(appendix 4-1) Under the Creation and Furtherance of Arboretums

Jour. Korean For. Soc. Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 1~21 (2013)

1

JOURNAL OF KOREAN FOREST SOCIETY

11 21*1 , 2

A Reconsideration of the List of National Endemic Plants (appendix 4-1) Under the Creation and Furtherance of

Arboretums Act Proposed by Korea Forest Service

Soo Kyung Park1, Hee-Young Gil1, Hui Kim2 and Chin-Sung Chang1*1Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,

Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea2Department of Medicinal Plants Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun,

Jeollanam-do 534-729, Korea

: ( )

. 2005

, 2011 [ 1 4]

.

. 527, 360

(107) (416) 286

80% . , 67

(18.7%), 14(3.9%),

12(3.4%) 4 1(24.9%) . ,

(, unresolved candidates) 73(19.6%),

196(55.5%) 59(16.5%) . ,

, ,

.

,

.

Abstract: The existence of endemism in many parts of the world is an important factor for conservationists.

Conservation can only be carried out under national legislation, and national endemics, which have very limited

ranges, fully depend on the effort and success of conservation. A total of 523 vascular plant taxa were listed

in the latest national checklist by Ministry of Environment in 2005, while the Creation and Furtherance of

Arboretums Act including a national endemic list (appendix 4-1) was established by Korea Forest Service and

was legislated as a law in late 2011. This legislation by Korea Forest Service on endemism of Korean vascular

plants have required much attention because of discrepancies of nomenclature, taxonomic bias and inflation.

Examining data for both lists proposed by Ministry of Environment and Korea Forest Service, of the total of

360 legislated taxa, around 286 taxa are shared with the list of Ministry of Environment, of which about 80%

have been found as common taxa. Around 67(18.7%) are typographic errors, and 14 taxa (3.9%) are recorded

as illegitimate and invalidly published names. Through this analysis 12 taxa (3.4%) were found in China as well

as in Korea and these are thought to be non Korean endemic taxa. Taken together, the legislated list displayed

1/4 (24.9%) errors out of the total list. Only 59 taxa (16.5%) are identified as national endemic species. The

remainder are either unresolved candidates (73 taxa, 20.4%) or synonyms (196 taxa, 54.7%) status. It must be

noted, that the concept of endemism very much depends on the knowledge of the species concept, taxonomic

*Corresponding authorE-mail: [email protected]

2 102 1 (2013)

bias and geographical range of a species. Also, the most major nomenclatural problem tend to be more stable

if the information on database about Korea Plant Name, which is managed by Korea National Arboretum are

well updated year to year. These exaggerated numbers underscore the urgency for regional conservation planning

and implementing effective strategies to preserve these real endemic taxa into the future.

Key words : creation and furtherance of arboretums act, endemic species, Korean peninsula, nomenclature

( )

IUCN .

,

(Kruckeberg and Rabinowitz, 1985; Townsend et

al., 1998),

(bias)

. ,

,

, ,

.

Lee(1982)

, Paik(1994; 1999), Kim(2004), Kim et

al.(2009) , 10

(Lee et al., 1996; Oh et al.

2005) (Ministry of Environment,

2005, Kwon et al., 2011)

.

,

,

2011

[ 1 4]

(Creation and Furtherance of Arboretums Act. 2011).

,

, ,

,

.

(scientific name) , ,

(ICN; International Code of Nomenclature for algae,

fungi, and plants) . ,

,

(validly published name)

,

(legitimate name) (McNeill et al., 2012).

, , (

) (correct name accepted

name) .

(nomen nudum)

(illegitimate combination),

(invalidly published names) ,

(=Code;

McNeill et al., 2012)

(Chang et al., 2009).

(Chang and Kim, 2002;

Chang et al., 2009).

360

()

(Ministry of Environment, 2005, Kwon et al., 2011)

1 ,

.

(Kwon et al., 2011) (Creation

and Furtherance of Arboretums Act, 2011)

,

.

.

360

(Chang et al., 2011; Park, 2007)

, Kew The Plant List(http://

www.theplantlist.org/)

[Cho and Choi, 2011; Chung, 2012; Fuse

et al., 2004; Hyun et al., 2003; Jang et al., 1995,

1999; Kim et al., 2009; Kim, 2004a; Kim et al., 2010;

Ko et al., 2006; Lee and Ko, 2009; Lee and Im, 2007;

3

Table 1. Comparison of two independent lists of endemic plantsproposed by Ministry of Environment and Korea Forest

Services.

Ministry of Environment

Korea Forest Service

Number of forms (%) 107(20.5%) 000

Number of concordant species (%, excluding forms)

286(68.7%) 286 (79.7%)

Number of non concordant species (%, excluding forms)

130 (27.7%) 088 (24.5%)

Number of subtotal species (excluding forms)

416 358

Number of total species 523 358

Table 3. Typographic and orthographic errors on the list of national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under the Creation and

Furtherance of Arboretums Act.

Scientific Name Vernacular Typographic or orthographic error

1 Achillea ptrarmica var. acuminata (Ledeb) Heimerl ptarmica

2 Aconitium chiisanense Nakai Aconitum

3 Aconogonon brachytrichum (Ohwi) Sojak. brachytrichum, (correction of family name)

4 Adenophora erecta S.T. Lee S. Lee, J. Lee & S. Kim

5 Adenophora kayasanensis Kitam Kitam.

6 Adenophora Koreana Kitam koreana, Kitam.

7 Adenophora obovata Kitam Kitam.

8 Adenophora pulchra Kitam Kitam.

9 Adenophora racemaosa J.K. Lee & S.T. Lee racemosa

10 Anemone korainsis Nakai koraiensis

11 Arundinaria munsuensis Y.N. Lee (correction of family name)

12 Asarum maculatum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim Asarum misandrum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim

13 Asperella coreanus (Honda) Neski coreana, (Honda) Nevski [Hystrix coreana (Honda) Ohwi]

14 Asperula lasiantha Nakai Asperula lasiantha

15 Boehmeria quelpaertense Satake quelpaertensis

16 Calamagrostis paishanensis Nakai (correction of family name)

17 Calamagrostis subacrochaeta Nakai (correction of family name)

18Calamagrostis arundinacea subsp. hymenoglossa (Ohwi) T. Koyama

Calamagrostis, arundinacea [Calamagrostis arundinacea(L.) Roth]

19 Carex aphanolepis var. mixta Nakai (correction of family name)

20 Carex sabynensis var. leiosperma Ohwi (correction of family name)

21 Clematis brachyura Maxim Maxim.

22 Cllianthemum insigne Nakai Callianthemum, (Nakai) Nakai [Callianthemum insigne(Nakai) Nakai]

Table 2. The current analyzed and categorized proportion of

the list of national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under theCreation and Furtherance of Arboretums Act. proposed by

Korea Forest Services.

