app.plurall.net · Web viewYou can help reduce the pressure on our remaining forests by taking simple steps to reduce your own wood and paper use. For example, use both sides of each

AVALIAÇÃO BIMESTRAL

Questão 1Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: D – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7

3 steps you can take to help save the Amazon and the world's rainforests, from the Rainforest Action Network.

1) Reduce your paper and wood consumption.Logging companies are cutting down some of the most endangered forests on the planet to make wood and paper products such as office paper, phone books, toilet paper, window trim, lawn furniture, and 2 x 4's. Over seventy-eight percent of the Earth's original old growth forests have already been logged or degraded.You can help reduce the pressure on our remaining forests by taking simple steps to reduce your own wood and paper use. For example, use both sides of each piece of paper, use your own cloth bags at the grocery store, use cloth napkins and towels, and avoid disposable paper plates and cups.When purchasing paper products, choose products with the highest percentage of recycled content -post-consumer recycled content is the best. Choose tree-free paper alternatives if possible. Tree-free paper is made from agricultural products like waste straw, kenaf, and hemp, so not a single tree is cut down for its production! If you are building a house or adding on to your home, utilize wood efficient building techniques and avoid old growth wood products. Learn about alternatives such as reclaimed or recycled lumber, composite lumber, and independently certified wood.2) Reduce your oil consumption.The burning of oil, gas, and coal is the primary cause of climate change, a trend that is threatening the stability of the global climate. Scientists have predicted that if we stay on our current path, global temperatures will rise between 2° and 9° Fahrenheit in the next century -a warming rate faster than any occurring in the last ten thousand years. In addition, oil exploration projects lead to toxic pollution and massive deforestation, posing a threat to pristine ecosystems and indigenous cultures worldwide.You can help alleviate oil's impact on the environment by reducing your own oil and gas consumption. The next time you purchase a car, choose one that gets good gas mileage and avoid gas guzzling sports utility vehicles. If you drive somewhere regularly, start a carpool. Whenever possible, leave your car at home and instead walk, ride your bike, or take local mass transportation. Support funding for mass transportation and bike lanes -options that will serve our transportation needs and our planet much better in the long run than an ever-expanding maze of roads and highways!3) Reduce your beef consumption.

Inglês | Way to Go | 3º ano| 3º bimestre | Editora Ática

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Rainforest beef is typically found in fast food hamburgers or processed beef products. In both 1993 and 1994 the U. S. imported over 200 million pounds of fresh and frozen beef from Central American countries. Two-thirds of these countries' rainforests have been cleared, in part to raise cattle whose meat is exported to profit the U. S. food industry. When it enters the U. S. the beef is not labeled with its country of origin, so there is no way to trace it to its source. Reducing your consumption of beef will reduce demand for it, cutting back on pressure to clear more forests for cattle. For more information on the connection between beef and the environment, contact Earthsave International, 1509 Seabright Avenue, Suite B1, Santa Cruz, CA 95062; 1-800-362-3648; www.earthsave.org.

Available at <http://www.adventure-life.com/amazon/articles/what-can-i-do>. Accessed in: April, 2017

What are the measures presented in the text to reduce the consumption of paper and wood?a) Use paper napkins and paper towels, use paper packaging with a low percentage of

recyclable content, and prioritize the purchase of products with lots of packagingb) Use white and colored papers in gift wrapping, do not watch out for the percentage

of recyclable contents in the packaging and use for centuries timber constructionc) Use hardwoods for many years in your home décor, buy products with lots of

packaging and do not worry about the percentage of recyclable items in the packaging

d) Use both sides of each piece of paper, use your own cloth bags at the grocery store, choose products with the highest percentage of recycled content and utilize wood efficient building techniques

e) Use reforestation woods in home decorations, but do not worry about the percentage of recyclable items of a particular product you buy and use disposable paper napkins and paper towels

Questão 2Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: B – Habilidade do ENEM: H5 What is the consequence of excessive consumption of fossil fuels for the world?a) Scientists predict that the world temperature will not change, remaining the same

for a long period of time and the oil exploitation does not have drastic consequences for the forest areas

b) Scientists have predicted that global temperatures will rise between 2° and 9° Fahrenheit in the next century and oil exploration projects lead to toxic pollution and massive deforestation

c) Scientists predict that the change in temperature will be minimal and that, for this reason, will not have any adverse consequences for the world, other than, oil exploration being good for ecosystems.

d) Scientists predict that there will be no change in temperature, remaining at the same current level, and that oil explorations are very important because there is no substitute for another source.

e) Scientists predict that climate change will be insignificant and that oil exploration is very important to the world and that there is no damage to forest areas.


