APPENDIX A

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS TEST (EAT) (English Version)

Please fill in the following informations: Name : ________________________________Age: ________________ Sex : Male Female Level of : B.Sc. B.A. M.Sc. M.A. Other Education School : Government Private Area of : ______________________________________________________ specification Length of teacher experience: __________________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS

For each of the items 1 to 40, you will find four alternatives. There is only

one correct answer for each of the item. Select the correct answer and tick mark

(PP ) of the corresponding alphabet. If you to erase, do erase it by putting an (X)

mark in that box and choose another box and put tick mark (PP ) for another

response of your choice. If you mark more than one answer to an item, you will

get no credit to that answer.

Thank you,

Sl. No.

Statements Response Alternative

1. Environment can be defined as

(A) That which effects human beings only (B) All living beings put together (C) Everything that effects living and non-living things during

its life time

(D) Those things which meet our material needs

2. The plant which can survive under dry and severe summer (desert climate) is

(A) Rose (B) Cactus (C) Orchid (D) Hydrilla

3. The burning of fuel emits oxides of sulphur and nitrogen

into air. In long term it results in

(A) Destruction of forests (B) Acid rains (C) Total displacement of oxygen in air (D) Corrosion of engine

4. In 1991, an agreement was signed by 24 countries to ban

mineral and oil exploration in Antarctica for 50 years. This means

(A) There is immense loss to industries (B) We are protecting the region from activities that will

destroy environment

(C) There is wastage of natural resources found in plenty in the region

(D) There is no importance given to scientific development

5. With regard to ecological food chain, man is a (A) Consumer (B) Producer (C) Both consumer and producer (D) None of them

6. An alternative to animal research and testing especially in the field to medical sciences would be

(A) To prefer animals which are no use (B) To prefer human beings (C) To stop all research works (D) To prefer stimulated computer models

7. Environmental education should lay emphasis on issues

related to

(A) Regional and national level (B) International level (C) National and international (D) Regional, national and international

8. For life to exist there should be

(A) Interaction between human beings (B) Interaction between living and non-living components (C) Acceptance and adoption of innovation in science and

technology

(D) Productive harnessing of natural resources for economic value

9. Biodiversity is defined in terms of

(A) Protecting different groups of animals (B) Fostering many kinds of plants, trees and animals (C) Wide ranging variations that are seen in living organisms (D) Having several types of animals and birds

10. One of the measures for conserving biodiversity is

(A) By conducting a number of laboratory research in the field of genetics

(B) By not allowing developing countries to use their resources (C) By immediately pooling all the genes from all over the

world

(D) By setting up national parks and reserves 11. There is a lot of focus on a place called Kaiga in Karnataka

because

(A) It has many polluting industries (B) There is a proposal to construct a nuclear power plant (C) There is a controversial debate on the construction of a dam (D) It is drought prone area

12. The major objectives of environmental education as a new approach is to

(A) Be taught as one of the subjects in schools (B) Bring an environmental concern in all subject areas (C) To impact knowledge of environment (D) Emphasise on economic value of environment

13. Oil spills are highly dangerous because

(A) They pose radiation hazard (B) It will result in air pollution (C) Living organisms in water cannot get sufficient oxygen (D) There cannot be recreational activities in water

14. The Narmada Sagar project is disastrous because

(A) Water available will be used only for agricultural purposes (B) Industries will get no priority once the dam is build (C) Lakhs of people will be displaced from this area (D) Very poor and cheap technology is used in building the dam

15. An example of first order consumer is

(A) Dog (B) Deer (C) Wolf (D) Cat

16. The best alternative for firewood and charcoal as a source

of energy would be

(A) Energy from petroleum products (B) Nuclear energy (C) Solar energy (D) Animal dung

17. Excessive use of pesticides will

(A) Enrich soil with all nutrients (B) Decrease ability of bacteria to decay humus (C) Produce a very high yield of crops (D) Destroys all pests which cause harm to crops

18. The non-renewable source of energy is

(A) Minerals (B) Living organisms (C) Forests (D) Soil

19. Medha Patkar is associated with (A) Literacy movement (B) Slum peoples rehabilitation movement (C) Save Narmada Movement (D) Population control activism

