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Lampiran 2. Hasil Pemeriksaan Makroskopik Jeruk Bali
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar 15. Tumbuhan Jeruk Bali
Gambar 16. Buah Jeruk Bali
(lanjutan)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar 17.Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar Gambar 18.Simplisia Kulit Buah
Jeruk Bali
Gambar 19. Serbuk Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Lampiran 3. Hasil Pemeriksaan Mikroskopik
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1
2 3
4
5
6
Gambar 20. Mikroskopik penampang melintang kulit buah jeruk bali segar Keterangan : 1. Epidermis 2. Hipodermis 3. Kristal kalsium oksalat 4. Kelenjar minyak atsiri 5. Mesokarp 6. Berkas pembuluh penebalan spiral
(lanjutan)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1
2
1
3
4 5
6
Gambar 21. Mikroskopik serbuk simplisia kulit buah jeruk bali Keterangan: 1. Epidermis 2. Mesokarp 3. Berkas pembuluh 4. Kristal kalsium oksalat 5. Stomata 6. Kelenjar minyak atsiri Lampiran 4. Alat – alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar 22. Alat Stahl
Gambar 23. Alat Penetapan Kadar Air (lanjutan)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar 24. Alat Destilasi Air
Gambar 25. Alat Refraktometer Abbe (lanjutan)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar 26. Alat Piknometer
Gambar 27. Alat GC-MS Lampiran 5. Penetapan Kadar Air
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kadar Air = %100xsampelBerat
IVolumeIIVolume −
1. Simplisia kulit buah jeruk bali
Sampel I = Volume I = 1,9 ml
Volume II = 2,3 ml
Berat sampel = 5,005 g
Kadar air = %100005,5
9,13,2 x−
= 7,99 % b/v
Sampel II Volume I = 2,3 ml
Volume II = 2,8 ml
Berat sampel = 5,008 g
Kadar air = %100008,5
3,28,2 x−
= 9,98% b/v
Sampel III Volume I = 2,8 ml
Volume II = 3,2 ml
Berat sampel = 5,005 g
Kadar air = %100001,5
8,22,3 x−
= 7,99 % b/v
Kadar air rata – rata = 3
/%99,7/%98,9/%99,7 vbvbvb ++
= 8,65 % b/v
Lampiran 6. Penetapan Kadar Minyak Atsiri
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kadar Minyak Atsiri= %100)min( xsampelBerat
atsiriyakVolume
1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar
Sampel I
Volume minyak atsiri = 0,17 ml
Berat sampel = 15,095 g
Kadar minyak atsiri = %100095,1517,10 x
= 1,13% b/v
Sampel II
Volume minyak atsiri = 0,17 ml
Berat sampel = 15,007 g
Kadar minyak atsiri = %100007,1517,0 x
= 1,13% b/v
Sampel III
Volume minyak atsiri = 0,18 ml
Berat sampel = 15,008 g
Kadar minyak atsiri = x008,1518,0 100%
= 1,13% b/v
Kadar minyak atsiri rata – rata = 1,13% b/v + 1,13% b/v + 1,13% b/v
3
= 1,13% b/v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Kering
Sampel I
Volume minyak atsiri = 0 ,1ml
Berat sampel = 15,007 g
Kadar minyak atsiri = %100007,151,0 x
=0,66 % b/v
Sampel II
Volume minyak atsiri = 0,1ml
Berat sampel = 15,047 g
Kadar minyak atsiri = %100047,151,0
= 0,66% b/v
Sampel III
Volume minyak atsiri = 0,11 ml
Berat sampel = 15,008 g
Kadar minyak atsiri = %100008,1511,0 x
= 0,68% b/v
Kadar minyak atsiri rata – rata =3
/%68,0/%66,0/%66,0 vbvbvb ++
= 0,67% b/v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 7. Penetapan Kadar Sari yang Larut dalam Air
Kadar sari larut dalam air = %10020
100 xxsampelBerat
sariBerat
1. Simplisia
Sampel I
Berat sampel = 5,004 g
Berat sari = 0,179 g
Kadar sari larut air = %10020
100004,5179,0 xx
gg
= 17,89 % b/v
Sampel II
Berat sampel = 5,002 g
Berat sari = 0,145 g
Kadar sari larut air = %10020
100002,5145,0 xx
gg
= 14,49 % b/v
Sampel III
