158

APPENDIX A

RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRES

159

APPENDIX A1

State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 - Indian Adaptation for Children (STAXI-2-IAC)

Child Form

Name ----------------------------- Date of birth------------ Class------- Div----

Instructions:

It is common to feel angry (everyone feels angry sometimes) and different people react in different ways. A

number of statements are given below which students use to describe themselves. Read each statement and

circle the number which describes you the best. Your answers will be kept confidential; so give honest

answers. There are no right or wrong answers. (It is important to give answers as how you would behave in

reality when the situation arises rather than how you would like to behave). There is no time limit, but do

not spend too much time on any one statement.

Part 1- Circle the answers that best describes your present feelings:

Not at all Somewhat Often Very much

1 2 3 4

How I feel right now-

1. I feel irritated. 1 2 3 4

2. I feel angry. 1 2 3 4

3. I feel like shouting at somebody. 1 2 3 4

4. I feel like banging on the table. 1 2 3 4

5. I feel like yelling. 1 2 3 4

6. I feel like hitting someone. 1 2 3 4

7. I feel annoyed. 1 2 3 4

8. I feel like cursing out loudly. 1 2 3 4

9. I feel like kicking somebody. 1 2 3 4

160

Part 2- Circle the answers that best describes how you generally feel or react:

Never Sometimes Often (Usually) Always

1 2 3 4

10. I get angry very easily. 1 2 3 4

11. I get angry when I am slowed down by other’s mistakes 1 2 3 4

12. I get angry when someone criticizes me. 1 2 3 4

13. I am an angry person. 1 2 3 4

14. I get irritated by silly things. 1 2 3 4

15. I feel angry when I prepare hard & get poor marks. 1 2 3 4

16. I control my anger. 1 2 3 4

17. When I get angry, I say bad (nasty) things. 1 2 3 4

18. When I get angry, I try to become calm again 1 2 3 4

19. I sulk when I get angry. 1 2 3 4

20. I stay calm when I am irritated. 1 2 3 4

21. When I get angry, I shout, hit or bang doors. 1 2 3 4

22. When I am angry, I try to relax. 1 2 3 4

23. I go away from that place, when I am angry 1 2 3 4

24. When I get angry, I control my behaviour. 1 2 3 4

25. When I am angry, I argue with others 1 2 3 4

26. I try to reduce my anger as soon as possible, when I am angry 1 2 3 4

27. When I get angry, my whole day is spoiled 1 2 3 4

28. When I am angry, I try to be understanding 1 2 3 4

29. I show my anger 1 2 3 4

30. I can remain calm under pressure 1 2 3 4

31. When I am angry, I boil inside but don’t show it 1 2 3 4

32. When I am angry, I control my feelings 1 2 3 4

33. I get punished (in class) because of my angry behaviour. 1 2 3 4

34. I stay calm when things go wrong 1 2 3 4

35. When I get angry, I feel bad but don’t tell anyone about it 1 2 3 4

161

APPENDIX A2

State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 - Indian Adaptation for Children (STAXI-2-IAC)

Parent Form

Name of your child ----------------------------- Date of birth------------ Class------- Div----

Name of the Parent ------------------------------

Instructions:

It is common to feel angry (everyone feels angry sometimes) and different people react in different ways. A

number of statements are given below which students use to describe themselves. Read each statement and

circle the number which describes your child the best. Your answers will be kept confidential; so give honest

answers. There are no right or wrong answers. (It is important to give answers as how your child would behave

in reality when the situation arises rather than how you would like him/her to behave). There is no time limit,

but do not spend too much time on any one statement

Part 1- Circle the answers that best describes your child’s present feelings:

