APPENDIX 13 - gcs-sa.biz · APPENDIX 13 . EMP (REFER TO APPENDIX 11) Somkhele Rehabilitation Strategy and Implementation Plan Report Version

APPENDIX 13

EMP (REFER TO APPENDIX 11)

Somkhele Rehabilitation Strategy and Implementation Plan

Report

Version – 1

25 April 2018

Tendele Coal Mining

Client Reference: RSIP

Tendele Coal Mining Somkhele Rehabilitation Strategy Implementation Plan

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Somkhele Rehabilitation Plan Report

Version – 1

25 April 2018

Tendele Coal Mining

Environmental Consultant Christopher Wright

Author Designation Signature

Jade Dafel Environmental Officer


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CONTENTS PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 CURRENT REHABILITATION PLAN ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 General Infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 2

1.2 DETAILS OF SPECIALIST .................................................................................................................... 6

2 SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................................................................................ 6

3 PROJECT CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 LOCALITY ..................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 MINING AREAS OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 7

3.2.1 Area 2................................................................................................................................ 7 3.2.2 Area 1.............................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.3 Luhlanga ......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.4 KwaQubuka..................................................................................................................... 14

4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES .................................................................................................................. 16

4.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................... 16 4.1.1 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act No. 108 of 1996) ...................... 16 4.1.2 National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA) .................... 16 4.1.3 Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002) (MPRDA) ..... 19 4.1.4 Mine Health and Safety Act (Act No. 29 of 1996) (MHSA) .............................................. 20 4.1.5 National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) (NWA) ............................................................ 21

4.2 CLOSURE ASSUMPTIONS ............................................................................................................... 21

5 FINAL LANDUSE ........................................................................................................................ 22

6 SOIL USE AND SOIL BALANCE .................................................................................................... 22

6.1 PRE-MINING LAND CAPABILITY ....................................................................................................... 22 6.1.1 Description of land capability ......................................................................................... 22

6.2 PRE MINING LAND CAPABILITY SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 23 6.3 SOIL DEPTH ................................................................................................................................ 23

7 CLOSURE ACTIONS .................................................................................................................... 29

7.1 PREPARATION PRIOR TO REHABILITATION ......................................................................................... 29 7.2 RE-VEGETATION .......................................................................................................................... 30 7.3 MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................ 30 7.4 DISCARD AND SLURRY ................................................................................................................... 31

8 WATER MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 31

8.1 POLLUTION CONTROL PONDS ......................................................................................................... 31 8.2 CLEAN WATER STORAGE DAMS ...................................................................................................... 32

8.2.1 River Dam ....................................................................................................................... 32 8.2.2 Mnyenge 2 Dam.............................................................................................................. 32

9 RELINQUISHMENT CRITERIA ..................................................................................................... 34

9.1 SLURRY AND DISCARD FACILITY ....................................................................................................... 34 9.2 POLLUTION CONTROL DAMS (PCDS) ............................................................................................... 34 9.3 BUILDINGS & INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................... 35 9.4 HAUL AND ACCESS ROADS ............................................................................................................. 35 9.5 MINING VOIDS ............................................................................................................................ 35 9.6 REHABILITATION ASSESSMENT SIGN OFF .......................................................................................... 35

10 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 36

10.1 EXTERNAL AUDIT SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................... 36 10.2 MONITORING PLAN ..................................................................................................................... 36

10.2.1 Water Quality Monitoring .............................................................................................. 36


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10.2.2 Dust Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 36

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Backfilling of Pit BDE with Discard .................................................................................... 8 Figure 3-2: Locality of Somkhele and assessed mining areas. ............................................................ 9 Figure 3-3: Closure Design for Pit BDE .............................................................................................. 10 Figure 3-4: Infrastructure Layout ...................................................................................................... 11 Figure 3-5: Backfilling of North Pit 1 ................................................................................................. 12 Figure 3-6: Backfilling of North Pit 2 ................................................................................................. 13 Figure 3-7: Backfilling of South Pit .................................................................................................... 13 Figure 11-1 Area 2 and Area 8 Monitoring Points ................................................................................. 37 Figure 11-2 Area 1 Monitoring Points ................................................................................................... 38 Figure 11-3: Dust Monitoring Locations ............................................................................................. 39

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Details of Specialist ............................................................................................................... 6 Table 2 . Listing Notice GN R983 which triggers a BA ..................................................................... 18 Table 3 Area 1 pre mining land capability summary ...................................................................... 23 Table 4 Land Capability Area 2 ....................................................................................................... 23 Table 5 Effective depth of soils occurring at Somkhele .................................................................. 23 Table 6 Actions and Responsibilities .............................................................................................. 33 Table 7 Completion criteria for the Slurry and Discard Facility ...................................................... 34 Table 8 Completion Criteria for PCDs ............................................................................................. 34 Table 9 Completion criteria for the mining voids ........................................................................... 35 Table 10 External Audit Schedule ...................................................................................................... 36

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BA Basic Assessment

DEA Department of Environmental Affairs

DMR Department of Mineral Resources

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

LOM Life Of Mine

MAE Mean Annual Evaporation

MAP Mean Annual Precipitation

MHSA Mine Health and Safety Act (Act No. 29 of 1996)


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MPRDA Mineral and Petroluem Resources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002)

NEMA National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998)

NWA National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998)

PCD Pollution Control Dam

ROM Run Of Mine

RWD Return Water Dam

WRD Waste Rock Dump

WUL Water Use Licence

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: CV OF ASSESSOR ....................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.


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1 INTRODUCTION A Rehabilitation Strategy and Implementation Plan(RSIP) has been developed for Somkhele Anthracite

Mine. The purpose of this plan is to outline rehabilitation strategy and how rehabilitation should be

implemented. The rehabilitation objectives were defined when a Mining Right was granted to

Somkhele. These objectives form the basis of all rehabilitation strategies going forward.

1.1 Current Rehabilitation Strategy

The Rehabilitation Strategy as outlined in the Environmental Management Plan. (Environmental

Management Plan Report, Report No 2001.02.041 April 2002. and Somkhele EMPR Addendum report

September 2006.) The closure strategies are summarised as follows:

Closure Objectives

The following closure objectives are defined as follows:

• Topography: To mitigate micro- and macro-topographic impacts created during the

operational phase.

• Soils: To mitigate long-term soil contamination impacts and to ameliorate altered physical and

chemical properties of soils caused by stripping, handling and stockpiling.

• Land Capability: To restore the affected surface areas to grazing land capability

• Land Use: To restore the affected surface area to grazing land status so that pre-mining land

use activities (grazing) can be resumed within time and so that the site may be resettled. To

remove mine-related infrastructure and only retain that which will be beneficial to the post-

mining land user

• Vegetation: To reinstate a cover of vegetation similar to the pre-mining veld. To control

weed/alien plant invasion and to establish a cover of vegetation that will control erosion.

• Fauna: To re-create a habitat that is suitable for animals to forage or live within and where

livestock can graze.

• Surface Water: To control surface water contamination within the site on a long-term basis.

• To maintain runoff control structures as long as is necessary

• To undertake complete surface water quality monitoring in order to determine/verify the

effect of mining activities on surface water quality.

• Groundwater: To undertake complete groundwater quality and water level monitoring in

order to establish long-term groundwater levels and quality trends.


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• To mitigate long-term potential groundwater impacts by capturing and evaporating

contaminant seepage from the mining pits

• The closure objectives will be achieved through rehabilitation of the site and the maintenance

of pollution control structures.

1.1.1 General Infrastructure

Buildings and Structures

Relevant Structures: Mine office/administrative structure/building, mining contractor’s

structure/building, security point structure, coal processing plant module and workshops

Assuming that over time some brick buildings are built, an alternative use for the brick structures will

first be sought e.g. they can either be sold/donated to the post-mining land user. If an alternative use

cannot be found, the building(s) will be demolished.

Prefabricated units (potentially offices, workshops, security) will be sold or transferred to a new site.

Dedicated coal processing plant structures will be disassembled and either sold or transferred to a new

site.

All material recovered from the demolition of buildings/structures will either be transported to a

permitted disposal site, sold as scrap or made available to the local persons as building materials

(provided they are in a satisfactory condition following demolition).

Other Structures

Relevant Structures: Fences, Concrete slabs and Pump station.

All fences erected around the mine will be dismantled and either disposed of at a permitted disposal

site or sold as scrap. Fences erected to cordon-off dangerous areas/excavations will remain in place and

maintained and will only be removed once the site has been backfilled and contoured to a safe gradient.

Any concrete slabs constructed to manage substrate pollution on site must be broken up and all

concrete fragments removed and disposed at a permitted disposal site.