Number of taxa Percentage (%)

Endemics 59 16.5

Synonyms 196 54.7

Illegit & Invalid 14 3.9

Non endemics 12 3.4

Hybrids 4 1.1

Unresolved candidates 73 20.4

Total 358 100

Lee, 1998; Lim et al., 2005; Lim et al., 2003; Oh and

Ji, 2009; Paik and Lee, 1995; Roh et al., 2002; Shin and

Kim, 2008; Sin et al., 2002; Sun et al., 1993; Tae and

Ko, 1997; Tae et al., 2010]

(Table 5).

The International Plant Names

Index(http://www.ipni.org/) The Plant List(http://www.

theplantlist.org) .

(, 523)

(360

)

. (107)

. ,

,

(Table 1, Table 2).

1

, ,

4 102 1 (2013)

Table 3. Continued.

Scientific Name Vernacular Typographic or orthographic error

23 Dendranthema coreanum (H. Lev. & Vaniot) VoroschVorosch. [Chrysanthemum coreanum (H. Lv. & Vaniot)Nakai]

24 Dendranthema indicum var. lucidum J.H. Pak [Dendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai) J.H. Pak]

25 Erantis pungdoensis B.U. Oh Eranthis

26 Eriocaulon sphagnicolum Ohwi sphanocola

27 Euphobia subulatifolius Hurus. Euphorbia

28 Forsythia saxatilis Nakai (Nakai) Nakai

29 Geranium lasicaulon Nakai lasiocaulon

30 Geranium taebaek S.J. Park & Y.S. Kim taebaekense

31 Hepatica maxima Nakai (Nakai) Nakai

32Hololeion maximowiczii var. fauriei (H. Lv & Vaniot) Kitam.

(H. Lev. & Vaniot) J.H. Pak, incorrect author citation

33 Hosta yingeriS.B. Jones Hosta yingeri S.B. Jones

34 Huperzia integrifolia (Masuda) Z. Satou (Matsuda)B.llg. ex Satou[Huperzia integrifolia B. llg. ex Satou]

35 Ixeris chinodebilis Kitam Kitam.

36 Lamium takesimense Nakai takeshimense

37 Liliun hansonii Leichtlin Lilium, Leichtlin ex D.D.T. Moore

38 Liparis koreana Nakai (Nakai) Nakai

39 Luzula odaesanesis Y.N. Lee & Y.O. Chae in Y.N. Lee [Luzula odaesanesis Y.N. Lee & Y.O. Chae]

40 Mankyua chejuense B.-Y. Sun B.Y. Sun, M.H. Kim & C.H. Kim

41 Miscanthus changii Y.N. Lee (correction of family name)

42 Oxytropis strobilaca Bunge strobilacea

43 Patrina saniculifolia Hemsley Patrinia

44 Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurus Hurus.

45 Poa kumgangsani Ohwi (correction of family name), kumgansanii

46 Poa takeshimana Honda (correction of family name)

47 Polygonatum grandicaule Y.S. Kim Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang

48 Polygonatum infundiflorum Y.S. Kim Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang

49Pseudolysimachion kiusiannum var. diamantiacum(Nakai) T. Yamaz.

kiusianum

50Pseudolysimachion kiusiannum var. glabrifolium(Kitag) T. Yamaz.

kiusianum, (Kitag.) T. Yamaz.

51 Pulsatilla nivals Nakai nivalis

52 Rubus tozawai Nakai ex T.H. Chung tozawae

53 Rubus tozawai var. longisepalus (Nakai) J.Y. Yang tozawae

54 Salix koriyanagi Kimura Kimura ex Goerz

55 Salvia chanroenica Nakai chanryoenica

56 Sasa chiisanensis (Nakai) Y.N. Lee (correction of family name)

57 Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (correction of family name)

58 Saussurea diamantica Nakai diamantiaca

59 Senecio birobonensis Kitam. birubonensis

60 Sorbusa murensis var. rufa Nakai Sorbus amurensis

61 Taraxacum hallaisanense Nakai hallaisanene

62 Trapa bicornis L.f. Osbeck

63 Valeria nadageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek Valeriana degeletiana

64 Woodsia psudoilvensis Tagawa pseudoilvensis

65 Woodsia saitosana Tagawa saitoana

66 Zabelia tyaihyonii (T.H. Chung ex Nakai) (Nakai) Hisauti & H. Hara

67 Zostera geojeensis H.C. Shin H. Shin, Cho & Y.S. Oh

68 Scutellaria indica var. alba S. Kim & S. Lee (correction of family name)

69 Scutellaria indica var. coccinea S. Kim & S. Lee (correction of family name)

5

,

(Table 3).

2

(=, invalidly published name) (illegitimate

name) (Table 4) (Table 5)

. ,

,

(Table 6),

(Table 7), 1-2

Table 4. Illegitimate or invalidly published names at the lists of national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under the Creation andFurtherance of Arboretums Act.

Scientific Name Vernacular Nomenclatural Status Possible name

1 Athyrium acutipinnulum Kodama ex Nakai Invalidly published name

2Buxus koreana (Nakai ex Rehder)T.H. Chung, P.S. Toh, D.B. Lee & F.J. Lee

Invalidly published name

3 Carex aphanolepis var. mixta Nakai Invalidly published name

4 Celtis cordifolia Nakai Later homonym

5 Eriocaulon latipetalum Y.C. Oh & C.S. Heo Invalidly published name

6 Huperzia integrifolia (Masuda) Z. Satou Later homonym[Huperzia integrifolia B.llg.ex Satou]

7 Impatiens violascens B.U. Oh & Y.Y. Kim Later homonymImpatiens violacea M. Kumar& Sequiera

8 Luzula odaesanesis Y.N. Lee & Y.O. Chae Invalidly published name

9 Parasenecio koraiensis (Nakai) B.U. Oh Illegitimate name Cacalia koraiensis Nakai

10 Populus glandulosa (Uyeki) Uyeki Later homonym

11Pseudolysimachion insulare (Nakai)T. Yamaz.

Later homonymPseudolysimachion nakaianum(Ohwi) T. Yamaz.

12 Rubus tozawae Nakai ex T.H. Chung Invalidly published name

13Rubus tozawae var. longisepalus (Nakai)J.Y. Yang

Invalidly published name

14 Vicia linearifolia Y.N. Lee Later homonym Vicia linearifolia Hook. & Arn.

Table 5. Possible synonym list among the national endemic plants from the current study.