Not at all Somewhat Often (frequently) Very much

1 2 3 4

How he/she feels right now-

1. He/she feels irritated. 1 2 3 4

2. He/she feels angry. 1 2 3 4

3. He/she feels like shouting at somebody. 1 2 3 4

4. He/she feels like banging on the table. 1 2 3 4

5. He/she feels like yelling. 1 2 3 4

6. He/she feels like hitting someone. 1 2 3 4

7. He/she feels annoyed. 1 2 3 4

8. He/she feels like cursing out loudly. 1 2 3 4

9. He/she feels like kicking somebody. 1 2 3 4

162

Part 2- Circle the answers that best describes how he/she generally feels or reacts:

Never Sometimes Often (frequently) Always

1 2 3 4

10. He/she gets angry very easily. 1 2 3 4

11. He/she get angry when he/she am slowed down by other’s mistakes 1 2 3 4

12. He/she gets angry when someone criticizes me. 1 2 3 4

13. He/she is an angry person. 1 2 3 4

14. He/she gets irritated by silly things. 1 2 3 4

15. He/she feels angry when he/she prepare hard & get poor marks. 1 2 3 4

16. He/she controls his/her anger. 1 2 3 4

17. When he/she get angry, He/She says bad (nasty) things. 1 2 3 4

18. When he/She get angry, he/she tries to become calm again 1 2 3 4

19. He/she sulks when He/She get angry. 1 2 3 4

20. He/she stays calm when He/She gets irritated. 1 2 3 4

21. When he/she gets angry, He/She shouts, hit or bang doors. 1 2 3 4

22. When he/she is angry, he/she tries to relax. 1 2 3 4

23. He/she goes away from that place, when he/she is angry 1 2 3 4

24. When he/she gets angry, he/she controls behaviour. 1 2 3 4

25. When he/she is angry, he/she argues with others 1 2 3 4

26. He/she tries to reduce his/her anger as soon as possible, when angry 1 2 3 4

27. When he/she gets angry, his/her whole day is spoiled 1 2 3 4

28. When he/she is angry, he/she tries to be understanding 1 2 3 4

29. He/she shows his/her anger 1 2 3 4

30. He/she can remain calm under pressure 1 2 3 4

31. When he/she is angry, he/she boils inside but don’t show it 1 2 3 4

32. When he/she is angry, he/she controls his/her feelings 1 2 3 4

33. He/she get punished (in class) because of his/her angry behaviour. 1 2 3 4

34. He/she stays calm when things go wrong 1 2 3 4

35. When he/she gets angry, he/she feels bad but does not tell anyone

about it. 1 2 3 4

163

APPENDIX A3

Developmental Psychopathology Checklist for Children (DPCL)

Sr. No.: Date:

Name of the child:

Age: Sex:

Class:

Mother tongue: Languages spoken:

Medium of Instruction: Handedness:

Details regarding the family:

Age, Education, Occupation:

Child lives with: Father, Mother, (Others)

Number of siblings and the order of birth:

Consanguinity: If present, specify:

A. DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY

1 Did the mother, before, during or just after child birth, suffer from any problems like illness or

difficult labour?

0 1

2 Did the child have any serious illness soon after birth? If yes, specify.

0 1

3 Has the child had epilepsy, head injury, infections or any other serious illness? (If yes, specify).

0 1

4 Has the child any problems in seeing? (If yes, describe).

0 1

5 Has the child any problems in hearing? (If yes, describe).

0 1

6 Between the ages of 1 and 3, could the child walk, climb, throw a ball? (If not, mark as present)

0 1

7 Could the child by the age of 3 cut paper, thread beads? (If not, mark as present)

0 1

8 Between the ages of 1 and 3 could the child speak in small sentences? (If not, mark as present)

0 1

9 Could the child between the age of 1 and 3 years show appropriate emotional expression in

relation to parents and others and did he/she enjoy playing with other children? (If not, mark as

present)

0 1

10 Could the child between the age of 3 and 5 years, feed, wash and dress him/herself? (If not,

mark as present)

0 1

164

B. DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS

Currently or in the past, has there been a problem:

11 Of dropping things, falling or tripping frequently. 0 1

12 For brief periods when the child cried continuously to the extent of holding breath, becoming

stiff, and turning blue in the face.