If a sewerage plant is installed during the life of the mine, it will be drained and any sewerage will be

dried out before being transferred to a permitted disposal site. The sewerage plant infrastructure will

be disassembled, removed from the site and either sold as scrap or transferred to a permitted site for

disposal. Any french drains associated with the sewerage plant will be backfilled, compacted and the

surface rehabilitated.


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The pump station structure established for the abstraction of water from the Myenge Dam will be

dismantled and either sold, removed to another site or donated to the post-mining land users should it

functional and practical to operate.

Roads

Relevant Structures: Internal mine haul Roads and Access Road

All existing gravel district roads are to remain in place as they will be used by surrounding land users in

the future.

Specific mine-related gravel roads that will be required by the post-mining land user will be identified

on closure and retained. This is likely to only be the mine access road

The specific mine-related gravel roads that will be required for maintenance purposes will be identified

on closure and retained for the maintenance period.

The roads will be kept in good condition for the duration of the maintenance period through grading

and erosion repair. Once the maintenance period is complete, the road will be rehabilitated.

All other gravel roads that traverse the mining area will be rehabilitated as part of the overall

rehabilitation of the mine. Deep ripping down to 1 m will be needed to break up the severe compaction

before rehabilitation proceeds. Tillage to 30 cm will be needed to break up clods.

Waste Management

Relevant Waste: Pipeline components, powerline components, domestic waste (litter, paper, plant

trash, etc), industrial waste (containers, oil, linings), scrap metal and parts, building rubble and

contaminated substrates.

All forms of waste must also be collected, removed from site and disposed of at a permitted disposal

site appropriate to the type of waste. This will include the following:

• Litter (collect in a skip and transfer to a permitted disposal site);

• Organic waste e.g. waste plant material (collect and burn on site and use the ash in the

rehabilitation process);

• Building rubble and concrete (collect in a skip and transfer to a permitted disposal site);

• Toxic materials (seal containers and either transfer to a permitted disposal site or sell);


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• The contents and linings of ponds (remove and transfer to a permitted disposal site);

• Contaminated substrates (excavate and remove to discard dump for disposal);

• Scrap metal and other components (sell to a scrap dealer or remove to a permitted disposal

site).

Sealing of Underground Workings and Dangerous Excavations

Relevant Areas: Mining pits and Plant area terraces.

There are currently no underground workings that will need to be sealed.

The mining pits will be backfilled using overburden material removed during the mining process. All

other dangerous excavations and voids will be backfilled as well. All backfilled areas will be shaped and

contoured to ensure a safe slope. The mining areas will be shaped to slope towards the low wall and

the in-pit evaporation pond (where applicable). Slopes will be in the order of 1 in 3.

Final Rehabilitation of Opencast Mine Haul Ramps, Roads and Final Voids

Relevant Areas: Pits, Main Haul roads.

Mined out areas will be backfilled on an ongoing basis as mining proceeds using overburden and rock

stripped from the pits to enable access to the coal seam. Subsoil and topsoil will be replaced in sequence

after backfilling. The ramp roads within each pit will be rehabilitated as part of this process.

All backfilled areas will be contoured to minimise infiltration and maximise free runoff over the

backfilled material. Runoff from the backfilled areas of the pits will be channelled towards the in-pit

evaporation ponds; clean runoff will be diverted away from the mining areas using the upslope

diversion berms installed during the construction phase (to be retained for a minimum of 2 years after

decommissioning).

Water Management

Relevant Areas: Mining pits and In-pit Evaporation Ponds

Site Preparation

• Excavate shallow depressions intermittently within/adjacent to the stream channel.

• The depressions should be approximately 2 m wide and about 30 to 50 cm deep.


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• Line the depressions with sandbags filled with a clay-rich soil. This will impede drainage and

create the substrate conditions needed to sustain the wetland.

• Cover the sandbags with a layer of clay rich soil (approximately 150 mm).

• An organic matter fertiliser (e.g. straw mulch or chicken litter or both) should be mixed into

the capping substrate. Rates of application will be determined once the chemical composition

of the soil has been finalised after sample collection and analysis.

Rehabilitation of Disturbed Surface Areas

All areas disturbed during the mining process will be rehabilitated. Rehabilitation will be conducted on

an ongoing basis throughout the mining period.

Maintenance and Aftercare

The exact maintenance and aftercare requirements will be based on the findings of the annual mine

audit and the closure plan for the site. Maintenance and aftercare is likely to involve:

• Booster fertiliser applications to rehabilitated areas;

• Re-seeding of areas where germination failure has occurred;

• Alien and weed eradication and control;

• Erosion monitoring and installation, upgrade or repair of erosion control structures

• Progress of rehabilitation versus set targets;

• Appropriate time for re-introduction of livestock;

• Veld management practices including burning regimes (to be advised by the Department of

Agriculture);

• Upgrade and/or maintenance of runoff control/diversion structures (first two years or longer

as determined by monitoring);

• Maintenance of cut-off trenches;

• Monitoring of pollution control structures i.e. in-pit evaporation ponds;

• Surface water monitoring and future requirements;

• Groundwater monitoring and future requirements;

• Rehabilitation monitoring and future requirements; and


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• The maintenance and aftercare period is set for a minimum of two to three years after

decommissioning, however, ongoing monitoring will determine the most applicable time at

which to cease maintenance and aftercare procedures.

1.2 Details of Specialist

The persons responsible for the drafting of this closure document are outlined in Table 1 below. CV are

presented in A

Table 1 Details of Specialist Name Title Years of Experience

Christopher Wright Environmental Consultant 10

Jade Dafel Environmental Officer 4

2 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work covered in this document is outlined as follows:

• Providing the vision, objectives, targets and criteria for final rehabilitation,

decommissioning and closure of the project;

• Outlining the design principles for closure;

• The explanation of the risk assessment approach and outcomes and the link of closure

activities to the risk rehabilitation;

• Detailing the closure actions that clearly indicate the measures that will be taken to

mitigate and/or manage identified risks and describes the nature of residual risks that will

need to be monitored and managed post closure;

• Committing to a schedule, budget, roles and responsibilities for final rehabilitation,

decommissioning and closure of each relevant activity or item of infrastructure;

• Identifying knowledge gaps and how these will be addressed and filled;

• Detailing the full closure costs for the life of project at increasing levels of accuracy as the

project develops and approaches closure in line with the final land use proposed; and

• The outline of monitoring, auditing and reporting requirements.


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3 PROJECT CONTEXT

3.1 Locality

Somkhele Anthracite Mine is located approximately 23 km to the west of Mtubatuba, within tribal land

in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The Somkhele Mine falls within the boundaries of the uMkhanyakude

District Municipality (DC27) which is sub-divided into six municipalities. Refer to Figure 3-2 for the

topographical setting of the mining area.

The Somkhele Anthracite Mine is situated within the Nkolokotho River (non-perennial) sub-catchment

of the greater Mfolozi River catchment, downstream of the confluence of the White and Black after

confluencing with the KwaLuhlanga River, drains into the Mfolozi River via the Mbukwini Pan.

3.2 Mining Areas overview

This closure cost calculation refers to the four (4) mining areas namely; Area 1, Area 2 and Luhlanga and

KwaQubuka. Figure 3-2 outlines the locality of these mining areas.

3.2.1 Area 2

In 2002 the mine acquired governmental approval for mining in what is classified as ‘Area 2’. The mine

commissioned a washing plant and started production in October 2006. Additional infrastructure

constructed in this area include office buildings, a community and the staff training centre, a change

house, plant and contractor workshops and fuel storage facilities. The locality of these facilities is

presented in Figure 3-4.

Mining in Area 2 is complete and rehabilitation has commenced. There are two (2) mining pits in this

Area, these being Pit A and Pit BDE (Figure 3-1). Pit BDE is one continuous pit but was named as

numerous pits as historically the geology showed faults and dykes within this pit.

Backfilling of discard into Pit BDE is occurring while Pit A is currently being utilised for slurry disposal.

The conceptual design for Pit BDE is shown in Figure 3-3

Since operation commenced, two (2) additional washing plants have been constructed; namely Plant 2

and Plant 3. These plants are located within close proximity to the original plant (see Figure 3-4). To

date all washing, processing and stockpiling of product occurs within the footprint of Area 2.


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Figure 3-1: Backfilling of Pit BDE with Discard

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Figure 3-2: Locality of Somkhele and assessed mining areas.

Tendele Coal Mining (Pty) Ltd Somkhele Rehabilitation Strategy Implementation Plan

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Figure 3-3: Closure Design for Pit BDE


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Figure 3-4: Infrastructure Layout


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3.2.2 Area 1

Mining commenced in Area 1 in 2011.

• There is no major infrastructure within this Area.;

• Infrastructure is limited to a contractor’s workshop and fencing of the mining area;

• There are three (3) mining pits within Area 1; these being North Pit 1, North Pit 2 and South

Pit. The locality of these pits is shown in Figure 3-2.

