54
271 APPENDIX 1 INSTRUCTIONS FOR CODING Please evaluate the following environmental advertising claims according to the categories listed below. 1. Degree of Greenness (Shallow/Moderate/Deep) – Banerjee,Gulas and Iyer 1995 A) Shallow : Ads that were vague in their environmental claims ("earth- friendly," "biodegradable") e.g. “We respect the environment”, “environmentally sound”, and “ecologically friendly B) Moderate :Ads that address environmental issues related to the product or service in great detail, but mention specific issues such as recycling C) Deep : Ads that focus solely on environmental issues and discussed them in depth (e.g., a detailed description of a firm's new pollution prevention equipment) or mentioned environmental behaviours that were not widely practiced (backyard composting, repairing or reusing products) e.g. “We are working to reduce CO2 emissions to zero. In the last five years we have already reduced them by 17 percent”. 2. Claim Type (Carlson, Grove and Kangun 1993) A) Product Orientation: The claim focuses on the environmentally friendly attributes that a product possesses. e.g. "This product is biodegradable."

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271

APPENDIX 1

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CODING

Please evaluate the following environmental advertising claims according to the categories listed below.

1. Degree of Greenness (Shallow/Moderate/Deep) – Banerjee,Gulas and Iyer 1995

A) Shallow : Ads that were vague in their environmental claims ("earth- friendly," "biodegradable")

e.g. “We respect the environment”, “environmentally sound”, and “ecologically friendly

B) Moderate :Ads that address environmental issues related to the product or service in great detail, but mention specific issues such as recycling

C) Deep : Ads that focus solely on environmental issues and discussed them in depth (e.g., a detailed description of a firm's new pollution prevention equipment) or mentioned environmental behaviours that were not widely practiced (backyard composting, repairing or reusing products)

e.g. “We are working to reduce CO2 emissions to zero. In the last five years we have already reduced them by 17 percent”.

2. Claim Type (Carlson, Grove and Kangun 1993)

A) Product Orientation: The claim focuses on the environmentally friendly attributes that a product possesses. e.g. "This product is biodegradable."

272

B) Process Orientation: The claim deals with an organization's

internal technology, production technique and/or disposal method

that yields environmental benefits. Example: "Twenty percent of

the raw materials used in producing this good are recycled."

C) Image Orientation: The claim associates an organization with an

environmental cause or activity for which there is broad-based

public support Example (a): "We are committed to preserving our

forests." Example (b): "We urge that you support the movement

to preserve our wetlands."

D) Environmental Fact: The claim involves an independent

statement that is ostensibly factual in nature from an organization

about the environment at large, or its condition. Example: "The

world's rain forests are being destroyed at the rate of two acres

per second."

E) Combination: The claim appears to have multiple facets, (i.e., it

reflects a product orientation, process orientation, image

orientation and/or an environmental fact).

3. Claim Validity (Carlson, Grove and Kangun 1993)

A) Vague/Ambiguous: The claim is overly vague or ambiguous; it

contains a phrase or statement that is too broad to have a clear

meaning.

e.g.: “This product is environmentally friendly.”

B) Omission: The claim omits important information necessary to

evaluate its truthfulness or reasonableness.

e.g.: “This product contains no CFCs.” (when in fact it contains

other environmentally harmful chemicals)

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C) False/Outright Lie: The claim is inaccurate or a fabrication.

e.g.: “This product is made from recycled materials” (when in

fact it is not)

D) Combination: The claim contains more than one misleading

element

4. Body copy tone (Leonidou et al (2011))

A) Rational : declarative comments about the direct benefits the

company’s methods and products contributed to the environment

B) Emotional : Use of emotional appeals

e.g “Donate now –save the planet”

C) Other : Use of only symbols

D) None

5. Illustration setting (Leonidou et al (2011))

A) Natural environment : popular scenes like blue sky, a tree in a

field, a blue sea, a green forest, and flowers or birds

B) Still life : pictures of product erc

C) Imaginary/artificial environment : Imaginary or artificial scenes

D) Industrial environment : Industrial environment setting

E) Normal scenery :

F) Abstract design

G) Green equipment/device

H) Slice of life

I) Green lifestyle

J) Environmental objects

K) Other

L) No setting

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6. Illustration presenter (Leonidou et al (2011))