0 1

13 Of making odd or funny, repeated movements of the face, body, arms and legs.

0 1

14 In pronouncing words clearly ( for example, 'Labbit' for "Rabbit')

0 1

15 In speaking, as stammering or stuttering

0 1

Currently does the child have the problems of:

16 Not talking at all and remaining mute, despite knowing how to speak, in some situations and to

some people.

0 1

17 Repeating the words spoken by others exactly in the manner it was heard, without appearing to

understand the meaning.

0 1

18 Appearing to understand what is being said but seemingly not being able to answer.

0 1

19 Of not being able to understand what is being spoken.

0 1

20 Appearing to understand and know how to speak, but speaking in a manner which other people

find difficult to understand, and refusing to use gestures to convey his/her needs.

0 1

21 Not being able to relate to people.

0 1

22 Not being able to play with other children.

0 1

23 Feeding such as overeating, food fads or fussy eating habits, and eating non-edible things such

as mud. (If present, specify).

0 1

24 Wetting clothes or bed from a very early age.

0 1

25 Resuming wetting of the clothes or bed, after being dry early on.

0 1

26 Of soiling the clothes with stools, or has constipation (if present, specify)

0 1

27 Sleeping such as sleep-walking, sleep talking, teeth grinding, nightmares, etc. (if present,

specify)

0 1

28 Masturbating or any other sexual problems (which is indulged in public)

0 1

C. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

The items below are marked as being present only when they occur often or most of the time

but not when they occur sometimes.

165

Does the child have the problems of:

29 Poor attention

0 1

30 Distractibility - (if the child is doing a task and someone enters the room, or he hears a sound,

does he easily get distracted by this)

0 1

31 Inability to sit in a place, and always moving around.

0 1

32 Acting without thinking, like while crossing the road not looking out for the traffic 0 1

33 Stubbornness

0 1

34 Disobedience

0 1

35 Often interrupting others games, talk, being disruptive while playing, or breaking / throwing

things frequently.

0 1

36 Quarrelsomeness and fighting

0 1

37 Aggression as seen by hitting, biting and pinching others (with / without provocation)

0 1

38 Getting very angry, crying a lot, rolling on the ground and continuing to be so for a long time,

when his/her demands are not met.

0 1

39 Going to school and coming back on time, but actually does not attend the school.

0 1

40 Indulging in lying and cheating.

0 1

41 Refusing to go to school and staying back home for a duration of weeks or months.

0 1

42 Poor school performance.

0 1

43 Reading difficulty.

0 1

44 Difficulty in writing.

0 1

45 Difficulty in arithmetic.

0 1

46 Forgetfulness or poor memory.

0 1

47 Day dreaming.

0 1

48 Being very quiet and reserved (withdrawn).

0 1

49 Talking very little even with family members.

0 1

50 Worrying.

0 1

51 Anxiousness and nervousness.

0 1

52 Shyness and timidity.

0 1

53 Is fearful of animals / people / situations.

0 1

54 Clinging.

0 1

55 Crying easily. 0 1

166

56 Going on doing a particular thing over and again, such as washing hands, or repeatedly saying

certain numbers, or expressing that certain thoughts come to his/her mind repeatedly to the

extent that it interferes with his/her daily activities.

0 1

57 Complaining of dizziness or giddiness

0 1

58 Complaining of aches and pains.

0 1

59 Complaining of appearing to be always tired. 0 1

60 Complaining of stomach ache.

0 1

61 Fainting spells.

0 1

62 Attacks of jerky movements and unconsciousness (fits or convulsions to be differentiated from

epilepsy by a clinician).

0 1

63 Complaining of pulling sensation of the limbs.

0 1

64 Chronic physical illness (specify, if present).

0 1

65 Physical handicaps (specify, if present).

0 1

(The items 66 to 67 are to be marked as present even if it has occurred more than once in the past or

present).