Backfilling of mined out pits has started in North Pit 1, North Pit 2 and South Pit (Figure 3-5,Figure 3-6

• Figure 3-7

• It is anticipated that mining will continue in Area 1 until 2019.


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Figure 3-5: Backfilling of North Pit 1

Figure 3-6: Backfilling of North Pit 2


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Figure 3-7: Backfilling of South Pit 3.2.3 Luhlanga

Mining commenced in Luhlanga in 2013.

• Infrastructure is limited to fencing.

• Luhlanga is contiguous to Area 2.

• It is anticipated that mining will continue in Luhlanga until 2019. The rollover method of

rehabilitation is being used within this mining area with continual backfilling of mined out

sections of the pit.

The layout of Luhlanga is shown in Figure 3-8

3.2.4 KwaQubuka

Mining commenced in KwaQubuka in the second half of 2016.

• Infrastructure is limited to fencing;


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• KwaQubuka falls within same Mining Right as Luhlanga and Area 2 and is contiguous to

Luhlanga; and

• KwaQubuka is planned to be used for discard and slurry disposal once mined out.

The Layout of KwaQubuka is shown in Figure 3-8


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Figure 3-8 Layout of Luhlanga and Kwaqubuka


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4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES

4.1 Legal framework

4.1.1 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act No. 108 of 1996)

With respect to the environment, Section 24 of the constitution states that:

Everyone has the right:

a) to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and

b) to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through

reasonable legislative and other measures that:

I. Prevent pollution and ecological degradation;

II. Promote conservation; and

III. Secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting

justifiable economic and social development.

The constitution also establishes the idea of the polluter pays principal - simply that the party

responsible for pollution of the environment remains responsible for financial reparations of the

impacts from their activities.

4.1.2 National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA)

The National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA) provides the framework

environmental legislation and establishes an integrated environmental management system for South

Africa. It aims to prevent pollution and degradation of South Africa’s natural environments while at the

same time promoting sustainable economic and social development.

NEMA also enforces the idea of the polluter pays principle as established in the Constitution. Section

28 of the NEMA states:

(1) Every person who causes, has caused or may cause significant pollution or degradation of the

environment must take reasonable measures to prevent such pollution or degradation from occurring,

continuing or recurring, or, in so far as such harm to the environment is authorised by law or cannot

reasonably be avoided or stopped, to minimise and rectify such pollution or degradation of the

environment.


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This is central to the idea of mine closure whereby the holder of a mining permit remains responsible

for ensuring the mined area is rehabilitated to a state acceptable to all parties and that is not harmful

to people or the surrounding environment.

Section 24P of the NEMA also sets out the requirements for financial provision for remediation of

environmental damage while Section 24R of the NEMA speaks specifically to environmental

authorization on mine closure. Section 24P (5) states the following:

The requirement to maintain and retain the financial provision contemplated in this section remains in

force notwithstanding the issuing of a closure certificate by the Minister responsible for mineral

resources in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 to the holder or

owner concerned and the Minister responsible for mineral resources may retain such portion of the

financial provision as may be required to rehabilitate the closed mining or prospecting operation in

respect of latent, residual or any other environmental impacts, including the pumping of polluted or

extraneous water, for a prescribed period. responsible for mineral resources in terms of the Mineral and

Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 to the holder or owner concerned and the Minister

responsible for mineral resources may retain such portion of the financial provision as may be required

to rehabilitate the closed mining or prospecting operation in respect of latent, residual or any other

environmental impacts, including the pumping of polluted or extraneous water, for a prescribed period

[own emphasis].

Furthermore, Section 24R (1) of the NEMA states:

Every holder, holder of an old order right and owner of works remain responsible for any environmental

liability, pollution or ecological degradation, the pumping and treatment of polluted or extraneous

water, the management and sustainable closure thereof notwithstanding the issuing of a closure

certificate by the Minister responsible for mineral resources in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum

Resources Development Act, 2002, to the holder or owner concerned [own emphasis].

Important to note here is that the NEMA specifically states that the liabilities associated with mining do

not end with the issuing of a closure certificate. This is at odds with the MPRDA as illustrated before.

Furthermore, the NEMA carriers heavier penalties than the MPRDA for transgressions.

4.1.2.1 NEMA 2015 Regulations Pertaining to Financial Provision The NEMA regulations pertaining to financial provision were previously regulated under the MPRDA,

however they have since been retracted from the MPRDA and have now been gazetted under NEMA.


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The regulations pertaining to financial provision (GN R1147) under the NEMA set out the requirements

for an applicant or holder of a right or permit to determine and make financial provision to guarantee

the availability of sufficient funds to undertake rehabilitation and remediation of the adverse

environmental impacts of prospecting, exploration, mining or production operations.

4.1.2.2 NEMA 2014 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations

The Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) has developed a list of activities which are likely to have

an impact on the environment. The list of activities is separated into three listing notices (GN R983, GN

R984 and GN R985).

Any activity which is listed under these notices requires an environmental assessment to be conducted

and approved before the activity can proceed. Activities falling under Listing Notice 1 (GN R983) or

Listing Notice 3 (GN R985) require a Basic Assessment (BA) to be conducted while any activity falling

under Listing Notice 2 (GN R984) requires a full Scoping and Environmental Impact Assessment (S&EIA)

process to be conducted.

With the introduction of the 2014 NEMA EIA Regulations (GN R982) on 04 December 2014, mine closure

is now a listed activity under GN R983 which requires a BA. The listing is as follows:

Table 2 . Listing Notice GN R983 which triggers a BA

Activity Number Activity Description

22 The decommissioning of any activity requiring - (i) a closure certificate in terms of section 43 of the Mineral and

Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002); or

(ii) a prospecting right, mining right, mining permit, production right or exploration right, where the throughput of the activity has reduced by 90% or more over a period of 5 years excluding where the competent authority has in writing agreed that such reduction in throughput does not constitute closure.

Therefore, any mine that wishes to apply for a closure certificate is now required to conduct a BA and

submit this alongside the application for a closure certificate.


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4.1.3 Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002) (MPRDA)

The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002) (MPRDA) was enacted in

order to make provision for equitable access to and sustainable development of South Africa’s mineral

and petroleum resources; and to provide for matters connected therewith. The MPRDA recognises that

mineral and petroleum resources are non-renewable resources yet are important resources for

ensuring the continued economic growth and social upliftment of the people of South Africa. The

MPRDA therefore sets out the State’s obligation to protect the environment for the benefit of present

and future generations, to ensure ecologically sustainable development of mineral and petroleum

resources and to promote economic and social development.

As part of the commitments to protect the environment for the benefit of present and future

generations and to ensure ecologically sustainable development of mineral and petroleum resources

the MPRDA provides that all mining activities need to minimise their impacts on the surrounding

environment as much as possible. This includes rehabilitation and mitigation of latent environment

impacts of the site post closure of the mine.

Section 43 of the Act enforces the need for every mine to apply for a closure certificate upon completion

of the activity. Section 43(1) states that:

The holder of a prospecting right, mining right, retention permit, mining permit, or previous holder of

an old order right or previous owner of works that has ceased to exist, remains responsible for any

environmental liability, pollution, ecological degradation, the pumping and treatment of extraneous

water, compliance to the conditions of the environmental authorisation and the management and

sustainable closure thereof, until the Minister has issued a closure certificate in terms of this Act to the

holder or owner concerned [own emphasis].

Important to note here is that the MPRDA specifically speaks to the holder of a right or permit. Even if

the right or permit has ceased to exist the holder remains responsible for any environmental liability

associated with their activities until a closure certificate is granted. As mentioned earlier, this is at odds

with the NEMA which states that the liabilities associated with mining activities remain with the holders

of the rights or permits notwithstanding the issuing of a closure certificate.

4.1.3.1 MPRDA Regulations (GN R537) The MPRDA Regulations (GN R537 of 23 April 2004) regulate the procedures and criteria for mining

related activities as set out in the MPRDA.

The MPRDA Regulations set out the principles for mine closure in Section 56 as follows:

In accordance with applicable legislative requirements for mine closure, the holder of a prospecting

right, mining right, retention permit or mining permit must ensure that -


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a) The closure of a prospecting or mining operation incorporates a process which must start at

the commencement of the operation and continue throughout the life of the operation;

b) Risks pertaining to environmental impacts must be quantified and managed pro-actively, which

includes the gathering of relevant information throughout the life of a prospecting or mining

operation;

c) The safety and health requirements in terms of the Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996 (Act No.

29 of 1996) are complied with;

d) Residual and possible latent environmental impacts are identified and quantified;

e) The land is rehabilitated, as far as is practicable, to its natural state, or to a predetermined and

agreed standard or land use which conforms with the concept of sustainable development; and

f) Prospecting or mining operations are closed efficiently and cost effectively.

The Regulations also set out the procedure for applying for a closure certificate in Section 57 when a

mine reaches its LOM.