A) Normal people

B) Animals

C) Company person

D) Special character

E) Expert

F) Special people

G) Celebrity

H) Cartoon

I) No presenter

7. Company identification mark (Leonidou et al (2011))

A) Environmental website : website”, which provides additional

information about the firm’s environmental practices and

educated consumers on environmental matters

B) Environmental slogan : e.g. “Beyond Petroleum” from B.P

C) Green signature cut.: Signature which shows company identity

clearly

D) Green logotype : Save the tiger logo

E) Green awards : Awards received by the company

F) No company environmental identification

8. Product identification mark (Leonidou et al 2011)

A) Legal requirements logos : e.g. EnergyStar rating for refrigerators

and CFC

B) Environmental certification

C) Green trademark : company signs symbolizing an environmental

aspect

D) No product environmental identification

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DETAILED CONTENT ANALYSIS RESULTS

Table A1.1 Advertiser Profile ( 2 [df = 7, N = 215] = 409.03, p < 0.001)

Company Type Count / Frequency Misc 16.00Non-profit organization 6.00Media 8.00Combination 10.00Governmental organization 11.00Services 17.00Real Estate 23.00Manufacturer 124.00

Table A1.2 Copy Characteristics – Body Copy Tone ( 2 [df = 3, N = 215] = 164.493, p < 0.001)

Body Copy Tone Count / Frequency Emotional 21.00None 34.00Rational 160.00

Table A1.3 Copy Characteristics – Illustration Setting ( 2 [df = 9, N = 215] = 235.558, p < 0.001)

Illustration Setting Count Abstract Design 40Environmental Object 3Green Slogan 1Imaginary/Artificial Environment 6Industrial Environment 8Natural Environment 25No Setting 54Normal Scenery 8Slice Of Life 4Still Life 66

276

Table A1.4 Copy Characteristics – Illustration Presenter ( 2 [df = 7, N = 215] = 437.614, p < 0.001)

Illustration Presenter Count / Frequency Animals 12Celebrity 18

Company Person 6

Expert 4Expert and Special People 5

No Presenter 123

Normal People 43

Special People 4

Table A1.5 Claim Specificity ( 2 [df = 2, N = 215] = 143.898, p < 0.001)

Claim Specificity Count / Frequency Deep 4.00Moderate 64.00

Shallow 147.00

Table A1.6 Misleading green advertisements ( 2 [df = 2, N = 215] = 40.028, p < 0.001)

Misleading green advertisements – greenwashing

Count / Frequency

Acceptable 104.00

Omission 30.00

Vague_or_Ambiguous 81.00

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Table A1.7 Associative Claims In Green Advertisements ( 2 [DF = 5, N = 215] = 336.302, p < 0.001)

Associative Claims In Green Advertisements

Count / Frequency

Combination 10.00

Fact 6.00

Image 129.00Other 12.00

Process 5.00

Product 53.00

Table A1.8 Product identification mark in green advertisements 2 [df = 3, N = 215] = 590.302, p < 0.001)

Certification Count / Frequency Energy Star Rating 4.00

Exnora Eco Star rating 1.00

No product certification 208.00TUV German certification 2.00

Table A1.9 Company identification mark in green advertisements 2 [df = 5, N = 215]= 199.502, p < 0.001)

Certification Count / Frequency Environmental_website 25.00

Environmental_slogans 11.00

Green_Signature_Cut 37.00

Green_Logotype 29.00

Green_Award / Certification 4.00

No_company_environmental_identification 109.00

278

APPENDIX 2

Questionnaire Q1a: Pretest for product selection

QUESTIONNAIRE

I am a research student with the Department of Management Studies,

Anna University. I would be grateful if you could spare some time to

complete this questionnaire. All your answers will be treated with

confidentiality.

Thank you for participating in the survey

______________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT

1. There are two parts to the questionnaire. Be sure that you appropriately

answer every question; do not omit any of the questions

2. Never select more than one option on a single scale

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

GENDER: MALE / FEMALE

AGE:

COURSE & BRANCH:

279

PRODUCTS

INSTRUCTIONS:

This first set of questions asks for your views about various products.

