Appendix 1 - Cornwall Council · (Thermal blinds) 2.6. Former Holman’s No.3 Works, Camborne 12-24 (Various measures including slim double glazing, secondary glazing, shutters, draught

Appendix 1 Energy efficiency and noise monitoring

April 2013

Camborne, Roskear, Tuckingmill Townscape Heritage Initiatives

Energy efficiency and noise monitoring

2. Monitored energy saving measures 1

2.1 The Clink, Church Lane, Camborne 2

(Wood fibre insulation boards)

2.2 43 Cross Street. Camborne 3 (Secondary glazing)

2.3 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill 4-6 (Refurbished original shutters and new draught

proofed shutters)

2.4 27 Basset Road, Camborne 7-9 (Slim double glazing)

2.5 2 Trelawney Road, Camborne 10-11 (Thermal blinds)

2.6 Former Holman’s No.3 Works, Camborne 12-24

(Various measures including slim double glazing, secondary glazing, shutters, draught proofing

Contents

1. Overview of energy saving measures 1 3. Energy saving monitoring results 25

3.1.1 Monitoring 25

3.1.2 Results of monitoring 26

3.1.3 Summary of feedback from questionnaires 26

received from Holman’s residents to date

3.1.4 - Unit C - effect of addition of shutters to 27 to draught proofed single glazing

3.1.5 Unit C ground floors: effect of draught 28 proofing on single glazing

3.1.6 Slimlite double glazing compared to 29

Draught proofed single glazing

4. Acoustic monitoring 30

4.1 Introduction 30

4.2 Methodology 30

4.3 Monitoring results 31

Energy saving monitoring links

Other useful websites providing the results of research and mon-itoring carried out on historic buildings include:

Bath Preservation Trust and the Centre for Sustainable Energy - Warmer Bath - A guide to improving energy efficiency of tradi-

tional homes in the city of Bath

Page Page

http://www.cse.org.uk/downloads/file/warmer_bath_june2011.pdf



1. Overview of monitored energy saving

measures initiative

Monitored energy saving measures are being funded and installed

on historic buildings receiving grant aid for repairs as part of

Camborne, Roskear, Tuckingmill Townscape Heritage Initiatives.

The measures are to provide good local examples of sympathetic

ways of upgrading the thermal and acoustic performance of

historic buildings without destroying their character. The

performance is being recorded by students from Cornwall

College’s BSc Renewable Energy and Carbon Management course

and involves use of:

Remote temperature sensors fixed internally and externally.

Thermal imaging.

Acoustic monitoring equipment.

Monitoring is conditioned on THI grant offers and involves:

1-2 week agreed monitoring period after completion of works and before occupancy of building. This allows monitoring to

take place in even conditions.

12 month monitoring period to take account of seasonal change.

An interview/perceptions questionnaire for occupants at the

end of the monitoring period.

This section gives examples of the energy saving measures which have been installed and provides details of their performance

through feedback through the results of the monitoring carried

out.

1. Overview of monitored energy saving measures

1

2.1 The Former Clink

Church Lane, Camborne

The former Clink and Parish Vestry was repaired and converted

into two community rooms in Spring 2011.

A THI grant was offered for works including a new dry laid scantle slate roof using Delabole slate, new windows and doors,

lime render and lime pointing, a rebuilt chimney and cast iron rainwater goods. An element of internal works was also funded including breathable Pavadentro wood fibre insulation boards

which were used to thermally upgrade internal walls.

2. Monitored energy saving measures

Converted interior - utilising wood fibre insulation boards.

After

2

Before

2.2 43 Cross Street, Camborne

Cross Street News, Camborne was refurbished with help from a THI grant in the

Summer of 2010. THI grant funded work included a wet laid scantle roof using Delabole slate,

reinstatement of a traditional timber shopfront and the replacement of a uPVC bay window with a timber single glazed bay based on the original design. A new clock was installed, chimneys rebuilt, cast aluminium rainwater goods fitted and dentil course

reinstated. Secondary glazing was installed to the first floor living accommodation. This provided thermal benefits as well as substantially reducing traffic noise from a

busy street. The secondary glazing allowed original single glazing to be retained and provided benefits without affecting the character of the building.