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Questão 3Nível de dificuldade: Fácil – Alternativa Correta: A – Habilidade do ENEM: H6 What is the biggest benefit of reducing beef consumption?a) One of the major benefits is the reduction of deforested areas for cattleb) The greatest benefit is the increase of cattle in pasture areasc) One of the greatest benefits is the increase in the proportion of cattle per pasture aread) The greatest benefit is the consumption of vegetablese) One of the greatest benefits is the reduction of diseases

Questão 4Nível de dificuldade: Fácil – Alternativa Correta: E – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H6

How did Brazil accomplish such a drastic change?

1.Protected areasOver half of the Brazilian Amazon is now designation as national parks or indigenous lands, effectively protecting an area larger than Greenland from intensive logging and agriculture. The push for more protected areas began in 2003, pioneered by a new Brazilian administration that was determined to curb deforestation and illegal logging. The recognition of indigenous land rights ensures the cooperation of locals and serves to preserve their way of life as well as the forest.

2.Industry cooperationHistorically, cattle ranching has been the greatest driver of deforestation in the Amazon, followed in recent decades by growing global demand for soybeans. In 2006, mounting political pressure and bad publicity associated with rainforest destruction pushed the two biggest buyers of Brazilian soybeans, Cargill and McDonalds, to freeze their purchases of soybeans sourced from recently cleared rainforest. Such action led to a national moratorium on soybeans grown on land that had been deforested since 2006, discouraging deforestation in the process. The cattle industry followed suit in 2009, as packing plants and slaughterhouses in Brazil refused to source cattle from ranches within 10km of deforestation fronts. In spite of these new restrictions, the cattle and soybean industries have done well in Brazil, increasing in size and scope in the face of surging international demand.

3.Satellite monitoringProtected areas and geographical restrictions on the spread of soybeans and ranching are great in theory, but without monitoring it is hard to prove that such restrictions are being adhered to. In order to monitor the pace of deforestation, the Brazilian Space Agency launched it’s DETER satellite in 2004. DETER monitors changes in forest cover in real time, producing a report of deforestation hotspots for law enforcement every two weeks. Satellite monitoring in Brazil is estimated to have prevented deforestation of 59,000 square kilometers of rainforest from 2007 to 2011.

Available at https://howtoconserve.org/2015/09/04/saving-the-amazon/. Accessed in: April, 2017


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According to the text, what are the measures adopted by Brazil to stop deforestation in the Amazon?a) Increased livestock raising, rigorous surveillance and internet monitoringb) Decrease in pasture areas, surveillance and increasing number of industriesc) Increased number of industries, controlled deforestation and larger pasture areasd) Monitoring of pasture areas, encouraging industry and increasing arable lande) Protected areas, industry cooperation and satellite monitoring

Questão 5Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: A – Habilidade do ENEM: H5 What are the consequences for the country in adopting these measures?a) There is greater protection and reduction of deforestation in the countryb) There is little security and deforestation is still prevalentc) There is less preservation of native areas and increased surveillanced) There is greater preservation of industrial areas and less deforestatione) There is less deforestation and greater incentive to set up large industries

Questão 6Nível de dificuldade: Difícil – Alternativa Correta: C – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7; H8

How to protect the largest forest in the world?The Amazon is one of our greatest natural treasures. A place where natural and cultural diversity abound. It is humbling to think how little attention we give to the Amazon, despite its importance to the stability of the Earth's climate and the incredible array of life that resides there. So although the Amazon may not be in your backyard, it should be front of your mind, and there are ways you can help protect it from afar.1. Let your voice be heard. Educate your family and friends about the importance of the Amazon, which is home to 10 percent of the known species on Earth. Then ask them to speak out for protecting the Amazon. Many people living in the Amazon witness environmental destruction that impacts their lives and their well-being, through no fault of their own, but they often lack the means and support to speak out against this.2. Become a discerning consumer. Ask how your food and other purchases have been produced. Is your furniture, for example, made of wood from the Amazon? And, if so, is the wood sustainably harvested and certified to prove it?3. Speak up for the Amazon peoples. The Amazon is home to an extraordinary diversity of peoples, with different languages, cultures, faiths, world views. Many people living in the Amazon are witnessing environmental destruction which impacts their lives and their wellbeing, through no fault of their own, and they often lack the means and support to speak out against this. We can help them to lend them our voices in solidarity with them, share their stories, speak out about environmental concerns, and through this, contribute in our own way to the protection of the Amazon.