Currently or in the past, has there been a problem:

66 Of hearing voices and seeing things when no one was around.

0 1

67 Of maintaining postures, being stiff, over long periods of time (if present, describe).

0 1

68 Of saying that he / she was a great person, or a bad person or that he / she was being harmed

byother people without a real basis for such beliefs.

0 1

69 Of talking and laughing to self.

0 1

70 Of very poor appetite, sometimes leading to loss of weight.

0 1

71 Of poor / disturbed sleep.

0 1

72 Of wetting and soiling during illness and was unaware of it.

0 1

73 Of loss of interest in play and daily activities.

0 1

74 Of moving and responding unusually slowly.

0 1

75 Of being, sad depressed and dull.

0 1

76 Of talking much more or faster than he / she normally used to. 0 1

77 Of being irritable.

0 1

78 Of being unusually cheerful and happy.

167

Family History of:

79 Any one having mental illness.

0 1

80 Any one taking alcohol excessively.

0 1

881 Any one having epilepsy

0 1

82 Any one having problems reading, writing or arithmetic.

0 1

83 Any one having bed wetting. 0 1

84 Any one having speech problems.

0 1

85 Any one being very dull or mentally retarded. 0 1

86 Have there been any precipitating events at the time of onset of the problems (specify, if

present).

0 1

Is there any evidence of:

87 Problems with parents (if present, describe).

0 1

88 Sibling rivalry (jealousy of brothers and sisters).

0 1

89 Marital disharmony (parents fight a lot).

0 1

90 Punitiveness: Parents frequently resort to hitting, beating or punishing the child.

0 1

91 Over expectations: The parents expect from the child beyond his abilities, especially in school

performance.

0 1

92 Over involvement: The parents are involved with all the child’s activities to the extent that he

/she does not do anything on his / her own.

0 1

93 Over indulgence: The parents meet all the demands of the child, whether reasonable or not.

0 1

94 Indifference: The parents are not bothered about the child’s physical or psychological needs.

0 1

95 Inconsistent disciplining: The parents do not agree about the way to discipline the child.

0 1

96 Multiple care taking: The child has been brought up by a number of adults in the family.

0 1

97 Single parent: The child has been cared for by a single parent.

0 1

98 Any change of school, medium or specific subjects or teachers, leading to unhappiness in the

child.

0 1

99 The child complaining of problems in playing, mixing or socialising with other children.

0 1

100 The child having problems in playing, mixing or socialising with other children.

0 1

101 The child having problems such as poverty or other stressors, not covered in the above

section.(If present, specify).

0 1

168

168

APPENDIX A4

Temperament Profile (DPCL)

Temperament profile:

Description of some aspects of the child’s nature or temperament are given, and each description has three

options to choose from. Encircle the options which fit the child best. If the description is not applicable, it

may be mentioned, especially for the younger children

a. Psychosocial: S R T

1. Easy to manage mostly not at all somewhat

2. Independent mostly not at all somewhat

(can manage himself/herself)

3. Dependable mostly not at all somewhat

4. Sensitive mostly not at all somewhat

(to others needs, emotions)

5. Sensitive mostly not at all somewhat

(only about oneself)

6. Trusting mostly not at all somewhat

7. Trustworthy mostly not at all somewhat

8 . Moral mostly not at all somewhat

(discriminates between good and

bad. Knows it is bad to hit others,

steal, etc.)

b. Bio-social

9. Sleep moderate too little too much

10. Appetite moderate too little too much

11. Activity moderate too little too much

12. Emotionality cheerful angry/tense dull/non-reactive

13. Persistence good variable too little

14. Sociability adequate mostly not at all

(with family members)

169

15. Sociability adequate mostly not at all

(with others outside)

16. Aggression (verbal) not at all mostly somewhat

17. Aggression (physical) not at all mostly somewhat

TOTAL S = R = T =

Note: each column shows predominance of Satvik, Rajasik or Tamasik temperament in comparison to each

other. The total consists of encircled options under each category. More of satvik temperament means

better the temperament.