Family Scientific Name Vernacular Correct name

1 ApiaceaePimpinella brachycarpa var. uchiyamana(Y. Yabe) Nakai

Pimpinella koreana (Y. Yabe) Nakai

2 ApiaceaePimpinella brachycarpa var. hallaisanensis W. Lee & G. Jang

Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai

ApiaceaePimpinella hallaisanensis (W. Lee & G. Jang)G. Jang, W.K. Paik & W. Lee

Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai

3 Apiaceae Sium ternifolium B.Y. Lee & S.C. Ko Sium serrum (Franch. & Sav.) Kitag.

4 Araceae Arisaema takesimense Nakai Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott

5 AraceaeArisaema thunbergii subsp. geomundoenseS.C. Ko

Arisaema thunbergii subsp. urashima(H.Hara) H.Ohashi & J.Murata

6 Araceae Pinellia koreana K.H. Tae & J.H. Kim Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino

7 AraliaceaeEleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis(Nakai) C.H. Kim & B.Y. Sun

Eleutherococcus divaricatus (Siebold & Zucc.) S.Y.Hu

8 Aristolocaceae Asarum maculatum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim Asarum misandrum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim

9 Aristolocaceae Asarum patens (Yamaki) Y.N. Lee Asarum patens (Yamaki) Yamaki ex Y.N.Lee

10 Aristolocaceae Asarum maculatum Nakai Asarum sieboldii Miq.

11 AsteraceaeAchillea alpina subsp. rhodoptarmica (Nakai)Kitam.

Achillea alpina L.

12 AsteraceaeAchillea ptarmica var. acuminata (Ledeb)Heimerl

Achillea acuminata (Ledebour) SchultzBipontinus

13 AsteraceaeAster chusanensis Y.S. Lim, J.O. Hyun,Y.D. Kim & H.C. Shin

Aster spathulifolius Maxim.

14 Asteraceae Aster hayatae H. Lev. & Vaniot Aster altaicus Willd.

15 Asteraceae Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam. Aster altaicus Willd.

16 Asteraceae Aster pseudoglehnii Y.S. Lim, Hyun & H. Shin Aster trinervis subsp. ageratoides

6 102 1 (2013)

Table 5. Continued.


17 AsteraceaeCrepidiastrum koidzumianum (Kitam.)J.H. Pak & Kawano

Paraixeris koidzumiana (Kitam.) Tzvelev

18 AsteraceaeDendranthema coreanum (H. Lv. & Vaniot)Vorosch.

Chrysanthemum coreanum (H. Lv. &Vaniot) Nakai

19 AsteraceaeHololeion maximowiczii var. fauriei(H. Lv. & Vaniot) Kitam.

Hololeion maximowiczii Kitam.

20 Asteraceae Ixeris chinodebilis Kitam. Ixeris chinodebilis

21 Asteraceae Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.

22 Asteraceae Ligularia taquetii (H. Lv. & Vaniot) Nakai Ligularia mongolica (Turcz.) DC.

23 AsteraceaeSaussurea maximowiczii var. triceps (H. Lv.)Kitam.

Saussurea maximowiczii Herder

24 Asteraceae Saussurea polylepis Nakai Saussurea grandifolia Maxim.

25 Asteraceae Saussurea grandicapitula W.K. Lee & H.T. Im Saussurea diamantica Nakai

26 Asteraceae Saussurea uchiyamana Nakai Saussurea seoulensis Nakai

27 Asteraceae Saussurea macrolepis (Nakai) Kitam. Saussurea grandifolia Maxim.

28 Asteraceae Parasenecio pseudotamingasa (Nakai) B.U. Oh Parasenecio firmus (Kom.) Y.L. Chen

29 Asteraceae Taraxacum hallaisanense Nakai Taraxacum mongolicum Hand-Mazz.

30 AsteraceaeArtemisia japonica var. hallaisanensis (Nakai) Kitam.

Artemisia hallaisanensis Nakai

31 Asteraceae Dendranthema sinchangense (Uyeki) Kitam. Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich)Tzvelev

32 AsteraceaeDendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai)J.H. Pak

Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich)Tzvelev

33 Berberidaceae Berberis amurensis var. quelpaertensis Nakai Berberis amurensis Rupr.

34 Betulaceae Betula ermanii var. saitoana (Nakai) Hatusima Betula ermanii Cham.

35 Brassicaceae Arabis columnaris Nakai Arabis serrata Franch. & Sav.

36 Brassicaceae Rorippa apetala Y.Y. Kim & B.OU. Oh Rorippa globosa (Turcz. ex Fisch. &C.A. Mey.) Hayek

37 Brassicaceae Cardamine pseudowasabi H. Shin & Y.D. Kim Cardamine yezoensis Maxim.

38 Campanulaceae Adenophora erecta S.T. Lee, J.K. Lee & S.T. Kim Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.)Miq.

39 Campanulaceae Adenophora koreana Kitam. Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. exSchult.) G.Don

40 Campanulaceae Adenophora obovata Kitam. Adenophora polyantha Nakai

41 Campanulaceae Adenophora pulchra Kitam. Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A. DC.

42 Campanulaceae Adenophora racemosa J.K. Lee & S.T. Lee Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. exSchult.) G.Don

43 Campanulaceae Adenophora taquetii H.Lv. Adenophora gmelinii (Biehler) Fisch.

44 Campanulaceae Adenophora verticillata var. abbreviata H. Lv. Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A. DC.

45 Campanulaceae Campanula takesimana Nakai Campanula punctata Lam.

46 Campanulaceae Hanabusaya latisepala Nakai Hanabusaya asiatica (Nakai) Nakai

47 Campanulaceae Adenophora kayasanensis Kitam. Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav.

48 CaprifoliaceaeLonicera tatarinovii var. leptantha (Rehder)Nakai

Lonicera tatarinowii Maxim.

49 CaprifoliaceaeLonicera maximowiczii var. atifolia (Ohwi)Hara

Lonicera maximowiczii (Rupr. exMaxim.) Rupr. ex Maxim.

50 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria bulbosa (Nakai) Nakai

Pseudostellaria palibiniana = Pseudos-tellaria okamotoi = Pseudostellaria set-ulosa = Pseudostellaria japonica??

51 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax

52 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria monantha Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax

53 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria okamotoi Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax

54 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria setulosa Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax

55 Celastraceae Euonymus alatus var. uncinatus Nakai Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold

56 Clusiaceae Hypericum chejuense S.J. Park & K.J. Kim Hypericum erectum Thunb.

57 ClusiaceaeHypericum jeongjock sanense S.J. Park &K.J. Kim

Hypericum laxum (Blume) Koidz.=Hypericum japonicum Thunb.