This property received a Commendation in the 2011 Cornish Buildings Group Awards.


Interior views of secondary glazing

3

Before After

2.3 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill

As part of THI funded works uPVC top opening windows were replaced with new traditional 12 pane single glazed vertical sliding sash windows

in Spring 2011.

The building retained its original internal shutter on the ground floor but shutters to the first floor were missing. The THI funded refurbishment of

the original shutters to three ground floor front windows and new

draught proofed shutters to three first floor windows.

The performance of the shutters has been monitored by Cornwall College

and the results can be seen on the following pages.

New draught proofed internal timber shutters to three first floor windows

Refurbished internal timber shutters to three ground floor windows

4


After

Before


The images on this page show preliminary results of energy saving

monitoring at 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill.

Remote temperature sensors and a thermal imaging camera have been used to monitor the thermal efficiency of draught proofed and non draught proofed timber shutters on the property.

Readings were taken with shutters open and closed.

Thermal imaging

The thermal image to the right was taken in March 2012 with the two left hand shutters ajar, the top middle one fully open and the

other three shut.

The monitoring results show that the shutters make a difference of

1°C to the external surface temperature.


5

Image of remote temperature

sensor installed over doorway.

A study of internal and external temperature readings over an extended period in 2011 shows that if the shutters are closed

overnight then the internal temperature falls by 0.5 -1°C less than if shutters are not closed. This implies a reduction of 5-10% of the annual heat loss from the house and therefore a 5-10% reduction in energy bills – probably nearer to 5% since not all areas of

the house will be so directly affected.

Further analysis of the data will point to differences in performance of the different shutter designs and a consideration of the role

that shutters can play in cooling during hot weather.



6

5 first floor windows reinstated to original design using Slimlite glazing

2 bay windows, 2 sash windows and door on ground floor reinstated to

original design. Slenderglaze used on reinstated windows

2.4 27 Basset Road, Camborne

This vacant fire damaged building was refurbished with help from a THI grant

in Summer 2011.

The THI grant funding included reinstatement of sash windows and surrounds to the front elevation. Windows were based on an original design but with

slim double glazing (Slimlite to the first floor and Slenderglaze to the ground floor). This provided an opportunity to compare the visual appearance and thermal performance of slim double glazed units at the front with convention-

al timber double glazed windows at the rear. Remote temperature sensors were installed in the property by Cornwall College to monitor the performance

of the windows and monitoring is progressing.


Interior view of completed window

7



8

9


These images show the impact on heat loss that simple measures can have. In the lower, left hand flat heavy curtains are closed,

while the windows of the other occupied units, all with either no curtains or only thin net curtains show much greater heat loss. The

top right-hand unit was unoccupied at the time of the photo.


A THI grant assisted with the repair and restoration of windows

and rainwater goods to the front and rear elevations of this property. Original windows and doors were repaired through a

combination of traditional repairs and a resin repair system.

Thermal blinds will be installed internally at this property and will be monitored with results being fed back into the

Improving Energy Efficiency in Historic Cornish Buildings guide.

2.5 2 Trelawney Road, Camborne

Before After

Resin repairs


10

http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=ec244f9e-f00f-4039-a5b9-5bde3cbbde9d&version=-1

Thermal roman blind from the Thermal Blind Co.

11


2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu Road, Camborne

The THI has funded works to 7 historic buildings on the former Holman’s No.3 Engineering Works. Holman’s produced rock drills and

engineering equipment for local tin and copper mining and is an important feature of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape

World Heritage Site. The overall scheme contains a mixture of renovated historic and new buildings.

The THI-funded works included various measures to improve the thermal and noise performance of traditional windows. Results of

this monitoring are included in the following pages. The monitoring took place on 4 historic buildings which were sub-divided into separate units and situated next to a busy road and a railway line. This provided a unique opportunity to compare different methods

of sympathetically retrofitting older buildings as well as providing a visual reference of the different measures. Results of the

monitoring are being fed into the Improving Energy Efficiency in Historic Cornish Buildings guide.