170

APPENDIX A5

Family Environment Scale (FES)

The following are statements relating to your family environment. You have to decide which of these

statements are applicable to you about your family and which are not. Alongside the statements have five

cells. If you strongly agree with the statement, mark tick ** under the cell labeled ‘Strongly Agree’. If you

strongly disagree with the statement, mark tick ** under the cell labeled ‘Strongly Disagree’. For in

between preferences mark accordingly ‘Agree’, ‘Neutral’ or ‘Disagree’. Give your general impression of

your family. There are no right or wrong answers to any statement. Your responses will be kept in strict

confidence and will be used only for research purposes. Please respond to each statement and do not leave

any statement unanswered. Your help will be duly acknowledged.

No. Statements Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Agree Disagree

1. We enjoy doing things together.

2. Family members often do not express their feelings.

3. Breaking things in anger is quite common in our family.

4. Making decisions independently is strongly encouraged

in our family.

5. In our family everyone is encouraged to play and interact

with neighbours.

6. Responsibilities are not taken seriously in our family.

7. All members of the family are expected to be together for

at least one meal in a day.

8. Affection is expressed openly, quite often in our family.

9. Togetherness is the basic feeling of our family.

10. Our feelings of happiness are shared quite openly with

others in our family.

11. Beating up people in anger is not seen in our family.

12. There are a lot of restrictions in our family.

13. Friends and guests are always welcome in our family.

171

No. Statements Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Agree Disagree

14. Everyone in our family is well aware of their

responsibilities.

15. Nobody in our family is bothered about rules of any kind.

16. Everyone in our family listens to what each one of us

has to say.

17. Whenever any work comes up, everyone tries to get out

of the situation.

18. It is difficult to express ourselves openly for fear of some

one reacting to it angrily.

19. Everyone tries to sort things out if there is a

disagreement in the family.

20. Thinking for ourselves is not encouraged in our family.

21. We often go out together for movies in our family.

22. Going for programmes without informing at home is not

accepted in our family.

23. Nobody bothers to look after anyone else in our family.

24. Any new situation that arises is discussed openly in the

family in order to get ideas and suggestions from everybody.

25. We talk about our personal problems to each other in our

family.

26. When members are angry they do not talk to each other

for days together.

27. In our family, members ask for what they need quite openly.

28. Having hobbies is encouraged in our family.

29. Quite often members of our family stay out without informing

at home.

30. Only when we do something well we get praise and attention

from others in our family.

31. Family members do not get along with each other.

32. Complaining about something we don't like is not accepted in

our family.

33. Finding faults with each other is quite common in our family.

34. It is difficult to do something on your own in our family,

without someone feeling rejected or left out.

35. Watching TV is our only form of entertainment.

36. There is plenty of time and attention for everyone in our family.

172

No. Statements Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Agree Disagree

37. Everyone comes together to sort out any new situation that

may arise in our family.

38. At home we feel free to do anything we want to.

39. Shouting in anger is not common in our family.

40. Everyone is expected to accept all decisions made in the family,

whether they like it or not.

41. Our family members are just confined to either work or school.

42. We are careful not to hurt anyone in the family by making

thoughtless remarks.

43. Whenever something needs to be done in the house, everyone

joins in happily.

44. When any member is feeling upset, he/she talks to someone

in the family.

45. The members of our family constantly keep bickering over small

matters.

46. Whenever a marriage takes place in our family the person

concerned is asked his/her views.

47. We go out often to visit friends or relations.

48. In our family if anyone is upset, there is always someone to

comfort them.

49. There is no sense of closeness in our family.

50. Family members often keep their feelings to themselves.

51. Whenever anyone in our family is angry with another member

he makes sure to sort out things with him.

52. The decision to take on or continue a particular job is taken by

the family members concerned in consultation with other

family members.

53. Joking and laughing is not encouraged in our family.

54. When things get tough there is always someone in the family

whom we can turn to.

55. When someone is sick in our family everyone participates

in looking after the person.

56. Expressing an opinion about matters at home is strongly

encouraged in our family.

57. Whenever a family member does something well, the other

members feel upset about it.