58 Crassulaceae Hylotelephium viridescens (Nakai) H. Ohba Hylotelephium erythrostictum (Miq.)H. Ohba

59 Crassulaceae Sedum latiovalifolium Y.N. Lee Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch.

7

Table 5. Continued.


60 Crassulaceae Sedum takesimense Nakai Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch.

61 Crassulaceae Sedum zokuriense Nakai Sedum middendorffianum Maxim.

62 Dryopteridaceae Athyrium nakaii Tagawa Dryopteris goeringiana (Kunze) Koidz.

63 Dryopteridaceae Woodsia psudoilvensis Tagawa Woodsia intermedia Tagawa

64 Dryopteridaceae Woodsia saitoana Tagawa Woodsia polystichoides D.C. Eaton

65 EriocaulonaceaeEriocaulon glaberrimum var. platypetalum(Satake) Satake

Eriocaulon alpestre Hook.f. & Thomsonex Krn.

66 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia subulatifolius Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.

67 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia fauriei H. Lv. & Vaniot Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.

68 Fabaceae Maackia fauriei (H. Lv.) Takeda Maackia floribunda (Miq.) Takeda

69 Fagaceae Quercus glauca var. nudata Blume Quercus glauca Thunb.

70 Fumariaceae Corydalis hallaisanensis H. Lv. Corydalis lineariloba Siebold & Zucc.

71 Fumariaceae Corydalis albipetala B.U. Oh Corydalis humilis B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim

72 Fumariaceae Corydalis maculata B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim Corydalis humilis B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim

73 Fumariaceae Corydalis misandra B.U. Oh Corydalis humilis B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim

74 Gentianaceae Gentiana chosenica Okuyama Gentiana aquatica var. pseudoaquatica(Kusn.) S. Agrawal

75 Gentianaceae Gentiana wootchuliana W.K. Paik Gentiana aquatica var. pseudoaquatica(Kusn.) S. Agrawal

76 Gentianaceae Gentiana takahashii T. Mori Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb.

77 Geraniaceae Geranium koreanum Kom. var. hirsutum Nakai Geranium koreanum Kom.

78 Geraniaceae Geranium taebaekense S.J. Park & Y.S. Kim Geranium koreanum Kom.

79 Geraniaceae Geranium knuthii Nakai Geranium wilfordii Maxim.

80 Hydrangeaceae Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai Kirengeshoma palmata Yatabe

81 Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus koreanus Nakai Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr & Maxim.

82 Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus scaber Nakai Philadelphus pekinensis Rupr.

83 Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus seoulensis Y.H. Chung & H. Shin Philadelphus tenuifolius var. schrenkii(Rupr.) J.J. Vassil.

84 Iridaceae Irisrossii var. latifolia J.K. Sim & Y.S. Kim Iris rossii Baker

85 Iridaceae Irissanguinea var. violacea Makino Iris sanguinea Donn ex Hornem.

86 IridaceaeLycorissanguinea var. koreana (Nakai)T. Koyama

Lycoris koreana Nakai

87 Lamiaceae Elsholtzia minima Nakai Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl.

88 LamiaceaeElsholtzia splendens var. fasciflora N.S. LEE,M.S. Chung & C.S. Lee

Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maek.

89 Lamiaceae Lamium takeshimense Nakai Lamium album subsp. barbatum(Siebold & Zucc.) Mennema

90 Lamiaceae Menthaarvensis var. barbata (Nakai) W.T. Lee Mentha arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. ex Holmes

91 Lamiaceae Scutellariaindica var. alba S. Kim & S. Lee Scutellaria indica L.

92 Lamiaceae Scutellaria indica var. coccinea S. Kim & S. Lee Scutellaria indica L.

93 LamiaceaeThymus quinquecostatus var. magnus (Nakai)Kitam.

Thymus quinquecostatus var. przewalskii(Kom.) Ronniger

94 Liliaceae Allium taquetii H. Lv. & Vanio Allium thunbergii G. Don

95 LiliaceaePolygonatum grandicaule Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang

Polygonatum odoratum var. thunbergii(C. Morren & Decne.) H. Hara

96 LiliaceaePolygonatum infundiflorum Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang

Polygonatum odoratum var. thunbergii(C. Morren & Decne.) H. Hara

97 Liliaceae Polygonatum quelpaertense Ohwi Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum(Miq.) Ohwi

98 Liliaceae Smilacina bicolor Nakai Maianthemum bicolor (Nakai) Cubey

99 LiliaceaeHemerocallis hongdoensis M.G. Chung &S.S. Kang

Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai

100 LiliaceaeHemerocallis taeanensis S.S. Kang & M.G. Chung

Hemerocallis citrina Baroni

101 Loganiaceae Gardneria insularis Nakai Gardneria nutans Siebold & Zucc.

102 NympaeaceaeNymphaea tetragona var. minima (Nakai)W.T. Lee

Nymphaea tetragona Georgi

103 Oleaceae Ligustrum acutissimum Koehne Ligustrum leucanthum (S.Moore)P.S. Green

8 102 1 (2013)

Table 5. Continued.


104 Oleaceae Ligustrum foliosum Nakai Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk.

105 Oleaceae Syringa patula var. venosa (Nakai) M.Y. Kim Syringa pubescens subsp. patula (Palib.)M.C. Chang & X.L. Chen

106 Oleaceae Forsythia ovata Nakai Forsythia japonica Makino

107 Oleaceae Forsythia saxatilis (Nakai) Nakai Forsythia viridissima Lindl. var. koreanaRehder

108 Oleaceae Forsythia velutina Nakai Forsythia japonica Makino

109 Orchidaceae Calanthe coreana Nakai Calanthe discolor Lindl.

110 OrchidaceaeLiparis pterosepala N.S. Lee, C.S. Lee &K.S. Lee

Liparis kuomokiri F.Maek.

111 OrchidaceaeLiparis yongnoana N.S. Lee, C.S. Lee &K.S. Lee

Liparis makinoana Schltr.

112 Orchidaceae Oreorchis coreana Finet Oreorchis patens subsp. coreana (Finet)Y.N. Lee

113 Orchidaceae Liparis koreana (Nakai) Nakai Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.

114 OrobanchaceaeOrobanche filicicola Nakai ex Hyun, Y.S. Lim & H.C. Shin

Orobanche pycnostachya var. amuren-sis Beck

115 Papaveraceae Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai Chelidonium hylomeconoides (Nakai)Ohwi

116 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca insularis Nakai Phytolacca japonica Makino

117 Pinaceae Picea pungsanensis Uyeki Picea koraiensis Nakai

118 Poaceae Calamagrostis paishanensis Nakai Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom.[= C. purpurea (Trinius) Trinius ?]