4.1.4 Mine Health and Safety Act (Act No. 29 of 1996) (MHSA)

The Mine Health and Safety Act (Act No. 29 of 1996) (MHSA) was enacted to provide for the protection

of the health and safety of employees and other persons at mines. The act seeks to promote a culture

of safe and healthy work environments in the South African mining sector. The act further seeks to

regulate employers' and employees' duties to identify hazards; to eliminate, control and minimise the

risk to health and safety; to entrench the right to refuse to work in dangerous conditions; and to give

effect to the public international law obligations of the Republic relating to mining health and safety.

According to Section 2(2) of the act the MHSA applies to the mine until a closure certificate is awarded

as per Section 43 of the MPRDA:

The employer of a mine that is not being worked, but in respect of which a closure certificate in terms

of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources and Development Act has not been issued, must take

reasonable steps to continuously prevent injuries, ill-health, loss of life or damage of any kind from

occurring at or because of the mine.

This section of the act highlights that the employer of a mine remains liable for any injuries, ill-health,

loss of life or damage of any kind occurring at or because of the mine until a mine closure certificate

has been awarded. Not only are they liable but they must take reasonable steps to continuously prevent

any of these incidents from occurring.


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4.1.5 National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) (NWA)

The National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) (NWA) aims to ensure the protection and sustainable use

of South Africa’s water resources. The three main pillars of the NWA are sustainability, equity and

efficiency. The NWA requires that any activity which might impact on water resources apply for a

Section 21 Water Use License (WUL).

The NWA also enforces the idea of the polluter pay principle. Section 19(1) of the NWA states that:

“An owner of land, a person in control of land or a person who occupies or uses the land on which –

(a) any activity or process is or was performed or undertaken; or

(b) any other situation exists,

which causes, has caused or is likely to cause pollution of a water resource, must take all reasonable

measures to prevent any such pollution from occurring, continuing or recurring.”

One of the main impacts most mining activities have is on the surrounding water resources. It is

therefore vitally important that the possible impacts these mines may have on the water resources is

investigated. Tendele has undertaken a number of comprehensive hydrogeological studies at Somkhele

specifically with a focus on the latent effects of latent effects on the groundwater.

4.2 Closure Assumptions

Based on the location of the facility close to populated areas the following assumptions with respect to

the removal of facilities have been taken:

• Brick buildings and infrastructure serving as offices can be put to beneficial use upon closure

of the mine and thus should not be removed if there is an adequate use for these buildings

post-closure. This “adequate use” should be determined before final closure and rehabilitation

measures are formally implemented;

• If an agreement is to be reached with the community and or any other organization to take

over the occupation of one or more buildings, then a formal agreement to that extent needs

to be entered into and signed by all parties concerned. The DMR also needs to be alerted to

this fact, and adequate legal arrangements need to be made in this regard;

• The final land-use for the rehabilitated mining areas is envisaged to be grazing;

• All temporary office structures (i.e. container offices) will be removed at no cost to the mine’

however the footprint must be rehabilitated;


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• Steel structures, electrical and mechanical machinery have a residual scrap value which will

result in removal by scrap dealers at no cost to the party responsible for rehabilitation of the

mine;

• The processing plant will be removed in its entirety; and

• All haul and access roads will be rehabilitated unless the community wishes for them to

remain.

5 FINAL LAND USE The final land use will be a combination of grazing and a return to the pre-mining vegetation. The use

of land for grazing has been identified as an important end of mine use by the surrounding community.

6 SOIL USE AND SOIL BALANCE Topsoil is a critical component in ensuring effective rehabilitation. Somkhele initiated soil management

from the initiating of the mine. As mining progresses, the management of soils needs to be evaluated.

Stockpiles of soils cannot be utilized until mining has been completed resulting in topsoil stockpiles lying

dormant for extended period of time. The soil management measures initially written for Somkhele

mine are still relevant and addresses the management for soils.

6.1 Pre-mining Land Capability

6.1.1 Description of land capability

Arable Land Capability

In general, the land with arable potential comprises those areas where soils have a fair to moderate

dryland production potential. These are relatively deep soils located on gentle to moderate slopes. The

soils should typically be well drained with a low to moderate erosion hazard and few to slight tillage

constraints.

Grazing Land Capability

Generally, areas of grazing land capability are covered by relatively shallow soils. They occur in

bottomland areas and drainage ways that are not permanently wet or on steeper slopes. These soils

may be susceptible to erosion, have a low moisture capacity and possible salinity hazards.


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Wetland Capability

The wetland soils in the Somkhele Anthracite Mine area are those located immediately adjacent to

perennial and non-perennial streams and other drainage lines. Areas of wetland capability are generally

seasonally or permanently wet and occur where the water table is perched. There are only small non-

perennial streams and drainage lines that traverse the site, with narrow wetland areas associated with

them.

Wilderness Land Capability

In general, wilderness land comprises very steep, rugged slopes and areas underlain by very shallow

soils or rock outcrop.

6.2 Pre Mining Land Capability summary

Table 3 Area 1 pre mining land capability summary Land Capability Class Area (ha) Percentage Cover

Arable 200 ha 36 %

Grazing 55 ha 10 %

Wilderness 254 ha 46 %

Wetland 44 ha 8 %

Total 553 ha 100 %

Table 4 Land Capability Area 2

Land Capability Class Area (ha) Percentage Cover

Arable 60 ha 18 %

Grazing 154 ha 48 %

Wilderness 35 ha 11 %

Wetland 76 ha 23 %

Total 326 ha 100 %

Generally pre-mining soils and land capability and grazing. In Area 2 and predominantly wilderness in Area 1. This is outlined by the volumes of topsoil stockpiled.

6.3 Soil Depth

The thickness of the topsoil ranges between 0,15 and 0,60 metres. It is generally in the order of 0,30 to 0,50 metres. The effective soil depth, or rooting depth (depth to refusal of auger on gravels or rock) is variable. The soil depths of the various soil types are tabulated below.

Table 5 Effective depth of soils occurring at Somkhele Soil Form Topsoil Thickness (m) Total Soil Depth (m)

Milkwood 0,15 to 0,35 0,15 to 0,35

Mispah 0,20 to 0,40 0,20 to 0,40

Mayo 0,15 to 0,35 0,30 to 0,60

Glenrosa 0,15 to 0,35 0,30 to 0,55

Bonheim 0,20 to 0,60 0,80 to > 1,2

Valsrivier 0,30 to 0,35 > 2,00

Willowbrook 0,40 to 0,50 0,70 to >1,10

Cartref 0,20 0,30 to 0,50

Sterkspruit 0,20 to 0,25 0,50 to >0,70

Estcourt 0,40 > 2,00


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Clovelly 0,30 to 0,45 0,60 to 0,80

Dundee 0,5 >1,20

Soil Utilization Guide

The system of mining will be the roll over method, implying that the soils stripped from the initial cut

will need to be stockpiled. These stockpiles will help create the diversion berms. However at each

successive cut taken, the soils stripped will be used to top dress the previous cut. In this way, the soils

can be replaced in a position very close to that from which they were taken, with a minimal impact. The

structure of the dry, well-drained soils is unlikely to be affected other than by some compaction.

However, dewatering of the clay rich soils of the bottomland areas, could result in the formation of clay

clods and excessive compaction. Cultivation to break these clods will be necessary on rehabilitation.

The soils that are stripped and stockpiled for use in the final backfill will need to be protected so as to

minimize wind and water erosion (drainage), as well as any compaction.

If the mining method is changed, and the soils are to be stockpiled for any length of time, the stockpiles

will need to be protected against erosion. This will most probably be done by hydroseeding the

stockpiles, in order to re-vegetate the soils.

Due to the varied nature of the soils in the area mapped, it is important that the bottomland soils are

stockpiled separately from the better drained, moderately productive soils.

Foundations will have to be prepared for all access roads and stockpile positions, as well as designing a

suitable drainage system so as to prevent loss of materials by storm water erosion.

Due to generally shallow topsoil layers over a large portion of the site, the topsoil volumes stripped

from the mining area will be lower than the amounts needed for rehabilitation. This may necessitate

the import of topsoil from a borrow area to supplement in-situ topsoil during site rehabilitation. This

has two secondary implications – the cost of importing the topsoil and the environmental requirements

that need to be met when developing a new borrow area.

Long-term Soil Impacts

Provided that proper rehabilitation and soil amelioration is undertaken, it is anticipated that the

condition of the soils will improve as natural soil processes, such as nutrient cycling, re-establish. Over

time soil profiles are expected to reinstate but are unlikely to return to their pre-mining condition.


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Erosion, compaction and sodicity complications may arise if rehabilitation is not properly carried out.