Please tick the appropriate box that best describes how you feel about the product

I. Product: laundry detergent (detergent used to wash clothes)

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1. When other people see me using this product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me” 5. Seeing somebody else use this product

tells me a lot about that person 6. When I use this product , others see

me the way I want them to see me

II. Product: Shampoo

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1. When other people see me using this product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am 4. This product is “me” 5. Seeing somebody else use this product

tells me a lot about that person 6. When I use this product , others see me

the way I want them to see me

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III. Product: Mobile Phone

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1. When other people see me using this product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

IV. Product: Bottled Water

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1. When other people see me using this product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

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V. Product: Two wheeler - Scooter – e.g. Honda Activa

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1. When other people see me using this product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

VI. Product: Notebooks ( paper notebooks)

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e1. When other people see me using this

product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

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VII. Product: Skin lightening cosmetics (fairness creams)

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1. When other people see me using this product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

VIII. Product: Wrist Watch

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e1. When other people see me using this

product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

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IX. Product: Jeans

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1. When other people see me using this product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

X. Product: Laptop

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product , they form an opinion of me

2. You can tell a lot about a person by seeing what brand of this product he uses

3. This product helps me express who I am

4. This product is “me”

5. Seeing somebody else use this product tells me a lot about that person

6. When I use this product , others see me the way I want them to see me

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Questionnaire Q1b: Pretest for identifying environmental issues considered proximal based on geographical location

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

INSTRUCTIONS: This set of questions asks for your views about environmental issues in different places.

If you feel that the issue is very closely related to one end of the scale, you should circle the appropriate number

Relevant to me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Irrelevant to me

Or

Relevant to me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Irrelevant to me

Please circle your response for all the following questions.

1. Environmental issues affecting China are

Relevant to me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Irrelevant to me

2. Environmental issues affecting North Indian states are

Relevant to me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Irrelevant to me

3. Environmental issues affecting USA are

Relevant to me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Irrelevant to me

4. Environmental issues affecting South Indian states are

Relevant to me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Irrelevant to me

5. Environmental pollution issues affecting Australia are

Relevant to me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Irrelevant to me

THANK YOU

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Questionnaire Q2c :Personality variables

I. People around the world are generally concerned about environmental

problems because of the consequences that result from harming nature.

However, people differ in the consequences that concern them the most.

Please rate each of the following items from 1 (not important) to 7 (supreme

importance) in response to the question.

1= not important

7= supreme importance

You can use the numbers in the middle if you fall between the two

extremes.

I am concerned about environmental problems because of the consequences

for ____

_____Plants _____My Lifestyle _____My Health

_____Children _____My Children _____People in my country

_____Birds _____Animals _____Marine Life

_____Me _____My Future _____All People

II. For each of the statements shown, please indicate whether or not

the statement is characteristic of you.

If the statement is extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like

you) please write “1” to the right of the statement; If the statement is

extremely characteristic of you (very much like you) please write “7” in

the space provided.

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1= extremely uncharacteristic (not at all like me) 7= extremely characteristic (very much like me)

You can use the numbers in the middle if you fall between the two extremes.

3. I consider how things might be in the future, and try to influence those things with my day to day behaviour.

_

4. Often I engage in a particular behaviour in order to achieve outcomes that may not result for many years.

_

5. I only act to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring the future will take care of itself.

_

6. My behaviour is only influenced by the immediate (i.e., a matter of days or weeks) outcomes of my actions.

_

7. My convenience is a big factor in the decisions I make or the actions I take.

_

8. I am willing to sacrifice my immediate happiness or wellbeing in order to achieve future outcomes.

_

9. I think it is important to take warnings about negative outcomes seriously even if the negative outcome will not occur for many years.

_

10. I think it is more important to perform behaviour with important distant consequences than behaviour with less important immediate consequences.

_

11. I generally ignore warnings about possible future problems because I think the problems will be resolved before they reach crisis level.

_

12. I think that sacrificing now is usually unnecessary since future outcomes can be dealt with at a later time.

_

13. I only act to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring that I will take care of future problems that may occur at a later date.