Available at https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/5-ways-you-can-help-protect-the-amazon.

Accessed in: April, 2017


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According to the text, judge the items below correct ( C ) or incorrect ( I )I. The Amazon is home to a considerable percentage of species known on Earth.II. Many people living in the Amazon witness environmental destruction that impacts

their lives and their well-being.III. It is not important to know how certain products were made because the natural

resources are endless.IV.The Amazon has an enormous diversity of cultures and people, but because it has a

homogeneous flora and fauna, it is little studied. V. We can contribute to the protection of the Amazon by raising awareness and talking

with local populations about what could be done to minimize environmental impacts.

The alternative with the correct sequence isa) C, I, I, C, Cb) I, C, I, C, Ic) C, C, I, I, Cd) C, I, I, C, Ie) I, C, C, I, C

Questão 7Nível de dificuldade: Difícil – Alternativa Correta: C – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7

What is Environmental Awareness?To define environmental awareness we must first understand the environmentalist movement. Environmentalism is an ideology that evokes the necessity and responsibility of humans to respect, protect, and preserve the natural world from its anthropogenic (caused by humans) afflictions.Environmental awareness is an integral part of the movement’s success. By teaching our friends and family that the physical environment is fragile and indispensable we can begin fixing the problems that threaten it.Numerous resources are available to promote environmental awareness; group learning (in or outside of class), informational and inspirational seminars, such as our Awakening the Dreamer Program, and environmental books and brochures are just a few of the tools that can get you involved in promoting the environment.How to Promote Environmental AwarenessWhen learning about the environment’s declining health it is easy to feel discouraged, but what keeps us fighting for a healthy world is the future of our children. They should not have to inherit our environmental problems and in order to keep their future bright, spreading awareness is imperative.Before you can begin promoting environmental awareness in your own community you must first make sure that you have a thorough understanding of environmental issues. Staying up to date on environmental news and reading comprehensive books about environmental threats are both great resources, but if you’re the type of person who prefers a more interactive approach, attending environmental seminars is a great option.

Available at <https://www.pachamama.org/environmental-awareness>. Accessed in: April, 2017


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What are the means presented in the text used to provide environmental awareness?a) Lectures, group discussions and mobilization in the city of the entire local populationb) Seminars, classes on environmental awareness and monthly manifastationsc) Group learning, informational and inspirational seminars, environmental books and

brochures d) Manifestations in large urban centers, posters on the streets and advertisements in

communication vehiclese) Walks in favor of environmental awareness, seminars and commercial

advertisements

Questão 8Nível de dificuldade: Fácil – Alternativa Correta: B – Habilidade do ENEM: H5 According to the text, what makes us promote environmental awareness and a healthy future?a) The durability of natural resourcesb) The future of our childrenc) The possibility of living without pollutiond) The pure and quality aire) The possibility of enjoying good health

Questão 9Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: B – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H6; H7 Predicting the movement, impacts of microplastic pollution

Marine circulation and weather conditions greatly affect microplastic aggregation and movement. Microplastics, which are particles measuring less than 5 mm, are of increasing concern. They not only become more relevant as other plastic marine litter breaks down into tiny particles, they also interact with species in a range of marine habitats. A study by Natalie Welden and Amy Lusher published in Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, takes a look at how global climate change and the impact of changing ocean circulation affects the distribution of marine microplastic litter. It is part of a special invited section on microplastics.Littering, landfill runoff and loss at sea are the main pathways through which plastics enter the ocean. It is estimated that plastic waste from coastal countries will increase nearly 20-fold by 2025. The density of the plastic determines if it remains in surface waters, becomes beached in coastal areas and estuaries, or sinks to deep-sea sediments. Further, weather conditions and marine circulation play a significant role in the distribution. For example, the circular systems of ocean currents, such as the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic or the California Current in the Pacific, play a significant role in the movement of plastics from their point of release to remote areas where they can accumulate in central ocean regions called gyres. Unusual large amounts of marine debris have been found in these zones, such as the North Atlantic or Great Pacific garbage patches.


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However, our oceans are currently undergoing a marked period of uncertainty brought about by global climate change. For example, ice melts in polar regions is predicted to have a range of effects on the distribution on marine plastics. Adding another layer of complexity, changes in sea surface temperature may also affect the scale and patterns of precipitation, in particular tropical storms, cyclones and tornadoes. Global warming intensifies along-shore wind stress on the ocean surface. Flooding events, intense storms and increasing sea levels also means that more debris littering shorelines will become available for transport in the seas.