119 PoaceaeCalamagrostis, arundinacea subsp. hymenoglossa (Ohwi) T. Koyama

Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth

120 Poaceae Festuca ovina var. koreanoalpina Ohwi Festuca ovina L.

121 Poaceae Festucaovina var. chosenica Ohwi Festuca ovina L.

122 PoaceaeMiscanthus oligostachyus subsp. intermedius(Honda) T. Koyama

Miscanthus oligostachyus Stapf

123 Poaceae Poa takeshimana Honda Poa matsumurae Hack.

124 Poaceae Sasa chiisanensis (Nakai) Y.N. Lee Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino & Shibata

125 Poaceae Sasa coreana Nakai () Sasa kurilensis (Rupr.) Makino & Shibata

126 Poaceae Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai Sasa palmata (Bean) Nakai

127 Polygonaceae Aconogonon brachytrichum (Ohwi) Sojak Polygonum brachytrichum Ohwi

128 Polygonaceae Aconogonon mollifolium H. Hara Pleuropteropyrum mollifolium Kitag.

129 Primulaceae Lysimachia coreana Nakai Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.

130 PrimulaceaePrimula modesta var. hannansanensisT. Yamaz.

Primula modesta Bisset & S. Moore

131 Ranunculaceae Berberis koreana var. ellipsoidea Nakai Berberia koreana Palib.

132 RanunculaceaeCimicifuga austrokoreana H.W. Lee &C.W. Park

Actaea austrokoreana (H.W. Lee &C.W. Park) Cubey

133 Ranunculaceae Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida Nakei Actaea bifida (Nakai) J.Compton

134 Ranunculaceae Callianthemum insigne (Nakai) Nakai Callianthemum insigne (Nakai) Nakai

135 Ranunculaceae Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y. Sun Eranthis pinnatifida Maxim.

136 Ranunculaceae Eranthis pungdoensis B.U. Oh Eranthis pinnatifida Maxim.

137 Ranunculaceae Hepatica insularis Nakai Anemone hepatica var. japonica (Nakai)Ohwi

138 Ranunculaceae Pulsatilla nivalis Nakai Pulsatila cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. & J. Presl

139 Ranunculaceae Clematis calcicola J.S. Kim Clematis koreana Kom.

140 Ranunculaceae Aconitium chiisanense Nakai Aconitum jaluense Kom.

141 Ranunculaceae Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai

142 Ranunculaceae Aconitum pteropus Nakai Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai

143 Ranunculaceae Aconitum quelpaertense Nakai Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai

144 Rosaceae Aruncus aethusifolius (H. Lv.) Nakai Aruncus sylvester Kosteletzky ex Maxim.

145 Rosaceae Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge

146 Rosaceae Physocarpus insularis (Nakai) Nakai Spiraea chamaedryfolia var. ulmifolia(Scop.) Maxim.

147 Rosaceae Potentilla dickinsii var. glabrata Nakai Potentilla ancistrifolia var. dickinsii(Franch. & Sav.) Koidz.

9

Table 5. Continued.


148 Rosaceae Prunus ishidoyana Nakai Prunus japonica Thunb.

149 Rosaceae Rosa kokusanensis Nakai Rosa lucieae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crep.

150 Rosaceae Rubus hongnoensis Nakai Rubus pungens Cambess.

151 Rosaceae Rubus schizostylus H. Lv. Rubus coreanus Miq

152 Rosaceae Sorbus amurensis var. rufa Nakai Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl.

153 Rosaceae Spiraea chartacea Nakai Spiraea chinensis Maxim.

154 Rosaceae Filipendula formosa Nakai Filipendula glaberrima (Nakai) Nakai

155 Rosaceae Pourthiaea villosa var. brunnea Nakai Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC.

156 Rosaceae Rosa maximowicziana var. pilosa (Nakai) Nakai Rosa maximowicziana Regel

157 Rosaceae Rubus takesimensis Nakai Rubus palmatus Thunb.

158 Rubiaceae Asperula lasiantha Nakai Galium platygalium (Maxim.) Pobed.

159 Rubiaceae Galium boreale var. koreanum Nakai Galium boreale L.

160 Rubiaceae Galium koreanum (Nakai) Nakai Galium bungei Steud.

161 Rubiaceae Rubia pubescens Nakai Rubia cordata Thunb.

162 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai Zanthoxylum simulans Hance

163 Salicaceae Salix pseudolasiogyne H. Lv. Salix babylonica L.

164 SalicaceaeSalix xerophila f. fuscescens (Nakai) W.G. Park

Salix bebbiana Sarg.

165 Salicaceae Salix bicarpa Nakai Salix divaricata Pall.

166 Salicaceae Salix chaenomeloides var. pilosa Kimura Salix chaenomeloides Kimura

167 Salicaceae Salix dependens Nakai Salix babylonica L.

168 Saxifragaceae Astilbe rubra var. divaricata (Nakai) W.T. Lee Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.

169 Saxifragaceae Astilbe rubra var. taquetii (H. Lv.) H. Hara Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.

170 Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium flaviflorum Ohwi Chrysosplenium pilosum

171 Saxifragaceae Saxifraga fortunei var. pilosissima Nakai Saxifraga fortunei var. koraiensis Nakai(Liaoning)

172 Scrophulariaceae Paulownia coreana Uyeki Paulownia tomentosa Steud.

173 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurus. Pedicularis spicata Pall.

174 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis ishidoyana Koidz & Ohwi Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L.

175 ScrophulariaceaePseudolysimachion kiusianum var.diamantiacum (Nakai) T. Yamaz.

Pseudolysimachion kiusianum (Furumi)T.Yamaz.

176 ScrophulariaceaePseudolysimachion kiusianum var. glabrifolium (Kitag) T. Yamaz.

Pseudolysimachio kiusianum (Furumi)T. Yamaz.

177 ScrophulariaceaeScrophularia buergeriana var. quelpartensisT. Yamaz

Scrophularia buergeriana Miq.

178 Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai Scrophularia grayana Maxim. ex Kom.