Berat sampel = 5,006 g
Berat sari = 0,163 g
Kadar sari larut air = %10020
100006,5163,0 xx
gg
= 16,28 % b/v
Kadar rata – rata = 3
/%28,16/%49,14/%8900,17 vbvbvb ++
= 16,22
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 8. Kadar Sari Larut dalam Etanol
Kadar sari larut dalam etanol = %10020
100 xxsampelBerat
sariBerat
Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali
Sampel I
Berat sampel = 5,006 g
Berat sari = 0,109 g
Kadar sari larut etanol = %10020
100006,5109,0 xx
gg
= 11,88% b/v
Sampel II
Berat sampel = 5,028 g
Berat sari = 0,121 g
Kadar sari larut etanol = %10020
100028,5121,0 xx
gg
= 12,03 % b/v
Sampel III
Berat sampel = 5,004 g
Berat sari = 0,147 g
Kadar sari larut etanol = %10020
100004,5147,0 xx
gg
= 14,69 % b/v
Kadar rata – rata = 3
/%69,14/%03,12/%88,11 vbvbvb ++
= 12,87% b/v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 9. Penetapan Kadar Abu Total
Kadar abu = %100xsampelBerat
abuBerat
Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali
Sampel I
Berat sampel = 2,0005 g
Berat abu = 0,1742 g
Kadar abu = %1000005,21742,0 x
= 8,71% b/b
Sampel II
Berat sampel = 2,0008 g
Berat abu = 0,1721 g
Kadar abu = %1000008,21721,0 x
= 8,60% b/b
Sampel III
Berat sampel = 2,0007 g
Berat abu = 0,1638 g
Kadar abu = %1000007,21638,0 x
= 8,18% b/b
Kadar abu total rata – rata = 3
/%18,8/%60,8/%71,8 bbbbbb ++
= 8,50% b/b
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 10. Penetapan Kadar Abu yang Tidak Larut dalam Asam
Kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam = %100xsampelBerat
abuBerat
Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali
Sampel I
Berat sampel = 2,0005 g
Berat abu = 0,0220 g
Kadar abu = %1000005,20220,0 x
= 1,09 % b/b
Sampel II
Berat sampel = 2,0008 g
Berat abu = 0,0210 g
Kadar abu = %1000008,20210,0 x
= 1,05% b/b
Sampel III
Berat sampel = 2,0007 g
Berat abu = 0,0210 g
Kadar abu = %1000007,20210,0 x
= 1,05 % b/b
Kadar abu total rata – rata = 3
/%05,1/%05,1/%09,1 bbbbbb ++
= 1,06 % b/b
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 11. Penetapan Indeks Bias
1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar
Sampel I = 1,398
Sampel II = 1,398
Sampel III = 1,398
Indeks bias rata-rata = 3
398,1398,1398,1 ++
= 1,398
2. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Kering
Sampel I = 1,398
Sampel II = 1,398
Sampel III = 1,398
Indeks bias rata-rata = 3
398,1398,1398,1 ++
= 1,398
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 12. Penentuan Bobot Jenis Minyak Atsiri
Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = BCBA
−−
Keterangan : A : Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri B : Bobot piknometer kosong C : Bobot piknometer + air suling
1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar
Sampel I
Bobot piknometer kosong = 8,5421 g
Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri = 10,2122 g
Bobot piknometer + air suling = 10,5422 g
Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = g8350,05421,85422,105421,82122,10
=−−
Sampel II
Bobot piknometer kosong = 8,5421 g
Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri = 10,2138 g
Bobot piknometer + air suling = 10,5422 g
Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = g8358,05421,85422,105421,82138,10
=−−
Sampel III
Bobot piknometer kosong = 8,5421 g
Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri = 10,2132 g
Bobot piknometer + air suling = 10,5422 g
Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = s ggggg 8355,0
5421,85422,105421,82132,10
=−−
Bobot jenis rata – rata = gggg 8354,03