173

No. Statements Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Agree Disagree

58. All major decisions in our family are taken by the elders in

our family, without asking anyone else's opinion.

59. There is a lot of affection amongst our family members.

60. When a family vacation is planned we all give our suggestions.

61. Our family believes in not letting differences continue unsorted

out.

62. If any member gets into trouble he/she gets help and sympathy

from other family members.

63. When in trouble, all of us stand up for our family member.

64. Quite often members of our family fail to arrive at a mutually

acceptable solution.

65. When anyone makes a mistake, the other members ridicule him.

66. In our family, we enjoy sitting together and talking to each other.

67. Showing anger by banging doors is rarely seen in our family.

68. Members of our family are very critical of each other.

69. All of us participate together in family functions/programmes.

174

APPENDIX A6

Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptability (TOCA-R)

Interviewer Form

The class teacher rates each student of her class on the following scale as given under:

1 2 3 4 5 6

Almost never Rarely Sometimes Often Very often Almost always

1. Works well alone 1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Breaks rules 1 2 3 4 5 6

3. Socially isolated 1 2 3 4 5 6

4. Eager to learn 1 2 3 4 5 6

5. Speaks out of turn 1 2 3 4 5 6

6. When mad at other classmates tries to get 1 2 3 4 5 6

other children to stop playing with them

7. Easily distracted 1 2 3 4 5 6

8. Gets beat up 1 2 3 4 5 6

9. Harms or damages property on purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6

10. Poor effort 1 2 3 4 5 6

11. Says supportive things to classmates 1 2 3 4 5 6

12. Starts fights 1 2 3 4 5 6

13. Shy behaving 1 2 3 4 5 6

14. Is ostracised by classmates 1 2 3 4 5 6

15. Interrupts or intrudes on others 1 2 3 4 5 6

16. When mad at classmates ignores or 1 2 3 4 5 6

stops talking to them

17. Spends time alone 1 2 3 4 5 6

18. Teases classmates 1 2 3 4 5 6

19. Is physically hurt by others 1 2 3 4 5 6

20. Breaks things 1 2 3 4 5 6

21. Blurts out answers 1 2 3 4 5 6

175

22. Completes class assignments 1 2 3 4 5 6

23. Interacts with classmates 1 2 3 4 5 6

24. Concentrates 1 2 3 4 5 6

25. Has trouble accepting authority 1 2 3 4 5 6

26. Pays attention 1 2 3 4 5 6

27. Rejected by classmates 1 2 3 4 5 6

28. Learns up to ability 1 2 3 4 5 6

29. Defiant 1 2 3 4 5 6

30. Avoided by classmates 1 2 3 4 5 6

31. Stays on task 1 2 3 4 5 6

32. Spreads rumours or gossips 1 2 3 4 5 6

33. Intimidated by others 1 2 3 4 5 6

34. Takes others property 1 2 3 4 5 6

35. When mad at classmates threatens to 1 2 3 4 5 6

stop being friends with them

36. Yells at others 1 2 3 4 5 6

37. Pushes other students 1 2 3 4 5 6

38. Runs around a lot, climbing on things 1 2 3 4 5 6

39. Is a loner 1 2 3 4 5 6

40. Hurts others 1 2 3 4 5 6

41. Stubborn 1 2 3 4 5 6

42. Has trouble sitting still 1 2 3 4 5 6

43. Gets picked on 1 2 3 4 5 6

44. Helps teacher 1 2 3 4 5 6

45. Is always on the go or acts as if driven 1 2 3 4 5 6

by a motor

46. Disliked by classmates 1 2 3 4 5 6

47. Helps other students 1 2 3 4 5 6

48. Disruptive 1 2 3 4 5 6

49. Cheers up classmates when they are sad 1 2 3 4 5 6

50. Cliquish 1 2 3 4 5 6

51. Waits for turn 1 2 3 4 5 6

52. Friendly 1 2 3 4 5 6

53. Lies 1 2 3 4 5 6