_

14. Since my day-to-day work has specific outcomes, it is more important to me than behaviour that has distant outcomes.

_

15. When I make a decision, I think about how it might affect me in the future.

_

16. My behaviour is generally influenced by future consequences _

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III. Please circle the correct answer to the following statements:

There is only one correct answer.

1. Which of the following sources of energy is NOT renewable? a. Petroleumb. Hydropower c. Biomass d. Solar power e. Geo-thermal power

2. Garbage can be put under four categories: organic, toxic, soiled, and recyclable. This is an important part of organic waste: a. Plastic bags b. Vegetable peelsc. Glass d. Metal e. Bottles

3. A protected area to ensure the safety of this animal and to protect its last habitat. This forest in Gujarat is famous for: a. Lionb. Tiger c. Leopard d. Elephant e. Black buck

4. A family of standards that helps Indian companies to minimize how their operations negatively affect the environment is: a. LEED Rating System b. ISO 14000 c. ISO 9000 d. Energy Star e. Ecomark

288

5. All but one of the following can decompose in ocean water

a. Sewage

b. Garbage

c. Tin cans

d. Plastic bags

e. Chemical fertilizer

6. Which is the most widely discussed impact of climate change?

a. Increase in average sea level

b. Deforestation

c. Soil erosion

d. Volcanic eruptions

e. Agriculture

7. Climate change may have an impact on the following:

a. Agriculture, natural terrestrial ecosystems, and water resources

b. Air quality

c. Oceans and coastal zones

d. Energy and human health

e. All of the above

8. Bhopal gas tragedy struck in the year 1984 due to the leakage of the

following gas:

a. methyl-iso-cyanate

b. nitrous oxide

c. methane

d. carbon monoxide

e. carbon dioxide

289

9. Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with atmospheric air. It

has been used for centuries for the following operation:

a. Grinding grain b. Generating electricity

c. Running cars

d. Generating solar energy e. None of the above

10. Sea turtles are called living fossils for they have been on the earth in

their present form for over 150 million years. Of the five species of sea turtles found in the waters of the Indian subcontinent, which is the

most populous species?

a. Keneps Ridley

b. Loggerhead c. Olive Ridley d. Flatback e. Tortoise

11. Which of the following activities reduces your carbon footprint? a. Buying local produce and in-season foods b. Using only leaded petrol

c. Buying imported products d. Using hot water for bathing everyday e. Avoid travelling in public bus

12. The Giant Panda is the official symbol of the WWF (World Wide Fund

for Nature). In which country is this animal found? a. Chinab. India

c. Myanmar

d. New Zealand e. Indonesia

290

13. This was one of the largest nuclear disasters in 2011 and was the

second to measure Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.

Name the site of this mishap:

a. Three Mile Island, USA

b. Chernobyl, erstwhile Soviet Union

c. Bhopal, India

d. Windscale, UK

e. Fukushima Daiichi Japan

14. Metal contained in broken fluorescent bulbs, tube lights and dead

batteries which gets transported with common municipal solid waste

and can be easily swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin and

can cause damage to the kidneys and nervous system.

a. Copper

b. Cadmium

c. Mercury

d. Arsenic

e. Iron

15. Which sector is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in India?

a. Transport

b. Domestic

c. Agricultural

d. Electric power generation

e. Hospitality

Thank you for your time

291

APPENDIX 3

Questionnaire Q2 : Mobile

I am a research student with the Department of Management Studies,

Anna University working on a consumer behaviour study. Your time and

responses will be greatly helpful for my study. All your answers will be

treated with confidentiality.

Thank you for participating in the survey

______________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT

Never select more than one option on a single scale

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

GENDER: MALE FEMALE

AGE:

COURSE &

BRANCH:

NATIVE STATE:

292

I. Please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree to each of the

following statements

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1. I believe that e-waste in the environment may cause severe health issues like respiratory diseases and cancer