Unit E (lettering

reinstatement)

Unit D

Unit C Unit K

Burgess Foundry Wall

Sara’s Foundry Wall

Unit J


12

http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=ec244f9e-f00f-4039-a5b9-5bde3cbbde9d&version=-1


Unit ‘C’ Unit ‘D’ Unit ‘E’

Former Holman’s No.3 Works - before works

Former Holman’s No.3 Works - after works

13


Unit ‘K’ before works

Unit ‘K’ after works

14


Sara’s Foundry Wall prior to works

Sara’s Foundry Wall after works

15


Sara’s Foundry and Burgess Foundry walls after works

Sara’s Foundry wall prior to works Burgess Foundry wall prior to works

16

2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3 Works

Trevu Road, Camborne - Unit ‘C’

Drawings by Lilly Lewarne Practice Chartered Architects.


Before After

17

2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu Road, Camborne - Unit ‘C’


18

Before

Sheepswool insulation

to roof

2 draught proofed single

glazed windows with internal shutters


glazed windows with thermal shutters


glazed windows

3 Single glazed windows

with secondary glazing

Insulation between

first floor timber joists inserted from above floor

19


2.6 New timber shutters (conventional and thermal) at

Former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu Road, Camborne

2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3

Works Trevu Road, Camborne Unit ‘D’


Before After


20

Before


Works Trevu Road, Camborne

Unit ‘D’


21

Sheepswool

insulation to roof

Double hung vertical

sliding sash windows to original details

with slim double glazing

Draught proofing to

doors


Unit J – Slimlite glazing

Site visit with Cornwall College


Works, Trevu Road, Camborne Unit ‘J’


22


Works, Trevu Road, Camborne Unit ‘J’


23

Draught proofed single

glazed windows with ther-mal shutters (2 first floor, 1

ground floor)

Single glazed windows with

secondary glazing (3 first floor, 2 ground floor)

Slim double glazed

windows (7 first floor, 5 ground floor)

Sheeps wool insulation to

roof

First floor insulation be-

tween timber joists inserted from above floor with timber

boarding over


24

Slim double glazing, draught proofed single glazing with second-ary glazing and internal timber shutters at James Holman House

(Unit J) Trevu Road, Camborne.

Slim double glazing

Slim double glazing

Draught proofed single glazed windows with

secondary glazing Draught proofed single glazing with shutters

3. Energy saving monitoring results

25

3.1 Results of energy saving monitoring

at former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu

Road, Camborne

3.1.1 Monitoring

To assess the effectiveness of the THI-funded energy conservation

measures at the Holman’s Site, monitoring was carried out through using remote temperature sensors and thermal imaging cameras.

The remote temperature sensors were strategically placed in Units

C, D and J and monitoring was carried out after completion of works but before occupancy of units.

The results of the sensors must be interpreted with caution, since the units are not fully controlled environments and a number of

factors are at play. However, by comparing results on the same day in the same property, but in different rooms where different window

units were used, a meaningful comparison becomes possible, partic-ularly when the results are compared also with images from an infra-red camera and with the subjective perceptions of the occupants.

The units tested had the following glazing unit specifications:

Single glazing with draught proofing

Single glazing with secondary glazing

Single glazing with thermal shutters

Slimlite double glazing

The remote temperature sensors are the size of calculator batteries and were left unobtrusively over door frames in various rooms of

the units, where they recorded temperatures every 10 minutes over periods of several weeks. The data was collected readily in minutes

and interpreted using a spreadsheet.

This work was carried out by staff and students from the Science

Department of Cornwall College Camborne (Dr. Michael Hunt, Keith Dingley and student Will Segal).


3.1.3 Summary of feedback from questionnaires received from Holman’s residents to date

Residents were generally satisfied with the performance of

their windows.

All windows and shutters were thought easy to open and no one seemed to have any problems with the locking bar for the shutters.

Residents thought it was easy to keep properties comfortably

warm when heated and cool in Summer.

Traffic noise was not found to be problem in any of the units.

No problems with draughts in any of the windows.

Reports of small areas of condensation on some windows.