179 Solanaceae Scopolia lutescens Y.N. Lee Scopolia parviflora (Dune) Nakai

180 Theaceae Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder Stewartia pseudocamellia var. koreana(Nakai ex Rehder) Sealy

181 Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris koreana B.Y. Sun & C.H. Kim Phegopteris decursive-pinnata (H.C. Hall)Fe

182 Tiliaceae Corchoropsis intermedia Nakai Corchoropsis tomentosa (Thunb.) Makino

183 Tiliaceae Tilia insularis Nakai Tilia amurensis Rupr.

184 Tiliaceae Tilia semicostata Nakai Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim.

185 Trapaceae Trapa bicornis Osbeck Trapa natans L.

186 Ulmaceae Celtis choseniana Nakai Celtis jessoensis Koidz.

187 Ulmaceae Celtis edulis Nakai Celtis jessoensis Koidz.

188 Urticaceae Pilea oligantha Nakai Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray

189 Urticaceae Pilea taquetii Nakai Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray

190 Urticaceae Urtica laetevirens var. robusta F. Maek. Urtica laetevirens Maxim.

191 Valerianaceae Valeriana degeletiana Nakai ex F. Maek. Valeriana sambucifolia f. dageletiana(Nakaj. ex Maekawa) Hara

192 Violaceae Viola kapsanensis Nakai Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie

193 Violaceae Viola seoulensis Nakai Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.

194 Violaceae Viola takesimana Nakai Viola acuminata Ledeb.

195 Violaceae Viola woosanensis Y.N. Lee & J. Kim Viola chaerophylloidesx V. selkirkii

196 Zosteraceae Zostera geojeensis H. Shin, Cho & Y.S. Oh Zostera caespitosa Miki

10 102 1 (2013)

(subendemics) (Table 8),

(Table 9),

(unresolved candidates)(Table 10)

.

.

, Kew The Plant List(http://www.theplantlist.org/

) (unresolved names)

. ,

1-2

(unresolved candidates)

.

360 ,

2

2 358.

Pimpinella brachycarpa var.

hallaisanensis W.C. Lee & G. Jang

Pimpinella hallaisanensis (W. Lee & G. Jang)

G. Jang, W.K. Paik & W.C. Lee

, (Hemerocallis hakuunensis

Nakai) 2 .

Table 6. Non-endemic species list among the national endemic plants.

Family Scientific Name Vernacular Occurrence Correct name

1 AristolocaceaeAsarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim &S. So

Jilin

2 Asteraceae Senecio birubonensis Kitam. ChinaTephroseris phaeantha (Nakai) C.Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen,

3 Asteraceae Senecio koreanus Kom. Jilin (Changbai Shan),Liaoning (China)

Tephroseris koreana (Kom.) B. Nor-denstam & Pelser

4 Campanulaceae Adenophora remotidens Hemsl. China Including Adenophora palusris Kom.

5 Crassulaceae Rhodiola angusta Nakai Russia and NE China

6 CyperaceaeCarex tenuiformis var. neofilipes(Nakai) Ohwi ex Hatusima

China

7 CyperaceaeCarex sabynensis var. leiospermaOhwi

ChinaCarex umbrosa subsp. sabynensis(Less. ex Kunth) Kk.

8 LiliaceaeLilium hansonii Leichtlin exD.D.T. Moore

S Jilin (China)

9 Poaceae Asperella coreanus (Honda) Neski

Heilongjiang, Jilin,Liaoning (China);Russia (Far East)

Hystrix coreana (Honda) Ohwi

10 Poaceae Poa kanboensis Ohwi ChinaPoa urssulensis var. kanboensis(Ohwi) Olonova & G. Zhu

11 Poaceae Puccinellia coreensis Hack ex HondaJilin, Liaoning(China)

12 Ericaceae Rhododendron saisiuense Nakai Kyushu (Japan) Rhododendron kiusianum Makino

Table 7. The hybrid list among the national endemic plants.

Family Scientific name Vernacular Comments

1 OrchidaceaeGoodyera tamnaensis N.S. LEE, K.S. LEE,S.H. Yeau & C.S. Lee

a synonym of Goodyera velutina Maxim.ex Regel

2 Salicaceae Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B. Lee

3 Ranunculaceae Pulsatilla tongkangensis Y.N. Lee & T.C. Lee natural hybrids with P. cernua?

4 Ulmaceae Ulmus mesocarpa M. Kim & S. Lee

Table 8. The list of subendemic plant species to Korea.

Family Scientific name Vernacular

1 Rosaceae Neillia uekii Nakai

2 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum carlesii Hemsl.

3 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera harae Makino

4 Liliaceae Lilium amabile Palibin.

11

.

(, 523)(Ministry of

Environment, 2005, Kwon et al., 2011)

(358

) 286

79.7%

54.7%. (107)

(subtotal=416, see Table 1)

68.7% .

70-80%

.

69 19.2%

(Table 3). ,

, ()

,

.

(typographic, 28),

(10),

.

(orthographic) 2

.

,

(invalidly published name) 14

(3.9%) [, , , ,

, , , ,

, , , , ,

, Table 4].

. , , ,

, , (later

homonym)

.

12

(3.4%, Table 6) . ,

95 1/4(25.1%)

.

(Rhododendron

saiuense Nakai) Nakai(1935)

Suzuki 2

( )

.

R. kiusianum Makino (Yamazaki, 1996)

.

.

, ,

, , , , ,

, , , (Table 6)

.

,

,

73

(20.4%, Table 10).

,

196(54.7%,

Table 5). ,

4(1.1%, Table 7)

.

358 59 16.5%

(Table 10, Figure 1).

3,

[Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense (H. Lv.) M.

Sugim. ex T. Yamaz.] [Heloniopsis

tubiflora Fuse, N.S. Lee & M.N. Tamura]

(Thuja koraiensis Nakai). ,

1-2 , ,

, (subendemics, Table

8)

.

59

8 6 23%

2 .

20

13,

40 53

14.8% .

(family)

.

12 102 1 (2013)

Table 9. List of accepted endemic taxa among the national endemic plants in Korea.