2. I believe that e-waste pollution is a serious threat to human health

3. I do not think that e-waste will affect our health

4. I believe e-waste pollution is a significant problem

5. I am worried that I might get respiratory illness or cancer because of e-waste

6. E-waste pollution is a big concern for me as it might affect my health

7. It is possible that I am at risk of being affected by respiratory illness or cancer because of e-waste

8. Buying recyclable products is highly effective in preventing diseases due to e-waste pollution

9. Buying recyclable products will significantly lower the risk of being affected by respiratory diseases and cancer

10. Buying recyclable products is an effective method of reducing respiratory illness and cancer in humans

11. It would be easy for me to identify a recycled mobile.

12. It is not difficult for me to check if the mobile is made of recycled materials or not

13. I can easily identify a recycled mobile

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II. Indicate what you felt about the advertisement message content

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1. I got involved in what the ad had to say 2. The ad’s message seemed relevant to me 3. This ad really made me think 4. This ad was thought provoking 5. The ad for mobile was very interesting 6. I felt strong emotions while reading this ad

III. Your feelings when you saw the advertisement

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1. The message in the advertisement made me feel fearful

2. The message in the advertisement made me feel tense

3. The message in the advertisement made me feel nervous

4. The message in the advertisement made me feel anxious

5. The message in the advertisement made me feel reassured

6. The message in the advertisement made me feel relaxed

7. The message in the advertisement made me feel comforted

IV. My overall attitude toward the advertisement for Verdant is:

extremely quite slightly neither slightly quite extremely1 2 3 4 5 6 7

bad goodunpleasant pleasant unfavourable favourable

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V. My Attitude towards the TerraTel brand can be rated as:

extremely quite slightly neither slightly quite extremely1 2 3 4 5 6 7

bad goodunpleasant pleasant unfavourable favourable

VI. How likely is that you would purchase this brand

extremely quite slightly neither slightly quite extremely1 2 3 4 5 6 7

very unlikely very likelyDefinitely would not

Definitely would

Improbable Probable

VII. Indicate your judgment for by marking the location between the

two terms that you feel best characterizes your judgment.

1. How long do you think it takes for e-waste pollution to cause

respiratory diseases or cancer

The near

future

Distant future

2. Is the issue of e-waste pollution relevant to your country

Relevant to my

country

Irrelevant to

my country

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Questionnaire Q2b : Watch

I am a research student with the Department of Management Studies,

Anna University working on a consumer behaviour study. Your time and

responses will be greatly helpful for my study. All your answers will be

treated with confidentiality.

Thank you for participating in the survey

______________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT

Never select more than one option on a single scale

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

GENDER: MALE FEMALE

AGE:

COURSE &

BRANCH:

NATIVE STATE:

296

I. Please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree to each of the

following statements

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14. I believe that plastic waste in the environment may cause severe health issues like respiratory diseases and cancer

15. I believe that plastic waste pollution is a serious threat to human health

16. I do not think that plastic waste will affect our health

17. I believe plastic waste pollution is a significant problem

18. I am worried that I might get respiratory illness or cancer because of plastic waste

19. Plastic waste pollution is a big concern for me as it might affect my health

20. It is possible that I am at risk of being affected by respiratory illness or cancer because of plastic waste

21. Buying a biodegradable products are highly effective in preventing diseases due to plastic pollution

22. Buying biodegradable products will significantly lower the risk of being affected by respiratory diseases and cancer

23. Buying biodegradable products is an effective method of reducing respiratory illness and cancer in humans

24. It would be easy for me to identify a biodegradable watch.

25. It is not difficult for me to check if the watch contains plastic or not

26. I can easily identify a biodegradable watch

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II. Indicate what you felt about the advertisement message content

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disa

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1. I got involved in what the ad had to say 2. The ad’s message seemed relevant to me 3. This ad really made me think 4. This ad was thought provoking 5. The ad for watch was very interesting 6. I felt strong emotions while reading this ad

III. Your feelings when you saw the advertisement

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1. The message in the advertisement made me feel fearful

2. The message in the advertisement made me feel tense

3. The message in the advertisement made me feel nervous

4. The message in the advertisement made me feel anxious

5. The message in the advertisement made me feel reassured

6. The message in the advertisement made me feel relaxed

7. The message in the advertisement made me feel comforted

IV. My overall attitude toward the advertisement for Verdant is:

extremely quite slightly neither slightly quite extremely1 2 3 4 5 6 7

bad goodunpleasant pleasant unfavourable favourable

298

V. My Attitude towards the Verdant brand can be rated as:

extremely quite slightly neither slightly quite extremely1 2 3 4 5 6 7

bad goodunpleasant pleasant unfavourable favourable

VI. How likely is that you would purchase this brand

extremely quite slightly neither slightly quite extremely1 2 3 4 5 6 7

very unlikely very likelyDefinitely would not

Definitely would

Improbable Probable

VII. Indicate your judgment for by marking the location between the

two terms that you feel best characterizes your judgment.