To ensure that these impacts do not arise, regular monitoring and maintenance will be required until

such time as the rehabilitated areas are stable. When soils are replaced, soil structure may be altered

and soil depth will be decreased as soil material may be sourced from the mining area to rehabilitate

other areas (e.g. discard dump) and to backfill the opencast void.

Long-term Land Capability Impacts

Long-term land capability impacts are unlikely to arise provided that rehabilitation of the site is carried

out properly and as specified in Section 6. Failure of the rehabilitation may compromise returning the

land to grazing land capability so regular monitoring and maintenance will be required until such time

as the rehabilitated areas are stable to ensure that this impact does not arise.

Control of Soil Contamination:

• Ensure that soil is stripped prior to mining;

• Ensure that soil is stockpiled in a position away areas where it could be contaminated;

• Long-term stockpiles are to be position upslope of the mining area;

• Short-term stockpiles are to be temporarily located adjacent to the pit;

• Clean up spills of hazardous materials such as oil, grease, diesel, etc. by removing the

contaminated substrate or through treating with a suitable absorbents such as Drizit or Peat

Sorb; and

• Minimise contact of soil with above-ambient pyrite layers.

The requirements for site rehabilitation as a whole are addressed in this section i.e. soil amelioration,

revegetation and erosion control.

Ideally site rehabilitation should be ongoing and progress with the roll-over method. However, because

rehabilitation of the individual mining blocks is not economical and practical, a system is devised

whereby the rehabilitation of entire mining strips is undertaken instead. To ensure that the previously

backfilled areas are not exposed to erosion, leaching and weed infestation in the delay period time

between backfilling and rehabilitation, a two phase approach is to be followed i.e:

• Immediately after the backfilling of a mining block, the temporary rehabilitation procedures

will to be followed;


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• Once an entire mining strip has been mined and backfilled, final rehabilitation procedures will

be implemented.

(i) Temporary Rehabilitation

Hand broadcast the following seed mix over the backfilled area:

Eragrostis tef Tef 8 kg/ha

Melilotus alba Sweet clover 8 kg/ha

Add 2:3:2 (30) NPK fertiliser (slow release) at a rate of 30 g/m2. Water the area.

Eragrostis tef, as an annual species, will germinate quickly to serve as a nurse crop and will rapidly

establish a cover of vegetation to protect the soil surface. Melilotus alba, a leguminous plant, will assist

in raising soil nitrogen levels by fixing nitrogen from the air. To do this, inoculated Melilotus alba seed

must be used (i.e. seed inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi). The plant cover formed by these two species

will be sufficient to protect the soil surface until such time as final rehabilitation can be implemented.

Final Rehabilitation

Contouring and Shaping

All backfilled areas will be contoured and shaped to be consistent with the surrounding landscape.

The backfilled opencast areas will be backfilled and shaped to emulate the pre-mining topography as

far as possible. The backfilled areas will be slightly convex so as to encourage runoff and minimise

infiltration. The convex shape must not be visually obtrusive.

Slopes will not exceed a gradient of 1 in 3.

Mounds and hollows will be evened out during the contouring and shaping process to prevent the

ponding of water.

Physical Amelioration

Physical amelioration of the substrates will be required to mitigate long-term compaction impacts. The

following will be required in order to prepare the substrate, improve drainage and aeration, enable

plant root penetration.

Rip all areas with a bulldozer to a depth of 0.5 m to produce deep fracturing and loosen compacted

areas.


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Till the surface with a disk-harrow (or similar) to a depth of 20 cm to break and crush surface clods.

During physical preparation of the soil, the temporary plant cover will be ploughed into the soil to serve

as a source of organic matter.

Chemical Amelioration

Chemical amelioration of the substrates will be required to mitigate long-term contamination impacts.

In particular, the following problems will need to be ameliorated: high salt concentrations, possibly

saline and sodic conditions, altered (acidic) pH, poor nutrient status and sterile conditions. The exact

requirements for chemical amelioration can only be defined after sample collection and analysis to

verify the extent of pollution and leaching that has occurred. However, it is expected that the following

will be required to meet the known deficiencies and potential pollution problems:

• Applications of organic mulch;

• Applications of limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) (28) or similar; and

• Applications of 2:3:2 (30) NPK + Zn.

Organic mulch applications will assist in stabilising the substrate, reducing erosion and surface crusting,

increasing nutrient content of the substrate and will aid the establishment of vegetation. During

physical amelioration procedures, the temporary plant cover will be ploughed into the substrate as a

source of organic matter. This will be supplemented by an additional straw mulch (or similar)

applications.

LAN applications will assist with neutralising pH in addition to boosting levels of nitrogen. The NPK

fertiliser will raise essential plant nutrients to the required concentrations.

It is recommended that the organic matter (straw mulch) and LAN/2:3:2 applications be applied using

a process of vertical mulching. The purpose of vertical mulching is to incorporate an organic ameliorant

through a vertical slot into the soil about 10 to 20 cm deep. The vertical mulching will:

improve the drainage characteristics of the soils so that leaching of the salts can be facilitated;

improve the structure and organic matter content of the soils.

The organic matter and LAN/2:3:2 should be applied simultaneously through the vertical mulching in a

criss-cross pattern using a ripper tine or similar.


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Species and Rates of Application

The Department of Agriculture have stipulated that no improved pastures are to be planted as this will

result in selective grazing. In keeping with this requirement, and in attempting to restore the area to

grazing land status, the following species mix is recommended. Rates of application of each species are

also given:

Cynodon dactylon Kweek 4kg/ha

Digitaria eriantha Finger grass 3kg/ha

Eragrostis tef Tef 8kg/ha

Chloris gayana Rhodes grass 4kg/ha

Eragrostis curvula Love grass 4 kg/ha

Harvested seed 3 kg/ha

The basis for the species selected is as follows:

Eragrostis tef: Annual species and ‘nurse crop’ which will establish rapidly and form a cover of

vegetation that will encourage the establishment of perennial species.

Eragrostis curvula: Tufted perennial pioneer species that is common in the area and adapts well to poor soil

conditions.

Digitaria eriantha: Tufted perennial climax grass that is highly palatable.

Cynodon dactylon: Stoloniferous, mat-forming, tolerant perennial that will protect the surface against erosion.

Chloris gayana: Stoloniferous perennial.

Harvested seed: Adds a ‘local’ flavour. The genetic properties of the surrounding veld will be represented in the

rehabilitated community.

The grass seed must be sourced from a reputable seed supplier. All seed types recommended are

commercially available. The viability of the seed must be proven.

Harvested seed can be obtained from the surrounding veld using a mini harvester or manual methods.

Application

The following application methodology should be followed:

• Calculate the proportional volume/weight of each seed type relative to the area to be

revegetated and measure out the required amount.

• Apply the seed via hand broadcast method.


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• Ensure that seed is evenly distributed to prevent over-seeding of some areas and under-

seeding of others. To overcome this, divide the target seeding area into smaller portions (e.g.

fifths) and do the same for the total volume of seed.

• Thoroughly mix the seed in the bucket before each broadcast (this will ensure even mixing of

the various seed types with differential weights).

• Lightly rake the seeded areas to bury the seed slightly.

• Roll the area once with a light roller.

• All seeded areas must be thoroughly watered.

Timing and Areas

Final rehabilitation should take place within 6 to 8 months of the temporary rehabilitation. By delaying

final rehabilitation procedures slightly, it will be possible to implement final rehabilitation over a larger

area at one time thus making it more economical in terms of equipment hire, labour and materials

purchase. A buffer zone between the active mining area and the target rehabilitation area should be

maintained so as to reduce the risk of mining activities disrupting the completed rehabilitation.

The ideal seeding time is October as this coincides with the start of the Spring/Summer rains, lower

surface temperatures (as opposed to high January/February temperatures which could potentially

result in germination failure) and the approximate timing of the natural seeding process. However,

since rehabilitation will be conducted on a continuous basis as mining progresses, the rehabilitation

timing requirement cannot always be achieved. It is, however, recommended that no seeding take

place during the period May to July as there is strong chance that low surface temperatures and a lack

of precipitation will result in germination failure. Seeding should be limited to the period beginning

August to end April.

7 CLOSURE ACTIONS The following closure actions will be undertaken once the mining activities at Somkhele have ceased.

These closure actions are outlined in Section 1.1 from the EMPR.

7.1 Preparation Prior to Rehabilitation

• Rehabilitation should preferably be undertaken before the first rains start in order to prevent

erosion;


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• The side slopes of steep areas are to be graded to a slope of approximately 1:3 (or unless

otherwise stated) in order to prevent excessive erosion and to allow vegetation to establish

sufficient root growth and in line with Health and safety requirements for closure;

• All excess rock is to be removed from the slopes of these areas in order to allow for sufficient

root growth and for vegetation to take hold;

• Side slopes of the rehabilitation area are to be covered by topsoil sourced from the topsoil

stockpiles;

• The layer of topsoil on the side slopes and other areas should be approximately 300 mm thick

to aid plant growth and assist in re-generation of indigenous plants;

• After application of the topsoil, Hessian socks should be installed in order to prevent erosion

of the topsoil, increase soil stability and supply secure substrate for seed germination on any

area which has a slope of greater than 1:4. These Hessian socks should be placed at 500mm

intervals along the contours which are filled with a seeding mixture.