8355,08358,08350,0=
++
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Kering
Sampel I
Bobot piknometer kosong = 8,5421 g
Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri = 10,2132 g
Bobot piknometer + air suling = 10,5422 g
Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = ggggg 8355,0
5421,85422,105421,82132,10
=−−
Sampel II
Bobot piknometer kosong = 8,5421 g
Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri = 10,2132 g
Bobot piknometer + air suling = 10,5422 g
Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = ggggg 8355,0
5421,8,85422,105421,82132,10
=−−
Sampel III
Bobot piknometer kosong = 8,5421 g
Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri = 10,2126 g
Bobot piknometer + air suling = 10,5422 g
Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = ggggg 8352,0
5421,85422,105421,82126,10
=−−
Bobot jenis rata – rata = gggg 8354,03
8352,08355,08355,0=
++
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 13. Flowsheet isolasi minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk bali segar Ditiriskan dan diiris Dikarakterisasi
Buah jeruk bali
Minyak atsiri dan air
Air Minyak atsiri dengan kemungkinan adanya air
Na2SO4 x H2O Minyak atsiri
ditambah Na2SO4 anhidrat
dipisahkan
Dicuci
Ditimbang
Kulit buah jeruk bali segar
1 Mikroskopis 2 Makroskopis 3 PK minyak atsiri
didestilasi air
Ampas
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 14. Flowsheet isolasi minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk bali kering Ditiriskan dan diiris Dikarakterisasi
Buah jeruk bali
Minyak atsiri dan air
Air Minyak atsiri dengan kemungkinan adanya air
Na2SO4 x H2O Minyak atsiri
ditambah Na2SO4 anhidrat
dipisahkan
Dicuci Dikeringkan dan ditimbang
Simplisia
1 Mikroskopis 2 Makroskopis 3 PK Air 4 PK Abu
-Total -Tidak larut asam
5. PK Sari -Larut air -Larut etanol
6. PK Minyak Atsiri
didestilasi air
Ampas
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 26. Pola Fragmentasi Komponen Minyak Atsiri
1. β-pinen
C10H16Exact Mass: 136.13
Mol. Wt.: 136.23m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84
CH315 C:
C9H13••
Exact Mass: 121.1Mol. Wt.: 121.2
m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)C, 89.19; H, 10.81
CH2
14 CH:
C8H11••
Exact Mass: 107.09Mol. Wt.: 107.17
m/e: 107.09 (100.0%), 108.09 (8.8%)C, 89.65; H, 10.35
CH214
C:
C7H9••
Exact Mass: 93.07Mol. Wt.: 93.15
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)C, 90.26; H, 9.74
C224
CH3.
C5H9••
Exact Mass: 69.07Mol. Wt.: 69.12
m/e: 69.07 (100.0%), 70.07 (5.4%)C, 86.88; H, 13.12
C:
CH2H3C
C3H5••
Exact Mass: 41.04Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27
C2H428
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2. β-misren
H3C
C
H3C
CH
H2C
CH2
CH
CH2
CH2
C10H16Exact Mass: 136.13
Mol. Wt.: 136.23m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84
- .CH3
C9H13Exact Mass: 121.1
Mol. Wt.: 121.2m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)
C, 89.19; H, 10.81.C
H3C
CH
H2C
CH2
CH
CH2
CH2
2HC CH2-24
.HC
HC
CH
C
CH
CH2
CH2
C7H9Exact Mass: 93.07
Mol. Wt.: 93.15m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)
C, 90.26; H, 9.74H
-:CH2
.HC
CH
C
CH
CH2
CH2
C6H7Exact Mass: 79.05
Mol. Wt.: 79.12m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)
C, 91.08; H, 8.92
HC
CH2.
CH2
.HC
HC
CH
C
CH
CH2
HC6H7
Exact Mass: 79.05Mol. Wt.: 79.12
m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)C, 91.08; H, 8.92
C3H5••
Exact Mass: 41.04Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27
.HC
C
CH.