20. Three quarters of world’s poorest nations are in continent

(A) Africa (B) Asia (C) Antarctica (D) South America

21. In olden days, a large piece of land with lot of trees, plants,

animals were left untouched in the name of God (Sacred Groove). This means people those times

(A) Were preserving natural resources for generation (B) Did not have scientific outlook (C) Did not know the economic value of plants and animals (D) Suffered a lot because they could not harness these

resources due to poor technology

22. Chloro-fluro carbons are used for

(A) Cyclostyling systems (B) Laptop computer systems (C) Refrigeration systems (D) Fax machine systems

23. The major producer of oxygen to the biosphere is

(A) Green plants (B) Ozone layer (C) Algae (D) Urea

24. The logo and symbol of WWF (Worldwide Fund for

Nature) is

(A) Giant Panda (B) Tiger (C) Kangaroo (D) Elephant

25. An extremely poisonous gas which leaked out from a pesticide plant in Bhopal was

(A) Tetrachlorobenzene (B) Hydrogensulphide (C) Methane (D) Methylisocyanate

26. People of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are victims of

(A) Radiation pollution (B) Boom in technology (C) Volcanic eruptions (D) Uneven land surface with lot of mountainous region

27. The concept of carbon cycle comes under aspect in

environmental education

(A) Energy flow (B) Bio-geo chemical cycles (C) Chemical cycles (D) Food chain

28. Trees are grown in and around cities to reduce

(A) Effect of sunlight (B) Pollution of air (C) Velocity of wind (D) Soil erosion during rainy season

29. An NGO ‘APPIKO’ is working for the welfare of

environment. It is in a place called

(A) Sirsi (B) Bangalore (C) Simla (D) Nellore

30. Climatic changes has resulted in global warming. This

change is due to

(A) Decrease in rainfall (B) Decrease in oxygen gas in atmosphere (C) Increase of carbondioxide gas in atmosphere (D) Lot of garbage dumping

31. The abiotic (non-living) component which is considered as a chief source of energy is

(A) Wood (B) Wind (C) Soil (D) Sunlight

32. The program of Chinese Government to curb population

growth is by

(A) Using role model countries (B) Putting forth some religious beliefs (C) Encouraging couples to have only one child (D) Mass sterilisation program

33. The important elements involved in bio-geochemical cycles

are

(A) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (B) Carbon, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Oxygen (C) Carbon, Helium, Oxygen, Argon (D) Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Helium

34. The Environment Protection Act was passed in the year

(A) 1996 (B) 1966 (C) 1986 (D) 1989

35. Carbondioxide, Methane, Chloroflurocarbons, Ozone are

(A) Gases used by plants for different life mechanisms (B) Gases released from automobiles (C) Gases of high economic value (D) Green house gases

36. The Kaziranga National Park is in state

(A) Mizoram (B) Gujarath (C) Maharastra (D) Assam

37. Environmental education focus to maintain a good environment for

(A) A decade (B) Future (C) Both present and future (D) Present

38. In Karnataka serious concerns have been raised against

“Monasants’” genetic experiment because

(A) This will bring down food production (B) As it is a multinational company it will bring monopoly in

production of crops

(C) They are trying out a technology which will makes seeds sterile

(D) Any kind of foreign research destroys the fabric of Indian culture

39. Desertification is caused by

(A) High velocity winds (B) Human activities that turn productive land to barren land (C) Scanty rainfall (D) Constant heating of land due to severe summer conditions

and less vegetation

40. A unified method of teaching environmental education was

reflected in

(A) World development (B) Rio Earth Summit (C) T Bilisi Conference (D) Seminar on Environmental Education in Finland

* PLEASE CHECK IF YOU HAVE ANSWERED ALL QUESTIONS*

APPENDIX B

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS TEST (EAT) (Persian Version)

APPENDIX C

TAJ ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE SCALE (TEAS) (English Version)

Please fill in the following informations: Name : ________________________________Age: ________________ School : Government Private Sex: Male Female Educational : ______________________________________________________ Qualification Occupation : ______________________________________________________ Annual income from all sources: ________________________________________ Religion: _______________________ Locality: _________________________

INSTRUCTIONS This scale consists of 61 statements aimed to identify the attitudes of people towards various aspects of environment. There are no right or wrong answers. What is required is your own individual feeling or opinion about the statements for each statement, four alternatives are given and you have to express your view in any of the four alternatives, by making tick mark (PP ) on the cell below that preferred response.