Available at <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170425092245.htm>. Accessed in: April, 2017What contributes to the circulation of plastics and microplastics on the ocean surface?a) Use of machinery for the removal of debrisb) Weather conditions and marine circulationc) Control of debris dumped directly into the sead) Prohibition of illegal fishing and the dumping of mercurye) Decreased use of plastic utensils

Questão 10Nível de dificuldade: Média – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7 What is the study of Natalie Welden and Amy Lusher published in the Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management and its relevance to the climate?

A study by Natalie Welden and Amy Lusher published in Integrated Environmental Assessment

and Management, takes a look at how global climate change and the impact of changing ocean

circulation affects the distribution of marine microplastic litter. It is part of a special invited section on microplastics.Adding another layer of complexity, changes in sea surface temperature may also affect the

scale and patterns of precipitation, in particular tropical storms, cyclones and tornadoes.

Global warming intensifies along-shore wind stress on the ocean surface. Flooding events,

intense storms and increasing sea levels also means that more debris littering shorelines will

become available for transport in the seas.


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Questão 11Nível de dificuldade: Média – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7; H8 –

Effects of ConsumerismOur consumption of goods obviously is a function of our culture. Only by producing and selling things and services does capitalism in its present form work, and the more that is produced and the more that is purchased the more we have progress and prosperity. The single most important measure of economic growth is, after all, the gross national product (GNP), the sum total of goods and services produced by a given society in a given year. It is a measure of the success of a consumer society, obviously, to consume.However, the production, processing, and consumption, of commodities requires the extraction and use of natural resources (wood, ore, fossil fuels, and water); it requires the creation of factories and factory complexes whose operation creates toxic byproducts, while the use of commodities themselves (e.g. automobiles) creates pollutants and waste. Yet of the three factors environmentalists often point to as responsible for environmental pollution — population, technology, and consumption — consumption seems to get the least attention. One reason, no doubt, is that it may be the most difficult to change; our consumption patterns are so much a part of our lives that to change them would require a massive cultural overhaul, not to mention severe economic dislocation. A drop in demand for products, as economists note, brings on economic recession or even depression, along with massive unemployment.

Available at <http://www.globalissues.org/article/238/effects-of-consumerism>. Accessed in: April, 2017After read the text, indicate the consequences of overconsumption by the world population.

The main consequences are the exaggerated use of natural resources (wood, ore, fossil fuels, a

nd water), release of toxic products from plant installation, garbage release and excess

pollutants.

Questão 12Nível de dificuldade: Média – Habilidade do ENEM: H5

The Rise of the Brazilian Consumer ClassMuch of Brazil’s explosive growth is being fueled by an emerging lower middle class that has grown to 95.4 million people. As they snap up cars, cell phones and new homes, this group is quickly becoming a prime target for marketers. The group, called the Clase C, earns between $600 and $2,600 a month and, through upward mobility in a growing economy, has become Brazil’s largest consumer group in a population of 192 million people.All this, for the average reader, is a good thing. People are earning more, spending more, buying cell phones, homes, and cars, and fueling overall economic growth, which we all know is an unquestionable positive. For Advertising Age’s audience, it’s even better news, because marketing expenditures are surely on an upward curve too. But Clase C’s spending habits show that even living with an income level of “just” $7,200 a year, the Earth cannot sustain our


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consumer lifestyles—a point discussed in “The Rise and Fall of Consumer Culture.”Indeed, if all 7 billion of the world’s inhabitants lived at this income level, we couldn’t even sustain our current population, let alone the additional 2 billion people slated to arrive by 2050. And this article offers a glimpse at why. Penteado notes that car sales to Clase C grew 50 percent, that 50 percent of Samsung’s cell phone purchases are made by Clase C, and that Clase C is the large purchaser of LCD TVs (on installment of course) and “high-status” cell phones.

Available at <http://blogs.worldwatch.org/transformingcultures/brazilian-consumers/>. Accessed in:With the rise of the Brazilian consumer class, which products have been consumed in excess? Is our planet able to afford all this consumption?

With the increase in wages and, consequently, the growth of class C, people are spending

more, buying cell phones, homes, and cars, and fueling overall economic growth, which we all

know is an unquestionable positive. For Advertising Age’s audience, it’s even better news,

because marketing expenditures are surely on an upward curve too. But, the Earth cannot

sustain our consumer lifestyles.


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app.plurall.net · Web viewYou can help reduce the pressure on our remaining forests by taking simple steps to reduce your own wood and paper use. For example, use both sides of each