-38
CH
CH2C2H3
Exact Mass: 27.02Mol. Wt.: 27.05
m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18
-:CH2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
3. D-limonen
CHH2C
H2CC
CH
CH2
CH3
C
CH2
C10H16Mol. Wt.: 136.23
m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)C, 88.16; H, 11.84
136
CHH2C
H2CC.
CH
CH2
C
CH2H3C
C9H13Mol. Wt.: 121.2
m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)
C, 89.19; H, 10.81
H3C
CHH2C
H2CC
CH
CH2
CH3
.C
CH2
C9H13Mol. Wt.: 121.2
m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)C, 89.19; H, 10.81
-.CH3-15
-.CH3-15
CH
.H2C
.CC
CH2
C
CH2H3C
C8H11Mol. Wt.: 107.17
m/e: 107.09 (100.0%), 108.09 (8.8%)
C, 89.65; H, 10.35
- :CH2
H2C
.CC
CH
C
CH2H3C
- :CH2
C7H9Mol. Wt.: 93.15
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)C, 90.26; H, 9.74
H2C
.CC
CH
CHH2C
C6H7Mol. Wt.: 79.12
m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)C, 91.08; H, 8.92
- :CH2
H
HCCH2
CH3C
.C C H-CH2
C
C
CH2
.
- :CH3
H3C
C5H8Mol. Wt.: 68.12
m/e: 68.06 (100.0%), 69.07 (5.5%)C, 88.16; H, 11.84
C4H5••
Mol. Wt.: 53.08m/e: 53.04 (100.0%), 54.04 (4.3%)
C, 90.51; H, 9.49
- C
C:
CH2
.
H3C
C3H5••
Mol. Wt.: 41.07m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)
C, 87.73; H, 12.27
-12
H
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4.Limonen Oksid
O .CH3.C
O
15
C9H13OExact Mass: 137.1
Mol. Wt.: 137.2m/e: 137.10 (100.0%), 138.10 (9.9%)
C, 78.79; H, 9.55; O, 11.66
C10H16OExact Mass: 152.12
Mol. Wt.: 152.23m/e: 152.12 (100.0%), 153.12 (10.9%)
C, 78.90; H, 10.59; O, 10.51
CH214
CH2
CH2:
C8H13••
Exact Mass: 109.1Mol. Wt.: 109.19
m/e: 109.10 (100.0%), 110.11 (8.8%)C, 88.00; H, 12.00
CH:
CH2
C7H9••
Exact Mass: 93.07Mol. Wt.: 93.15
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)C, 90.26; H, 9.74
CH2C:
H2C
C5H7••
Exact Mass: 67.05Mol. Wt.: 67.11
m/e: 67.05 (100.0%), 68.06 (5.5%)C, 89.49; H, 10.51
C2H2
26
CH214
26
CH3H2C
C3H5••
Exact Mass: 41.04Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27
26 C2H2
2HC C: H
C2H3••
Exact Mass: 27.02Mol. Wt.: 27.05
m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5.Kariofillen
CH3
C15H24Exact Mass: 204.19
Mol. Wt.: 204.35m/e: 204.19 (100.0%), 205.19 (16.5%), 206.19 (1.2%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84
.C
C14H21Exact Mass: 189.16Mol. Wt.: 189.32
m/e: 189.16 (100.0%), 190.17 (15.4%), 191.17 (1.1%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18
C13H19Exact Mass: 175.15Mol. Wt.: 175.29
m/e: 175.15 (100.0%), 176.15 (14.3%)C, 89.07; H, 10.93
CH2
CH2
.C
C12H17Exact Mass: 161.13
Mol. Wt.: 161.26m/e: 161.13 (100.0%), 162.14 (13.2%)