SA Strongly Agree A Agree D Disagree SD Strongly Disagree

SCORING TABLE

Areas I II III IV V VI Total

Raw scores

Stanine

Interpretation

Sl. No.

Areas Statements SA A D SD

*1. IV The use of fertilizers is essential to increase agricultural yield.

c c c c

2. V Over population leads to poverty. c c c c

*3. I Food additives are not hazardous to the health. c c c c

4. V Family planning should be made mandatory to decrease population growth.

c c c c

*5. III Cutting of forests is essential to increase agricultural yields.

c c c c

*6. V Children are future investments; the more children a family has, the better for the country.

c c c c

7. VI All are responsible for environmental pollution. c c c c

*8. IV More and more hydroelectric power stations should be created to meet the need of people.

c c c c

*9. V Developing countries should have more population in order to accelerate growth.

c c c c

10. VI Education about local issues and environmental pollution should be made mandatory in schools.

c c c c

11. VI Shop-keepers should stop handing out plastic carry-bags.

c c c c

*12. IV More and more power stations should be built as a mark of human progress.

c c c c

13. VI People who leave their picnic litters in parks should be fined.

c c c c

14. VI There should be more wind mills. c c c c

15. IV The construction of new ski-resorts should be forbidden.

c c c c

*16. IV Destruction to ozone layer will hardly affect the near future.

c c c c

Sl. No.

Areas Statements SA A D SD

*17. IV Engine idling is inevitable though it wastes fuel and contributes to air pollution.

c c c c

*18. II Habitual meat eaters need not change their food habits, just to show mercy towards animals.

c c c c

*19. II Legislation on prevention of killing of animals was unwanted.

c c c c

*20. IV Possessors of more vehicles contributing to more air pollution should be punished.

c c c c

21. IV High income groups who directly or indirectly account for most green house gas emission should be penalized.

c c c c

*22. IV It is a right of high level income groups to have high level of resource consumption and waste generation.

c c c c

23. VI Protection of environment should be the sole responsibility of the governments and not of the individuals.

c c c c

*24. IV Toxic wastes will not harm the human beings. c c c c

25. IV Excessive energy consumers should be fined heavily.

c c c c

*26. II All people need not be kind and compassionate towards animals.

c c c c

*27. IV The large sums of money spent on environment pollution control could be put to better use on other things.

c c c c

*28. IV Water pollution is not a serious problem because 80% of the world’s surface is water.

c c c c

29. IV Even a layman can do a lot to prevent pollution of environment.

c c c c

Sl. No.

Areas Statements SA A D SD

30. IV Parking fees should be made compulsory in places of work in those who commute by their personal vehicles.

c c c c

31. IV Higher gasoline prices should be charged to discourage the use of personal vehicles.

c c c c

32. VI Conservation of energy should be regarded as the responsibility of everyone.

c c c c

*33. III The government should increase its revenue by clearing the forests.

c c c c

*34. IV Mining brings more benefits than problems to the local community.

c c c c

*35. V Population control does not assure a reasonable standard of living for future generations.

c c c c

*36. VI It is not necessary to spend money to clean the drainages, because any way that will be washed away by rain.

c c c c

37. VI We are all responsible in one way or the other for the depletion of ozone layer.

c c c c

*38. VI Aspiring for a better quality of life need not involve one’s personal efforts to stem out the increasing toxification of earth.

c c c c

*39. VI The interests of the future generations should be sacrificed for luxurious life at present.

c c c c

40. IV One should use energy resources, such as solar, which cause least pollution.

c c c c

41. IV The government should ban the use of plastic containers to reduce pollution of our surroundings.

c c c c

42. IV People should be encouraged to ride bicycles and paddled bancas to prevent pollution.

c c c c

Sl. No.