7.2 Re-Vegetation

• A grass mixture utilising endemic grasses should be utilised in the seeding process.

• Re-vegetation should take ideally take place during spring and summer where plant growth

is at its maximum.

• If self-succession of grass does not occur, fertilisers must be used to promote growth.

7.3 Maintenance

• Along the crest of steep gradients a 1 meter high Hessian screen should be placed around

the facility to assist with the trapping of seeds and to protect the crest from wind erosion;

• Regular application of fertiliser should take place in order to ensure efficient establishment

of vegetation cover until such time as sufficient organic matter is being produced by the

established grasses to allow for self-sustaining growth;

• The process of Unification can be utilised to ensure a constant supply of organic compost

(fertiliser). This entails the establishment of a compost heap, where cleared indigenous

organic matter is stored and allowed to break down naturally to the point of resembling

garden compost.


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7.4 Discard and Slurry

The tailings facility would need to be compacted to ensure that seepage into the facility is minimal. It is

recommended that prior to closure an engineered capping be designed. The objectives of this capping

will be to:

• Prevent moisture entering the facility;

• Reduce the potential of oxidation; and

• Ensure storm water measures are designed

In the case of premature mine closure, the tailings facilities will be closed as follows.

• Slurry will be allowed to harden to develop a crust. Geotechnical investigations will need to be

performed to ensure shear strength of slurry is sufficient to place material on top.

• Inert Material will be placed on top of hardened tailings to shape into the existing topography

and to ensure that facility is free draining.

• An engineered liner will be required to ensure that minimal water enters the system.

• Existing pollution control facilities will remain

8 WATER MANAGEMENT

Rehabilitation of water related management outlined below. The Relinquishment criteria for pollution

control facilities is summarized in Table 7 and Table 8.

8.1 Pollution Control Ponds

Numerous ponds have been constructed around the site to aid with stormwater management and to

ensure the effective reticulation of water for mining operations.

The ponds which are not on any drainage lines or watercourses will be filled with inert material, top

soiled and grassed. No backfilling of material which has the potential to oxidise should be used. This

includes:

• Slurry/Discard or mine residue;

• Shale material extracted from mining operations; and

• Soils contaminated with hydrocarbons.

The area must be profiled to ensure it is free draining and vegetated to reduce the possibility of erosion.


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8.2 Clean Water Storage Dams

Myenge 2 and River Dam are licensed as clean water storage dams. It Is the intention to rehabilitate

River Dam as it is operated as a transfer station for river water pumped from the Mfolozi.

8.2.1 River Dam

The river dam is a void in the ground and should be rehabilitated using inert materials. No backfilling

of material which has the potential to oxidise should be used. This includes:

• Slurry/Discard or mine residue.

• Shale material extracted from mining operations.

• Soils contaminated with hydrocarbons.

The area must be profiled to ensure it is free draining and vegetated to reduce the possibility of erosion.

8.2.2 Myenge 2 Dam

Myenge 2 dam is located on the upper catchment of the Myenge Non-perineal drainage line. The

intention is the leave this dam which will be utilized by the community for livestock and water supply.

The long term risk of dam failure is extremely unlikely as the dam wall is approximately 350 meters

thick. Dam safety should be conducted upon final closure to provide written assurance on the risk the

dam poses.

.


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Table 6 Actions and Responsibilities Rehabilitation Area/s Actions Objectives Responsible party(ies)

Topsoil and revegetate footprint

Encourage re-vegetation Facilitate the reintroduction of indigenous vegetation Topsoil to a minimum depth of 300mm (30cm)

Rehabilitation contractor Mine Management Hydro-seeding contractor

Buildings and infrastructure – Plant area, mine area and surrounds

Demolish all steel, mechanical, electrical, concrete and brick structures

Dismantle mine related infrastructure Demolish all concrete, brick and/or gravel foundations, slabs, pavements, roadways Dismantle all fencing for recycling or metal scrapping Remove all fuel storage facilities (tanks, reticulation etc…) and have them removed by an accredited fuel handling company. The foundations of all buildings that will be removed should be removed to a depth of 0.5m

Rehabilitation contractor Mine Management

Transport rubble and dispose in pit

All building rubble should be adequately disposed of in the open pits.


Buildings and infrastructure – Footprints

Rip and Scarify plant area and all other building and paved footprint areas

Loosen soil Aid germination of seeds and encourage roots to take hold


Topsoil and revegetate footprints

Topsoil to a minimum depth of 300mm (30cm) where required. Re-vegetate using flora endemic to the Somkhele

Rehabilitation contractor Hydro-seeding contractor Mine Management

Haul and access roads

Rip and Scarify Demolish all haul and access roads (rip and scarify to loosen soil) Encourage plant growth and natural seeding (encourage roots to take hold) Aid germination of seeds


Topsoil and revegetate Return areas back to natural vegetation state (restore land for potential grazing purposes) Manually plant and re-vegetate with indigenous flora

Rehabilitation contractor Hydro-seeding contractor Mine Management

Mining voids, shape and fill Opencast voids fill and shape Fill in all mining voids with waste rock and buildings and infrastructure rubble Shape area to blend with natural contours



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9 RELINQUISHMENT CRITERIA The relinquishment criteria for each of the closure actions are listed below. It is recommended that

these closure criteria be updated as Somkhele nears the end of mining operations.

9.1 Slurry and discard Facility

At closure the tailing facility will be shaped, capped and revegetated. The completion criteria for the

slurry and discard facilities is shown in Table 7.

Table 7 Completion criteria for the Slurry and Discard Facility Rehabilitation Action Completion Objective Rehabilitation Works Completion Criteria

Discard and Slurry. (Pit A and Pit BDE)

Geotechnically stable and safe

Sloping of facility Slope is of an angle that is deemed safe by an expert. They should not exceed 1:3

Free-draining and non-polluting

Cap discard dump to ensure no infiltration of runoff

Facility should be capped with an appropriate capping material determined closer to decommissioning of the facility

Establish native vegetation cover

Topsoil placement, ripping and vegetate

Establishment of endemic grasses on >85%

Blending of the final landform

Removal of pipping and other infrastructure

All pipping and infrastructure are removed from the facility and recycled or used for scrap

9.2 Pollution Control Dams (PCDs)

All dams (apart from the RWD) are to be completely flattened and removed. The dam walls and any

side supporting walls are to be flattened into the basins of the dam, in order to fill in the hole left by

the dam, and to dispose of the dam and all of its material. The completion criteria for the PCDs are

shown in Table 8

Table 8 Completion Criteria for PCDs Rehabilitation Action Completion Objective Rehabilitation Works Completion Criteria

Pollution Control Dams Establish native vegetation cover


Establishment of endemic Vegetation on >85% of surface

Blending of the final landform

Removal of pipping and other infrastructure

All pipping, plastic liners and infrastructure are removed from the facility and recycled or used for scrap


15-156 27 April 2018 P a g e | 36

9.3 Buildings & Infrastructure

The main actions involve demolishing and removing all infrastructure that will not be handed over to a

third party. Any structures that are deeper than 500mm can be left in situ once they have been made

safe (i.e. sealed). All disturbed areas should then be ripped, top soiled and revegetated.

9.4 Haul and Access Roads

Any structures that are deeper than 500mm can be left in situ once they have been made safe (i.e.

sealed). All disturbed areas should then be ripped, top soiled and revegetated.

9.5 Mining Voids

The current rehabilitation program requires the remaining voids to be backfilled with waste rock, top

soiled and vegetated. The possibility of creating ponds for water storage is currently being investigated.

The completion criteria for the voids are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 Completion criteria for the mining voids Rehabilitation Action

Completion Objective Rehabilitation Works Completion Criteria

Mining Voids Geotechnically stable and safe

Backfilled with waste rock Shaped to contour and ripped to appropriate depth

Free-draining and non-polluting

Sloped and shaping Shaped to ensure runoff is directed away from the rehabilitated pits

Establish native vegetation cover


Establishment of endemic vegetation on >85% of surface

9.6 Rehabilitation Assessment Sign Off

When the completion criteria have been achieved, Somkhele will undertake the following steps:

• Engage suitably qualified and experienced consultants to complete a final rehabilitation

assessment and record findings to ensure all objectives have been met;

• Arrange for a meeting with relevant Government agencies to obtain consensus that the

necessary requirements have been fulfilled and that no further work is required; and

• Conduct a basic environment assessment as per the EIA regulations and submit this alongside

the application for a closure certificate.