C, 89.37; H, 10.63
.C
CH2
C10H13Exact Mass: 133.1Mol. Wt.: 133.21
m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)C, 90.16; H, 9.84
C11H15Exact Mass: 147.12Mol. Wt.: 147.24
m/e: 147.12 (100.0%), 148.12 (12.1%)C, 89.73; H, 10.27
CH2
.CH
CH2
15 14
14
CH2
14
CH214
.C
C2H428
.CH2
.CH
C10H13Exact Mass: 133.1Mol. Wt.: 133.21
m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)C, 90.16; H, 9.84
CH2
CH
C9H12Exact Mass: 120.09
Mol. Wt.: 120.19m/e: 120.09 (100.0%), 121.10 (9.9%)
C, 89.94; H, 10.06
.CH
CH
C8H9Exact Mass: 105.07Mol. Wt.: 105.16
m/e: 105.07 (100.0%), 106.07 (8.7%)C, 91.37; H, 8.63
CH3
CH
C7H9Exact Mass: 93.07
Mol. Wt.: 93.15m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)
C, 90.26; H, 9.74
H3C
CH
C6H7Exact Mass: 79.05Mol. Wt.: 79.12
m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)C, 91.08; H, 8.92
CH2:
C4H7••
Exact Mass: 55.05Mol. Wt.: 55.1
m/e: 55.05 (100.0%), 56.06 (4.4%)C, 87.19; H, 12.81
CH2:H2C
C3H5••
Exact Mass: 41.04Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27
CH2.
C2H3Exact Mass: 27.02
Mol. Wt.: 27.05m/e:
C, 88.82; H, 11.18
CH
13
CH315
C
12
C2
24
CH2
14
14
CH2
CH2
14
Universitas Sumatera Utara
6. Germakren D
HC
H2CCH2
CH2
C
CH
CH
CH
H2C
CH2
CH3
CH
CH3
CH3 C15H24Mol. Wt.: 204.35
m/e: 204.19 (100.0%), 205.19 (16.5%), 206.19 (1.2%)C, 88.16; H, 11.84
.HC
CH3
CH3
C3H7Mol. Wt.: 43.09
m/e: 43.05 (100.0%), 44.06 (3.3%)C, 83.63; H, 16.37
HC
H2CCH2
CH2
C
CCH
CH
H2C
CH2
CH3
C12H17Exact Mass: 161.13Mol. Wt.: 161.26
m/e: 161.13 (100.0%), 162.14 (13.2%)C, 89.37; H, 10.63
-:CH2. HC
H2CCH2
CH2
C
CCH
CH2
CH2
CH3
C11H15Exact Mass: 147.12Mol. Wt.: 147.24
m/e: 147.12 (100.0%), 148.12 (12.1%)C, 89.73; H, 10.27
H
-:CH2.
HC
H2CCH2
C
CCH
CH2
CH3
HC
H2CCH2
C:
CCH
CH2
H2C
CH2:
C10H13••
Exact Mass: 133.1Mol. Wt.: 133.21
m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)C, 90.16; H, 9.84
C9H11••
Exact Mass: 119.09Mol. Wt.: 119.18
m/e: 119.09 (100.0%), 120.09 (9.9%)C, 90.70; H, 9.30
-:CH2.
H
HC
H2CCH2
C:
CCH
CH2
H
C8H9••
Exact Mass: 105.07Mol. Wt.: 105.16
m/e: 105.07 (100.0%), 106.07 (8.7%)C, 91.37; H, 8.63
-:CH2.
HC
H2CCH2
:C
C:
C
C
H-:CH2.
C7H7••••
Exact Mass: 91.05Mol. Wt.: 91.13
m/e: 91.05 (100.0%), 92.06 (7.7%)C, 92.26; H, 7.74
HC
H2CCH2
C:
H
C4H7••
Exact Mass: 55.05Mol. Wt.: 55.1
m/e: 55.05 (100.0%), 56.06 (4.4%)C, 87.19; H, 12.81
:C
-36
C
H2C
C:
H
-:CH2.
C3H5••
Exact Mass: 41.04Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27
H-:CH2.
CC:
H
H
H H
C2H3••
Exact Mass: 27.02Mol. Wt.: 27.05
m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18
HH
Universitas Sumatera Utara