Areas Statements SA A D SD

43. IV Solid wastes should be made to dispose only in the land fills or pits.

c c c c

44. IV The government should reduce the tax paid by factories that possess anti-pollution facilities.

c c c c

45. IV The explosion of science and technology has lead to the poisonous effect on the environment.

c c c c

46. I Over pollution of the environment can cause misery and sufferings to human beings.

c c c c

47. IV All the smoke belching vehicles should be removed from the roads.

c c c c

48. III Participation in afforestation programmes is a mere waste of time and energy.

c c c c

49. VI People having no concern for environmental protection should be penalised.

c c c c

*50. IV Environment is least affected though domestic garbage is dumped on the roadsides.

c c c c

51. VI Conservation of resources is necessary for the sake of future generations.

c c c c

52. I Pesticides should not be sprayed on vegetables. c c c c

*53. III Even the steep hill sides should not be left out of cultivation in order to increase the productivity.

c c c c

54. II Excessive use of animals in laboratory experiments for testing medicines should be forbidden.

c c c c

*55. III The effects of acid rain on our forests are still acceptable.

c c c c

*56. II It is not wrong to hunt animals for commercial purposes.

c c c c

Sl. No.

Areas Statements SA A D SD

57. IV One should participate in campaigns on “stop pollution”.

c c c c

*58. II It is not wrong to hunt animals for food. c c c c

*59. I The industrial and toxic waste dumps located away from residential areas do not pose any safety risks.

c c c c

60. VI Every individual should complain against waste dumping whether it is near to their residences or far.

c c c c

61. I Environmental pollution leads to health hazards.

c c c c

APPENDIX D

TAJ ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE SCALE (TEAS) (Persian Version)

APPENDIX E

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ABILITY MEASURE (EAAM)

(English Version) Please fill up the following informations: Name : _______________________________________________________ Age : _____________________________ Sex: Male Female Level of education: _____________________________________________________ School/College: ___________________________ Religion ___________________ Caste: ___________________________________ Monthly income ____________ Occupation of father ___________________________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS

Given forth are fifty-one statements which you should read one by one

and respond to each statement by marking tick mark (PP ) in any one cell of the

two responses – Agree or Disagree.

Do not spend too much time on any one item. Your responses should be

spontaneous as well as accurate because these statements reflect your level of

awareness and sensitivity about the environment you live in.

Response Sl. No.

Statements

Agree Disagree

1. Man is responsible mainly for environmental pollution. c c

2. Pollution is more in developing countries than that in developed countries.

c c

3. Large scale industrialisation is a significant cause of environmental pollution.

c c

4. Mass movement is a must for protection of environment. c c

*5. Big dams are essential for production of hydroelectricity. c c

6. Special attention must be given to the non-conventional sources of energy, i.e. wind energy, solar energy, etc.

c c

7. Communication medias have vital role to make people aware of their environments.

c c

8. There must be a planned programme to grow renewable and alternative source of energy.

c c

*9. Use of wind energy in producing electricity enhances pollution.

c c

10. Use of nuclear reactor is not desirable in view of pollution.

c c

11. Spray of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides should be banned.

c c

12. Use of lead-free petrol is desirable. c c

13. Smoking at public places should be strictly prohibited. c c

14. Increasing population is the main cause of environmental pollution.

c c

15. There should be balance between available energy sources and their use.

c c

*16. Energy sources like coal, petrol, etc. should be used at large scale.

c c

Response Sl. No.

Statements

Agree Disagree

17. Greenhouse effect is responsible for the increment of temperature of biosphere.

c c

18. Leather and fertilizer industries are responsible for water pollution.

c c

19. Tree plantation is essential for the regulation of environmental temperature.

c c

20. Ozone layer in biosphere is essential for our existence. c c

21. Ban on nuclear test is desirable for preventing environmental pollution.

c c

22. All should take active part in community cleanliness drive.

c c

*23. Fertilizer factories should be located near the housing colonies.

c c

24. Our vehicles should be checked time to time for preventing air pollution.

c c

25. Nuclear wastes should be disposed off with utmost care. c c

26. To abide by family welfare programme is the duty of every citizen.

c c

*27. In order to increase foodgrains agriculture should be accelerated by removing forests.

c c

28. Use of solar energy is pollution free. c c

29. Rapid deforestation unbalances the rain-cycle of a place. c c

30. Biofertilizer should be used for maintaining the fertility of soil.

c c

31. Catalytic converter must be used in the vehicles for preventing smoke pollution (air pollution).

c c

32. Deforestation is the main cause of soil-erosion and flood.

c c

Response Sl. No.