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10 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS The monitoring, auditing and reporting requirements which relate to the risk assessment, legal

requirements and knowledge gaps are detailed below.

10.1 External Audit Schedule

The details of the external audit schedule for the next 12 months are provided in Table 10.

Table 10 External Audit Schedule Audit to be undertaken Responsible

Person Date of Audit

Frequency of Audit

Approach

Licence: Water Use Licence in terms of Chapter 4 of the NWA

Consultant. HSE Manager

November 2017

Yearly Background Assessment; Site Visit; and Evaluation of Compliance Reporting

Performance Assessment: Somkhele Environmental management Programme Report –

Consultant. HSE Manager

December 2017

Yearly Background Assessment; Site Visit; and Evaluation of Compliance Reporting

10.2 Monitoring Plan

10.2.1 Water Quality Monitoring

Groundwater and surface water monitoring at the operations are currently undertaken according to

the requirements of the operations’ approved WUL. The locations of the monitoring points are shown

in Figure 10-1 and Figure 10-2. Water Monitoring is conducted quarterly by consultants.

10.2.2 Dust Monitoring

Dust Monitoring is conducted by external consultants. The location of the dust buckets is outlined in

Figure 10-3


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Figure 10-1 Area 2 and Area 8 Monitoring Points


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Figure 10-2 Area 1 Monitoring Points


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Figure 10-3: Dust Monitoring Location


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the dme Depanmont Minerals and Ene11Jy REi>IJellC OF SOUTH AfRICA

APPROVAL OF THI!" ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

REPORT IN TEIRMS OF SECTION 3.9 Of THE MINERALS AND

PETROLEUM RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ACT, 2002 {ACT 28 OF

2002): TENDELE COAL MINING (PTY) LTD: COAL MINING; AREA N0.1

OF RESERVE N0.3 (SOMKHELE) 1!11122

DISTRICT: ZULULAND

I, BUYISIWE FAITH NTOKOZO NZIMANDE, duly appointed as Regional

Manager, KwaZulu-Natal in terms of section 8 of the Minerals and Petroleum

Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act 28 of 2002), hereby approve the

Environmental Mana~ment Programme Report and associated addendum

thereto in respect of coal mining.

,,sl rj SIGNED AT DURBAN THIS 2? DAY OF JLfiJEf 2007

KWAZUlll-NAT Al

Minerals and Energy for DAvelopmenl and Prosperity

Received Time 14.Aug. 18:24

DME12

f ® : ;, '

.. ,· ..

. ·.

IO:N:)Of51112/312l1!13!'1EM: i ADDENDUM 1: ENVIRONMENTAL

. MANAGEMENT ·PROGRAMMI!! REPOIU': TeNOElE COAi- MINING (PTY)

l TO: COAL MINING: AR!A ~0.1 OF llESERVE NO.S (SOMKHELE) 10022

' .. ,

This Addendum . forms part tif the EMP and Is legal end bim:!lng to the Envlro111m111WI Management P.rcgramml;l Report

The stale in Wirms of !hb Addendum No .. 1 and In terms of Sootkm 39 !h.r: . Mineral l!md Petroleum Re11ilur00$ Development Act, 2002, flhould !:hey require !'.lfl amendmen~ · h111v111he light to call for such amend~nl evsn within • · 1:1 pel'lod of three months of !lie approv!>l of !he erwlmnmental Management · Programme Report ·

. 1. PHYSICAi. ENVIRONMENT

· 1.1 The s!f'Ucluml integrity of the land and .its stablfity 'Shall .be ma1nmi11et1 at au times. . . . . . . . . .

1.2 No aetivlty may ca\me 'detericrallOn to unstable ~eall, existing ooll . . .. . erosl1m, structures r&qlllliln9 prakietfoh, or property improvemenm~ .··

· · 1. 3 .· Surface water (lri~luf.'.llng 11t~rm water) shall bl;) 'oontrol~d &o that Uie . · .. · · · · foHOWing ras(llts are &1tail'leci !lfan times: · · . . .

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1,3.1 No still ~roslon Is permlt!M to oocur . . · 1. 3.2 No. dlsooarge ~f C(in!amlryateci water is perrnitt~ Into any water . · ·

course.'·· ... :· ·· . · . . . . . . . · · 1 ;3.3 ConC!Jmmt rebabUl~lion ii fl!loillta~ Bhd not jeopardised 1.3A: Extreme rainfall e11~lite are ca~red ft>r. ·

· t .4 ·. No 11lope formed inoorii'ie¢tiori with reh1:1~11!tatlori shall s~ad a • gra~~lit of 1 :3;. · · · · · . ,' ...

· 1.5: · .. T~.minlng a~ qiuilt~ .dema~ ~y·me'mis of ~cone .

. · · · t;e • ' Reha~111ta116n $ho:r1ensure_.~atsurlaces a~e smooth ~free- ciraini~, ·· . . · .• . ahd that no tpnm: (Eimillri, , . · . . ' .· ·' . > .·· · . · ·. . ·

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J •. r.' . omy approved ai:e,el!S routes lite m ~ used. .. . . . . . . : . . '' .·, . ··: ', ' . · ... ' . :·.

i a · The a~ll poirit ~)ilu b.~ t.tpgN,ided iv ~n11tittatlon .with . and to t!'ia · · · ·. · • . ~tiS{acllori ofttie o@aitiltf!nt of Tl'anspi;:lrf*·;eost c~nt.re Manager;. · ·.·

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·. 2,j.1 ·Si>ctlorn! (19), (20),· (21), (22) and 2S(Q (g) of the NatiO~al waier Act, • . . • 1~S6 {A\lt 38 of 1998) must. be complied With. Tl1ese seeiionii relate ta ·.

··. waroi u~ge, p!illt.lllon ~ntrol 11~ pr!l11e1)!iori l!!s well as mining product •. · · • . -09ndlt!Ot\S. . . . . . · ·, · . , •. : , ... 2.1~.· rh~ proiio~tlld mining mv~t ha;e nd un11cceptap~ affeo~ on.~a qu~nli!l' .

. · . ·and quaUly of public w11ter, 11\'hlcil would include erol!ilon of hmd ·1100 .. · · · wails ra~ultln!l in. rlver s!lfation; · ·

2.1.3 No miOi~ Shall lake plac:$ on .itia bMke of@rllf rivllr·, •m. dlilm, pan .. . or .. !~a without. th.a. n.;ooa&iry ·permission in ~erm11 ·of Minero.I afld . fietrolOOm Rei;ouroos oaveropmant Act (Aet :28 of· 2002). <lM related·

· regulations, ·. · ' · ·

.4 The malhtenanoo of the emtiog ~ ro,00 must have no unacCl'Jpt~ble mfoot 011 the qui:\ritlty. and iiuall!y of i'lyer water .. ·

: . " 2.1,5 ·· The r!Elquii'&ments of hi local Departmemt of Health ooncem~ health

. rna!f:~ria. re\!jtl!lg to .tha operation mils! ~.El 11!!ictly_ oomplled with ai 'all "'.timi:m, · ·. · · · · · · ·

2. 1.8 Wdh r~spaol to !he d!Spl)ljaf of soiid ~i;te, the requ~mentli: of the oep~rtme.nt of Water Affairs 11nd Forestl)I, end Loila.I pepartrnent Qf Health must be slriotty enfcrcea .and compiled With. All solid W$1&1e ·must be d~osed o~ a! 11 permitted landfill site and the Applioant must ~fain proof of ihis. ·

:2 .1. 7 Storase of material, chemlcafs, fuels atll must not pose a risk to the !iurr.:ium:!ing environment an.d 1his includes .Surface and gtoond m1er. Tempomry:bunc:le must also be ronstruc~ around chemical or fuel storage aralJS to cont!lln poasible spllla~.

2:1.6 All slgnl~11l spllls must be reported to the Department of Wster Affairs and : Foresil\I and other relevant autfrorl!les. All spillages must be eon~llled Md cieane<J-up and all conreminaled material must be

. disposed off at.a permitted h1i1Z111rc!ot1s landfill site. ·

.2.1. 9 SUffloient funds must be made available for the complete rehabllltatlon • ofthe mining area after the cossatlon of1he mining activltleS.

2.1.10 The Department of Wat.er Affairs end !=orestry reserves the right to iniopeci the : site without prior nOlice In oroer to ensure that its f<iiqUl.remeni$ mentioned above are adhered to. Should any problem ba

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Received Time 14.Aug. 18:24

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; ·. rioteil, \ in~sliNi~ mu:! Pe und~aken 'lf®\ediawly to reoiify • . sltlJaUl;i,11. · · · ·

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. .. 11No don:iesii., or mw otl:>~t$61kl ,waste sha!I be dii:ipu!lli!d Of on site. All . ., ,· . . '·:

· • waste iembved fror\1 t.he site. ri1\lll! be dl!lposoo clt '1)t'11 permffu!id · · · · l13mif!lhiite. . • . · • . ·. ·.·, • • .. . ·. · .. · · . · ·. . . · .. •. · · ·. · . . ·. . .· ·

· .. · 2:1 · Fauna $pect!iS Shall riot be hrumed as f11r 11~ possible ..