1 Family Scientific Name Vernacular

1 Apiaceae Bupleurum latissimum Nakai 2 Apiaceae Dystaenia takesimana (Nakai) Kitag. 3 Asteraceae Aster koraiensis Nakai 4 Asteraceae Cirsium rhinoceros (H. Lv. & Vaniot) Nakai 5 Asteraceae Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai 6 Asteraceae Saussurea calcicola Nakai 7 Asteraceae Saussurea seoulensis Nakai 8 Berberidaceae Berberis koreana Palib. 9 Betulaceae Carpinus laxiflora var. longispica Uyeki 10 Brassicaceae Cardamine glechomifolia H. Lv. 11 Campanulaceae Codonopsis minima Nakai 12 Campanulaceae Hanabusaya asiatica (Nakai) Nakai 13 Caprifoliaceae Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula (Nakai) H.I. Lim & C.S. Chang 14 Caprifoliaceae Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H. Bailey 15 Caprifoliaceae Zabelia tyaihyonii (Nakai) Hisauti & H. Hara 16 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera subsessilis Rehder 17 Caryophyllaceae Silene fasciculata Nakai 18 Caryophyllaceae Silene takeshimensis Uyeki & Sakata 19 Cyperaceae Carex erythrobasis H. Lv. & Vaniot 20 Cyperaceae Carex okamotoi Ohwi 21 Ericaceae Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitam. 22 Euphorbiaceae Glochidion chodoense C. Lee & H.T. Im 23 Fabaceae Lespedeza maritima Nakai 24 Fabaceae Sophora koreensis Nakai 25 Fabaceae Vicia chosenensis Ohwi 26 Fabaceae Vicia hirticalycina Nakai 27 Fumariaceae Corydalis filistipes Nakai 28 Hydrangeaceae Deutzia paniculata Nakai 29 Iridaceae Iris koreana Nakai 30 Iridaceae Lycoris chejuensis K.H. Tae & S.C. Ko 31 Lamiaceae Ajuga spectabilis Nakai 32 Lamiaceae Salvia chanryoenica Nakai 33 Lamiaceae Scutellaria insignis Nakai 34 Liliaceae Heloniopsis koreana Fuse, N.S. Lee & M.N. Tamura 35 Liliaceae Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai 36 Oleaceae Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai 37 Oleaceae Fraxinus chiisanensis Nakai 38 Oleaceae Syringa fauriei H. Lv. 39 Oleaceae Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai 40 Ophioglossaceae Mankyua chejuense B.Y. Sun, M.H. Kim & C.H. Kim 41 Pinaceae Abies koreana E.H. Wilson 42 Poaceae Miscanthus changii Y.N. Lee 43 Polygonaceae Aconogonon microcarpum (Kitag.) H. Hara 44 Polygonaceae Fallopia koreana B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim 45 Primulaceae Androsace cortusifolia Nakai 46 Ranunculaceae Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz. 47 Ranunculaceae Anemone koraiensis Nakai 48 Ranunculaceae Clematis brachyura Maxim. 49 Ranunculaceae Clematis fusca var. coreana (H. Lv.) Nakai 50 Ranunculaceae Clematis trichotoma Nakai 51 Ranunculaceae Hepatica maxima (Nakai) Nakai 52 Ranunculaceae Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi 53 Rhamnaceae Rhamnus taquetii (H. Lv.) H. Lv. 54 Rosaceae Pentactina rupicola Nakai 55 Rosaceae Prunus choreiana Nakai ex H.T. Im 56 Rosaceae Prunus takesimensis Nakai 57 Salicaceae Salix koriyanagi Kimura & Goerz 58 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia coreana W. Becker 59 Valerianaceae Patrinia saniculifolia Hemsley

13

Table 10. The list of unresolved candidates among the national endemic plants.

Family Scientific Name Vernarcular Occurrence

1 Apiaceae Peucedanum coreanum Nakai 2 Apiaceae Peucedanum insolens Kitag. 3 Apiaceae Tilingia nakaiana Kitag. 4 Aspleniaceae Asplenium sarelii var. anogrammoides (Christ) Tagawa 5 Asteraceae Saussurea diamantiaca Nakai North Korea

6 Asteraceae Saussurea eriophylla Kakai North Korea

7 Asteraceae Saussurea koidzumiana Kitam. North Korea

8 Asteraceae Saussurea komaroviana Lipsch 9 Asteraceae Saussurea chabyoungsanica H.T. Im 10 Asteraceae Saussurea conandrifolia Nakai 11 Asteraceae Saussurea myokoensis Kitam. 12 Asteraceae Saussurea rectinervis Nakai North Korea

13 Asteraceae Saussurea rorinsanensis Nakai North Korea

14 Asteraceae Leontopodium coreanum Nakai 15 Asteraceae Leontopodium hallaisanense Hand-Mazz. 16 Asteraceae Leontopodium leiolepis Nakai 17 Asteraceae Heteropappus chejuensis Kitam. 18 Asteraceae Hieracium coreanum Nakai (=Hieracium morii Hayata?)

19 Chenopodiaceae Axyris koreana Nakai 20 Crassulaceae Orostachys saxatilis (Nakai) Nakai 21 Cyperaceae Carex humbertiana Ohwi North Korea

22 Cyperaceae Carex ochrochlamys Ohwi North Korea

23 Cyperaceae Carex phaeothrix Ohwi North Korea

24 Cyperaceae Carex pseudochinensis H. Lv. & Vaniot

25 Cyperaceae Carex subumbellata var. koreana Ohwi 26 Cyperaceae Scleria mutoensis Nakai (=Scleria rugosa R.Br. ?)

27 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris austriaca var. subopposita H. Ito 28 Eriocaulonaceae Eriocaulon sphanocola Ohwi 29 Fabaceae Oxytropis strobilacea Bunge 30 Fabaceae Indigofera grandiflora B.H. Choi & S. Cho 31 Fabaceae Indigofera koreana Ohwi 32 Fumariaceae Corydalis cornupetala Y.H. Kim & J.H. Jeong 33 Fumariaceae Corydalis alata B.U. Oh & W.R. Lee 34 Fumariaceae Corydalis grandicalyx B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim 35 Geraniaceae Geranium lasiocaulon Nakai 36 Iridaceae Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H. Tae & S.C. Ko

37 Iridaceae Lycoris flavescens M. Kim & S. Lee 38 Iridaceae Lycoris uydoensis M. Kim 39 Isoetaceae Isoetes coreana Y.H. Chung & H.K. Choi 40 Isoetaceae Isoetes hallasanensis H.K. Choi, C. Kim & J. Jung 41 Isoetaceae Isoetes jejuensis H.K. Choi, C. Kim & J. Jung 42 Lamiaceae Scutellaria asperiflora Nakai 43 Liliaceae Hosta jonesii M.G. Chung 44 Liliaceae Hosta minor (Baker) Nakai 45 Liliaceae Hosta venusta F. Maek 46 Liliaceae Hosta yingeri S.B. Jones 47 Orchidaceae Habenaria cruciformis Ohwi 48 Poaceae Poa ullungdoensis I.C. Chung 49 Poaceae Poa deschampsioides Ohwi 50 Poaceae Poa kumgansanii Ohwi 51 Poaceae Arundinaria munsuensis Y.N. Lee (=Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino ?)

52 Polygonaceae Polygonum globispicum (Nakai) C.W. Park North Korea

53 Polygonaceae Rheum coreanum Nakai North Korea

54 Primulaceae Lysimachia quelpaertensis K.H. Tae & J.S. Lee (=Lysimachia glanduliflora Hanelt ?)

55 Pteridaceae Adiantum coreanum Tagawa

56 Ranunculaceae Thalictrum osmorhizoides Nakai ()

57 Salicaceae Salix blinii H. Lv.

14 102 1 (2013)

,

, ,

(parents species)

,

.

( DB

) .

(http://www.nature.

go.kr/kpni/)

(, Kalopanax pictus var.

chinensis Nakai ex Handb.) , [,

Amblyotropis verna var. longicarpa (T.H. Chung) W.T.

Lee, Buxus koreana Nakai & Chung et al.]