Statements

Agree Disagree

33. Use of narcotics and drugs (opium, charas, cocaine, etc.) should be banned.

c c

34. Every year from 1st to 7 th October, Forest Conservation Week must be observed with gaiety.

c c

35. Protection of rare animals like, leopard, rhino and Kashmiri stag is essential.

c c

36. Paper should be used properly with regard to forest conservation.

c c

37. Mixed-cropping and crop-rotation are proper methods for upkeeping the fertility of soil.

c c

38. Noise pollution is harmful for our health. c c

39. Fume emitted for vehicles and factories is responsible for acid-rain.

c c

40. Silencers must be used in vehicles. c c

*41. Alcohol producing plants like sugarcane, potato, etc. should not be grown as substitute of petrol-fuel.

c c

42. Indians have more percentage of D.D.T. in their body in comparison to the people of other countries.

c c

43. Wheat revolution played an important role in resolving malnutrition-problem.

c c

44. Forestation must be there in 1/3 of the net area of India. c c

45. Unpolluted water is essential for life. c c

46. Community immunisation programme should be launched to prevent communicable diseases.

c c

*47. Production of refrigerators and jet aircrafts should be stopped for preserving the ozone layer.

c c

48. Fall in mortality rate and increment in average life-span are the prime causes of population growth.

c c

Response Sl. No.

Statements

Agree Disagree

49. Attention should be given on the productivity of cattle. c c

*50. Satellites and rockets should not be launched for preventing space-pollution.

c c

51. Increase in greenhouse gas is a great danger to world community.

c c

APPENDIX F

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ABILITY MEASURE (EAAM)

(Persian Version)

APPENDIX G

LIST OF HIGH SCHOOLS INDIA – MYSORE CITY

A. Government Schools

1. Demonstration School 2. Nizamiya 3. Bifarcated Mahara Ja, Nazarbad 4. Maharani 5. Lakshmipuram 6. Rajarajeshwari 7. Gopala Swamy Sishuvihara 8. Peoples’ Park 9. Maharaja 10. Cement Block, Chamundipuram 11. Kukkarahalli B. Private Schools

1. St. Joseph 2. Hardwick Higher Primary School 3. Nirmala 4. J.S.S. 5. Lalitha, Yadavagiri 6. Sarada Vilas 7. Kannika Cauvery 8. D. Banumaiah 9. Sadvidya 10. Mahajana 11. Sidhartha 12. Royal 13. Good Shephard 14. C.F.T.R.I. 15. Avila 16. Rotary West 17. Chinnmaya 18. St. Mathia 19. Gnanaganga Vidyapeeta 20. Sunanda 21. Sri Vani Vilas Urs 22. Montessori 23. Marimallappa 24. St. Anthony 25. Ashoka 26. Vijaya Vittala 27. Adarsha 28. Sri Shivayagi 29. Farooqia 30. St. Philomenas 31. St. Thomas 32. Seventh Day Adventist 33. Southern Railway Women’s Organisation, Lalitha High School

34. Sarvodaya

35. St. Rita

IRAN – TEHRAN CITY

A. Government Schools

1. Mollasadra 2. Sajjad 3. Al Zahra 4. Fadak 5. Narjes 6. Kosar 7. Danesh 8. Shahed 9. Taghva Pishegan 10. Fatemiye 11. Isar Garan 12. Shahid Madani 13. Besat 14. Hajar 15. Shohadaye Mantaghe 16. Shahid Ba Hanar 17. Panzdahe Khordad 18. Imam Hosein 19. Ershad 20. Shahid Andarzgu 21. Dr. Shariati 22. Shahid-Beheshti 23. Shahid-Motahhari 24. Salimi-Jahromi 25. Fazilat 26. Jaber-Ebne-Haiyan 27. Kosar-2 28. Shahid-Pak-Nejad 29. Rahe-E-Zeinab 30. Mahdiye 31. Noore-Ghaem 32. Shahid-Danesh 33. Shahid-Rajaee 34. Tohid B. Private Schools

1. Rudaki 2. Dr. Hasht Roodi 3. Ruzbeh 4. Gol ha 5. Milad-E-Danesh 6. Bahar-E-Danesh 7. Talash 8. Tarbiyat 9. Dr. Hesabi 10. Daneshmand 11. Basheer 12. Sajjad-2 13. Sama 14. Imam Sadegh 15. Pishgam 16. Daneshjoo 17. Jahan-E-Danesh 18. Borhan 19. Andishe 20. Amir Kabeer 21. Hoda 22. Mehr 23. Ghods