. 2:, 1.1 ~Sprin!<lllig !~a~s rdadwith wat~ ~~Id ca1~~in thlll .potentlal ~.Ir · . < : . ~~llty i!J!Paci of aimo~ duiii j'iamclf#>. · · · · .

. . '.· - . 2.1.14 Vehicle11· 111ia11 as far ~ ~alb~ stfok to establ!shad aG!les11 routes so

.' as to flilhimize the effecta to wrrouiid!ng vege!ation. · · · .. . . .

2,1.15The oo!OO lewis must bi:. kept at a minimum level at lllitirnes by uslng ·.::orracl &il<>nce«I, · ·. · ·

.. 2~i .16 Coryiplian~ imd non-oorripll11,nernvl!h tile EMP mll$t oo reported tu tl111 . tiapariiTiimt dMinemts and Energy for necessary actions to be . ·

Undertaken. · · · · ·

. 2.1.17.lt is ~~~nded 1hat fur rel1abllitation ptiiposee, indige~CIUI! .. · · v~etal!On be usl!ld as tar aa possible. Rellabllitrion an11dJ as fa~ $!.$

;;ossible {lllllgate land (legradalicin and l~bifity. · · ., .. , . ·:·

2. 1.1 SRehabil.itation of tl1e lanq wrfaoo shall entail inter a fie l~rid!!~ilg, levelling; fop dressing, land preparation. vegetation ~bllslih!erit and milin~eruirice, and wood elimilla!ion.

2.1.19 land p1$parat!on shall include inter aria sol! ®melioranfll, org&l'lio matter, fertirmer, appropriate seed or planting stool<, and proVllllon of water.

2.1.20 N() Interference shall be made with birda. mammals; re~l6s imd other · . l'inimaJis ~t are ancountemr:I, Therefore no hunting, lml'.il'lng or fishing

·shall be pemiitted, or tile excavation of neets of wtld animals. The .K~ulu-filature Coneervelion Se!'Vicoo shall be coot.acted in this regard.

2.1.21 All alien and invasive weeds sni:tll ba eliminated eorallnuou$ly In areas which ·lulv~ baan disturbed In oonnootlon with prospectlng. Control of

· alien and invasive weeds is required in terms of the Agricultural Resources Ad. (no 43 of 1 ()Q3). Tl\& National Depa~nt of Agriculture shall be contaoted ln thie regard.

2.1.22 Such waed:e Include the following plants:

~ Black Wattle (Acacia meemsi1) )>. Blue gum (Eucalypl.us spooles)

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• .. · .. · · .. ·•· · ) Bfamb~{Ru~us <Sun~if~l;us) · · .. ·.·• · ··• ·.· · ~ !!.V4Jw~ (Solti.riiim ml'li.lritianillrJ). · ..

· > .· c;:a~o~ oil j)U~h (Flfoinus comirlitnl!i) · · Ji>~ .• Guav111• (P.siduim.guflfe_va) .. · · · · . ··

.. >:: t.anfl!oo.(4e1t\tana cam.if\il) . .· · ··. · • ·;,.· .Mexiollin sunflower (Tiihon/<1 dNe~lia) · · .• )· Momlrig gloiy cooapa~ (fpomi;a putpuice~)

'. · ii:. Mulnerty (Moms a/bfl} . ;ii.. Napier 9rai;s : · i · · ·

. ·" Peanutibush (Senna speci1>$) • .)> Pepper.~~ ($oh/flus terobfnlh!(o/iua) .·

. . »- Pel"el!kia (Per11skla acu~~)· · . · . . . . ,,,. : R.~ se$oania ( S®sbenle; pu(llcei;) · · · ~ Silver. \l\\attllll (AoaoJa deafbat.;;} ·• · · J> . Syriliga;li:oo (Melia azed8roch) ·

J> Triffid WJ,i@d (Cht0molaena oi:k:lrat<?) ·

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2.1:2s Tlia Duty of ·t~re ~rid mlri~l~t!o~ ~ ~nviro11mental d~age,cootrunioo · in S~o11 2!1 of Ille Na!lon!ll En\llronmental A~(Act 1110.1 Oi of "1998) must be.ooroplied wilh. · · ·

3. SOCIAL ENv!Rt:INMElllT . · · ·

3.1 · ··All requirements cl the l.Oa'liAutnplit)I' 1:11an be oompilea with.

3.2 . All reQUiN;~!'lfa of ti'!& Miile Health and. Sa1~ Acl (no. 29 of 1900) shall be eorrip!lad with. ' . '

3. 3 Staff operating ileavy rrwclllneiy . must mar propl!lf f'PE and the . l!q)pllcant ·mLIJst 4!!1J11Ure th~ the requirements of the OHSA Act are met

3.4 All raquiromenlll shaH be complied with ra!atlng to h~allh matters. Ttle local office ·of the [)epartment of. Health llhall be oontar.:tea in this .ri"l9atd.

3.5 ihe holder shaU have a mechanism in p!Etoe to consult with interested and affec:tect: partioo end to report 011 such lo the Department of Minerals and £11ergy, p1:1rtlcularly In reference to ths:

~ Landowner > Adjoining land owners > Looal Authority.

3.6 No landownei: or authority may request the holder to carry ou\ any activity that un1ot approved in ierms of the !:MF', or may be In confllct therewith.

3.'1' Houro ofwork~hall be clearly.dlspfayed.

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.'4, 1 ·· I unde(t~ to ·¢&np1y .with sll !he prov!S!Ons .of th~ Addendum ilnd · EMP, !o. the smli;f<ic!lon. of !he Regional Mooeger, KW<\ZUlu..Natal>' . ' . . . . . . . . . .

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4.2 I undaiia~ '10 make :al! empioyoo/:i a11.d eqntractors aware of .the .. . neool>S!iiy pri»viiiions.: · · · ·

·. · 4.3 1 1.1ndaf!il!and t~i.11 LstiaU not psrm1t any actM!y to oocUr tn~i Is ~ot · · aj)prov~ ln !emu;; oft~ !;:MP. · . , . · · · · · ·

! underatand lhatl may apply ro Ille Reglon11d Manager, KwaZulu-Na!~! · .. to have Ille EMP ame11d11d, flhou!d the. nooessi!Y. s~ia®: ·

. 4.~ . i !Iha!! mmain liable fw eornplying ~Ith tli~ (eie~~t.i:ii~vlslOOs ofthe .Mineral aoo .. Petroleum Re.11ouroes Developmenf Ml, ·2002, · IVitn · ~Peet ti> !his property, until"' ~rttlltab~·1s l!1$u~d in term& of Seetlcn 43 of the.Act. . . . .

4.6 1 understand lh~I in. terms of Section 16, 22, ·21 of the Mineral and Petroleum :Rtomi:iorees Oelielopmsnt Act, 2002, the Reglom:il Manager,

· · ·• ··. KwiiZulu~mal should. be a:;itllfied with lllY ab!lity (to proVil:le for) · oP!lmeJ mining i;md reh1.11l~itatlo11, In order to i.\;slie a proopecllng

eul!Jorts<:1!lon, · · ·

4.7 ln respect of Regu!at!on 41 ofthe Mineral and Petroleum Development Ac!, 2002, I shall. c:onoult with an axpart and provid0 updated finam:ial provision onee .annually, to th1.1 eatlsfootkm of the Regional. Manager, · KwaZulu-Natal.

4.8 . In r@Spect of Regulations 55 of the Mineral al'lcl Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002, I shall mf>nllor the mining operation In ll'lrms of lhe EMF' coniinuoualy, and submit a report lo the Regional Manager, KW111Zulu-l\lat1:11 once In tw(l years.

4.9 The cond!lions afulch41tl aooord!ng to the general Authorization in Terms of Motlol'J 30 of the.Natlonal Water Act 1998(Acl No. 38 1998):

· Section 2(!), Alten11g tl'le bed bank3 or characteristlcs of water course must be ;;i~hered to all the time .

•. . 4, 10- 'I undertakti! to eorn;ult with experts should I requlre further assistance lo comply With the EMP. · .

Received time1lf4.Au&. IB.:24

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4:f1. .1 he(j:iiJy d~.d~~ ih"t 1 1!1ide~11d 1f1e: conienb · · Add~ndum, anddllly.etimmll t.o oompl)I therewltli:

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Documents

APPENDIX 13 - gcs-sa.biz · APPENDIX 13 . EMP (REFER TO APPENDIX 11) Somkhele Rehabilitation Strategy and Implementation Plan Report Version