3. How long do you think it takes for plastic waste pollution to cause

respiratory diseases or cancer

The near

future

Distant future

4. Is the issue of plastic pollution relevant to your country

Relevant to my

country

Irrelevant to

my country

299

APPENDIX 4

Watch Stimuli

Figure A4.1 Ad1a: Every Day x India for watch Stimuli

300

Figure A4.2 Ad1b: Every Year x India for watch Stimuli

301

Figure A4.3 Ad1c: Every Day x World for watch Stimuli

302

Figure A4.4 Ad1d: Every Year x World for watch Stimuli

303

Mobile Stimuli

Figure A4.5 Ad2a: Every Day x India for mobile phone stimuli

304

Figure A4.6 Ad2b: Every Year x India for mobile phone stimuli

305

Figure A4.7 Ad2c: Every Day x World for mobile phone stimuli

306

Figure A4.8 Ad2b: Every Year x World for mobile phone stimuli

307

APPENDIX 5

Questionnaire Q3: Watch

I am a research student with the Department of Management Studies,

Anna University working on a consumer behaviour study. Your time and

responses will be greatly helpful for my study. All your answers will be

treated with confidentiality.

Thank you for participating in the survey

______________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT

Never select more than one option on a single scale

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

GENDER: MALE FEMALE

AGE:

COURSE &

BRANCH:

NATIVE STATE:

308

I. Please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree to each of the

following statements

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Nei

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disa

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Som

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gree

Agr

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lyA

gree

1. Purchasing biodegradable products is a highly effective way of preventing diseases due to plastic pollution.

2. It is possible that I might get affected by diseases caused by plastic waste pollution.

3. It is not difficult for me to check if products contain plastic or not.

4. It is probable that I will suffer from various diseases caused by plastic waste pollution.

5. I can easily switch over to biodegradable products to prevent future health problems.

6. I believe that plastic waste pollution is a serious threat to human health.

7. I believe that plastic waste disposal may cause severe health issues.

8. Buying biodegradable products will significantly lower my risk of being affected by diseases caused by plastic pollution.

9. I am capable of identifying and purchasing biodegradable products.

10. I am at risk for getting health problems caused by plastic waste pollution.

11. Buying biodegradable products is an effective method of reducing threats caused by plastic pollution to human health.

12. I believe that plastic waste pollution is extremely harmful.

309

II. Indicate what you felt about the advertisement message content

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Dis

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Nei

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disa

gree

Som

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tA

gree

Agr

eeSt

rong

lyA

gree

1. I got involved in what the ad had to say

2. The ad’s message seemed relevant to me

3. This ad really made me think

4. This ad was thought provoking

5. The ad was very interesting

6. I felt strong emotions while reading this ad

III. Your feelings about plastic pollution when you saw the

advertisement St

rong

lyD

isag

ree

Dis

agre

eSo

mew

hat

Dis

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erag

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ordi

sagr

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mew

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Agr

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gree

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Agr

ee

1. The message in the advertisement made me feel fearful

2. The message in the advertisement made me feel scared

3. The message in the advertisement made me feel afraid

4. The message in the advertisement made me feel anxious

5. The message in the advertisement made me feel worried

310

INSTRUCTIONS:

On the scales below, please circle the number between the adjectives which

best represents your feelings.

IV. My overall attitude toward the advertisement for Verdant is:

bad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 good

unpleasant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pleasant

unfavourable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 favourable

V. My Attitude towards the Verdant brand can be rated as:

bad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 good

unpleasant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pleasant

unfavourable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 favourable

VI. How likely is that you would purchase this brand

very unlikely 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 very likely

definitely

would not

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Definitely

would

Improbable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Probable

311

VII. What health problems did the advertisement highlight? Choose

only one answer:

Diseases

Cancer

Respiratory problems

Cancer and respiratory problems

VIII. Please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree to each of the

following statements

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1. I can gain health benefits by buying recyclable products.