,

. ,

DB ,

,

.

DB

,

. ,

.

DB

,

, (superfluos name)

. ,

12 6

(), 6

.

DB

.

.

. Yook and Kim(1996)

Asiasaum heterotropoides var. mandschuricum

Maxim. f. glabrata C. Yook, J. Kim & J. Nam

Table 10. The list of unresolved candidates among the national endemic plants.

Family Scientific Name Vernarcular Occurrence

58 Salicaceae Salix hallaisanensis H. Lv. (=Salix caprea L. ?)

59 Salicaceae Salix ishidoyana Nakai

60 Salicaceae Salix sericeocinerea Nakai

61 Saxifragaceae Saxifraga furumii Nakai

62 Saxifragaceae Saxifraga octopetala Nakai

63 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia coreanalpina Nakai ex Y. Kimura North Korea

64 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia mucronulata Nakai ex Y. Kimura (=Euphrasia coreanalpina) North Korea

65 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia retroticha T. Yamaz. North Korea

66 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis lunaris Nakai

67 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis nigrescens Nakai

68 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis resupinata var. umbrosa Kom. ex Nakai

69 Scrophulariaceae Pseudolysimachion pyrethrinum (Nakai) T. Yamaz.

70 Urticaceae Boehmeria quelpaertensis Satake

71 Urticaceae Boehmeria taquetii Nakai

72 Caryophyllaceae Silene myongcheonensis S.P. Hong & H.K. Moon North Korea

73 Poaceae Calamagrostis subacrochaeta Nakai North Korea

Figure 1. Pie chart of the categorized data (endemics, synonyms,

illegitimate, invalidly published names, non endemics, hybrids,and unresolved candidates) by percentage about the list of

national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under the Creation and

Furtherance of Arboretums Act.

15

. mandshuricum

glabrata( glabratum )

.

Oh(1997) Asarum misandrum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim

, Oh et al.(2005)

Asarum glabrata (C.S. Yook & J.G.

Kim) B.U. Oh( C.C. Yook, J.G. Kim & J.

Nam ) A. misandrum

.

, Asarum glabrata

Merrill(1942) Asarum glabrum Merr.

code 61.3 glabratum

glabrum later

homonym() .

Kew The Plant List

Asarum sieboldii f. misandrum (B.U. Oh &

J.G. Kim) Y.N. Lee

,

.

. Yamazaki

(1983) Pseudolysimachion insulare (Nakai) T.

Yamaz. Veronica insularis Nakai

Cheeseman(1896)

(later homonym)

. Pseudo-

lysimachion insulare T. Yamaz.

(code 58.1), Ohwi(1938)

Veronica nakaiana Ohwi [Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 29.

1938] Yamazaki(1968) Pseudolysimachion nakaianum

(Ohwi) T. Yamaz.[J. Jap. Bot. 43: 411, 1968]

(superfluous)

(McNeill et al., 2012).

Pseudolysimachion nakaianum (Ohwi) T. Yamaz.

Veronica nakaiana Ohwi

,

Pseudolysimachion insulare (Nakai) T. Yamaz.

.

Salvia

chanryoenica Nakai.

(Nakai, 1909), Nakai Salvia chanrnica Nakai

Korea: Kyngsan: monte Changryng (T.

Uchiyama) , Flora Koreana II (Nakai,

1911) Salvia chanrynica Nakai y

. Code 60.6 oe

, Code 60.1 Salvia chanryoenica

Nakai .

DB 1

8, 2-3

(update)

,

.

.

(DB)

, DB

,

. DB

,

[DB

(Species Korea),

(Nature), (KPNI), DNA

(Plant DNA Bank in Korea), (Seeds

of Wild Plants of Korea),

(KNPRRC)]

.

,

.

,

. ,

DB

.

(bias) (Kruckberg and Rabinowitz,

1985).

.

,

3

. ,

. , ,

16 102 1 (2013)

.

(taxonomic inflation)

(Rao, 2004;

Chang et al., 2009).

Kew The Plant List

(accepted name)

(unresolved name)

(, , ). The Plant List

,

.

,

.

(Kato and Ebihara, 2011).

IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature

and Natural Resources)

,

,

. (Aster altaicus var.

uchiyamae Kitam.) A. altaicus Willd.

, , , ,

,

6

[var. altaicus, var. taitoensis Kitam., var. hirsutus

Hand.-Mazz., var. canescens (Nees) Serg., var. scaber

(Av-Lallemant) Hand.-Mazz., var. millefolius (Vaniot)

Hand.-Mazz.].

. (Urtica laetevirens

var. robusta F. Maek.) .

Urtica laetevirens Maxim.

, ,

[subsp. laetevirens subsp. cyanescens (Kom. ex Jarm.)

C. J. Chen],

(Chen et al., 2003).

. Saussurea(16), Salix(10), Carex(10

), Adenophora(9), Corydalis(8)

10% .

(, Carex) ,

. ,

16 5(Saussurea rectinervis Nakai , S.

rorinsanensis Nakai , S. conandrifolia Nakai ,

S. komaroviana Lipsch , S. myokoensis Kitam.

) , 5(S.

calcicola Nakai , S. diamantiaca Nakai ,

S. eriophylla Nakai , S. uchiyamana Nakai ,

S. koidzumiana Kitam. )


.

(Hemerocallis) 6 3(Hemerocallis

hongdoensis M.G. Chung & S.S. Kang, H. hakuunensis

Nakai, H. taeanensis S.S. Kang & M.G. Chung)

. Lee(1980)

Chen and Noguchi(2000)

.

3

. (Hosta, Park,

2007) 7 4

[Hosta jonesii M.G. Chung, Hosta

minor (Baker) Nakai, H. venusta F. Maek, H. yingeri

S. B. Jones]

.

, ,

(Jones and Luchsinger, 1986)

,

(Kwon et al., 2011). ,

638 93(

17

14.6%) . ,

[, , Rhododendron yedoense f.

poukhanense (H. Lv.) M. Sugim. ex T. Yamaz.]

.

ESA(Endangered Species Act), USFWS(U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service, 1983) IUCN(2005)

IUCN ,

.

.

196

.

.

,

(neoendemics),

(paleoendemics)

. ,

,

, , , ,

Figure 2. Some examples of subendemic plant species in Korea.

18 102 1 (2013)

,

.

. , ,

,


.

1945

[(

), , , ,

, , , , ,

, ]

.

,

, , ,

, , , ,

.

1-2

, ,

, ,

(subendemics) (Table 8,

Figure 2).

.

(Kruckerberg

and Rabinowitz, 1985).

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(2013 ; 2013 )

Documents

(appendix 4-1) Under the Creation and Furtherance of Arboretums