The graph above uses data taken over the summer and shows

the effectiveness of glazing units in preventing overheating due to direct sunlight.

The figures in the graph show the temperature variation over a

two day period in the three adjacent units of Unit J, all part of one terraced property with similar construction throughout, differing only in the glazing units. The outside temperature is

shown for comparison.

3.1.2 Results of monitoring

A peak reduction in temperature rise of about 30% compared to

single glazing, reduced to an average temperature rise difference of about 15% could mean 15% reductions in space

heating or cooling bills. That means a cost saving likely to be over £100 a year for many householders.

Cost saving aside, there is a clear comfort benefit from the use of secondary glazing that is demonstrated by this data. The

temperature swings of a property are dramatically reduced, here due to heating from direct sunlight. The same would apply in re-

verse in cold weather.

The Slimlite glazing must also bring cost and comfort benefits,

since temperature swings last about half as long as they do in a similar room that is singly glazed.

26


27

3.1.4 Unit C: effect of addition of shutters to draught proofed single glazing

Use of shutters reduced the internal temperature fall over a night time closure period of 9-10 hours by about 20%, or by 1 °C where

the temperature fall had been 5 °C, to 4 °C. This one degree temperature difference could make as much as 10% difference to a

heating bill over a year.


28

3.1.5 Unit C ground floors: effect of draught proofing on single glazing

Comparison of temperature profiles in the adjacent ground floors of the dwellings in Unit C shows little difference in absolute

temperature changes over any given period, but the dwelling with draught proofed windows showed a slower temperature reduction

once the windows were no longer in direct sun.


29

3.1.6 Slimlite double glazing compared to draught proofed single glazing

Comparison of the temperature profiles of two of the flats in Unit D, both of which had Slimlite double glazing, with that of the ground floor dwelling in Unit C with single glazed, draught proofed windows shows that there were substantially lower temperature fluctua-

tions in these flats than in the Unit C dwelling, as shown below. Temperatures fell overnight by about 3 °C or less , compared to 5 °C in the single glazed dwelling, which had the same aspect, and otherwise similar thermal specification.

If this temperature difference were replicated over a six month heating period that would make a difference of 15-20% to an annual

heating bill.

4. Acoustic monitoring

4.1 Introduction

Noise monitoring was carried out on Units C and D of the convert-

ed historic buildings fronting Trevu Road at the former Holman’s No.3 Engineering Works, Camborne in June 2012. The noise

monitoring was carried out by Eddie Jewell Acoustics on the following:

Single glazing with draught proofing

Single glazing with secondary glazing

Single glazing with thermal shutters

Slim double glazing

This complemented the energy monitoring work carried out on the

same buildings. The Holman’s site provided a good opportunity for noise monitoring as selected buildings were on a busy road near

the railway station. Traffic also stopped in front of properties when railway barriers were closed as can be seen on the photograph below.

4.2 Methodology

Monitoring was carried out using a Bruel and Kjaer 2250 sound monitoring device. Measurements were in accordance with the

Element Road Traffic Method (ISO140-5:1998).

Noise monitoring being carried out by Antony Best (Eddie Jewell

Acoustics) and students from Cornwall College’s BSc Renewable Energy and Carbon Management course.

30

4. Acoustic monitoring

4.3 Monitoring results

In simple terms the higher the figures in the table above the

better the noise performance. Key findings from the monitoring were:

Specification R’w R’w+C R’w+Ctr

Single glazing

with draught proofing

29 27 26

Single glazing

with secondary

glazing

39 36 30

Single glazing

with thermal

shutters

32 30 28

Slim double

glazing 29 28 26

Typical double

glazing 31

Typical single

glazed window 24

Secondary glazing and thermal shutters performed well and

results were comparable to the performance of double

glazing.

Draught proofed single glazing results were comparable to

slim double glazing.

Draught proofing provided a significant increase to the

noise performance of single glazed windows.

Noise monitoring in progress at Trevu Road, Camborne

31

Documents

Appendix 1 - Cornwall Council · (Thermal blinds) 2.6. Former Holman’s No.3 Works, Camborne 12-24 (Various measures including slim double glazing, secondary glazing, shutters, draught