2. I can lose important health benefits if I don’t buy recyclable products.

312

APPENDIX 6

Watch Stimuli: Experiment 2

Figure A6.1 Ad3a: High x Loss for watch stimuli

313

Figure A6.2 Ad3b: High x Gain for watch stimuli

314

Figure A6.3 Ad3c: Low x Loss for watch stimuli

315

Figure A6.4 Ad3d: Low x Gain for watch stimuli

316

APPENDIX 7

Questionnaire Q4 : Mobile

QUESTIONNAIRE

I am a research student with the Department of Management Studies, Anna

University working on a consumer behaviour study. Your time and responses

will be greatly helpful for my study. All your answers will be treated with

confidentiality.

Thank you for participating in the survey

______________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT

Never select more than one option on a single scale

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

GENDER: MALE FEMALE

AGE:

COURSE &

BRANCH:

NATIVE STATE:

317

I. Please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree with each of

the following statements

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ngly

Dis

agre

eD

isag

ree

Som

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tD

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ree

Nei

ther

agre

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disa

gree

Som

ewha

tA

gree

Agr

eeSt

rong

lyA

gree

1. Purchasing recyclable products is a highly effective way of preventing diseases caused by e-waste pollution.

2. It is possible that I might get affected by diseases caused by e-waste pollution.

3. I am capable of checking if products contain recyclable materials.

4. It is probable that I will suffer from various diseases caused by e-waste pollution.

5. I can easily switch over to recyclable products to prevent future health problems.

6. I believe that e-waste pollution is a serious threat to human health.

7. I believe that e-waste disposal may cause severe health issues.

8. Buying recyclable products will significantly lower the risk of being affected by diseases caused by e-waste pollution.

9. I can identify and purchase recyclable products.

10. I am at risk for getting health problems caused by e-waste pollution.

11. Buying recyclable products is an effective method of reducing threats to human health caused by e-waste pollution.

12. I believe that e-waste pollution is extremely harmful.

318

II. Indicate what you felt about the advertisement message content

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Dis

agre

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isag

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Som

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isag

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Nei

ther

agre

eor

disa

gree

Som

ewha

tA

gree

Agr

eeSt

rong

lyA

gree

1. I got involved in what the ad had to say

2. The ad’s message seemed relevant to me

3. This ad really made me think

4. This ad was thought provoking

5. The ad was very interesting

6. I felt strong emotions while reading this ad

III. Your feelings about e-waste pollution when you saw the

advertisement St

rong

lyD

isag

ree

Dis

agre

eSo

mew

hat

Dis

agre

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eith

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ordi

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Agr

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gree

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ee

1. The message in the advertisement made me feel fearful

2. The message in the advertisement made me feel scared

3. The message in the advertisement made me feel afraid

4. The message in the advertisement made me feel anxious

5. The message in the advertisement made me feel worried

319

INSTRUCTIONS:

On the scales below, please circle the number between the adjectives which

best represents your feelings. .

If you feel that the issue is very closely related to one end of the scale, you

should circle the appropriate number

IV. My attitude toward the advertisement for Verdant is:

1. bad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 good

2. unpleasant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pleasant

3. unfavourable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 favourable

V. My Attitude towards the TerraTel brand can be rated as:

1. bad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 good

2. unpleasant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pleasant

3. unfavourable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 favourable

VI. How likely is that you would purchase this brand

1. very unlikely 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 very likely

2. definitely

would not

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Definitely

would

3. Improbable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Probable

320

VII. Please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree to each of the

following statements

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Dis

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Nei

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disa

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1. I can gain health benefits by buying recyclable products.

2. I can lose important health benefits if I don’t buy recyclable products.

321

APPENDIX 8

Mobile Stimuli : Experiment 3

Figure A8.1 Ad4a: High x Loss for mobile Stimuli

322

Figure A8.2 Ad4b: High x Gain for mobile Stimuli

323

Figure A8.3 Ad4c: Low x Gain for mobile Stimuli

324

Figure A8.4 Ad1d: Low x Loss for mobile Stimuli