APPENDIX F: TRANQUILITY ANALYSIS; REQUIRED LENGTH OF

Appendix F: Bojonegara Tranquility Analysis

F-1

APPENDIX F: TRANQUILITY ANALYSIS; REQUIRED LENGTH OF BREAKWATER FOR BOJONEGARA PORT DEVELOPMENT

F.1 Wave Characteristics at Bojonegara

Technical Standards for Port and Harbour Facilities in Japan (2002) stipulates that for basins used for accommodating or mooring vessels shall achieve the calmness for 97.5 % or more of the days of a year (Operational Cover Ratio). The threshold wave height (H1/3) in front of mooring facilities for container handling is defined generally as 0.5 m.

Wave conditions for the study of Bojonegara Port Development was prepared by the method of Wave Hindcast using the 5-year wind records at Cengkareng (1997～2001; Appendix D) and the combined occurrences of wave height, wave period and wave incidence direction in front of the assumed breakwater at the Bojonegara Development site are shown in the table (Table F-1).

According to the occurrence probability of wave height of the table, the cumulative occurrence of the incident waves lower than 0.5 m is about 93 % at Bojonegara. This wave characteristic indicates that the construction of breakwater is necessary to secure the targeted calmness (0.5 m) and the operational days of cargo handling (97.5 %) in the Bojonegara Port development.

Figure F-1 gives the flowchart of the breakwater planning using tranquility analysis and operational cover ratio.

F.2 Alignment of Breakwater

The alignment of breakwater to be studied has three phases of development (Phase I, II and III; refer to the attached Figures F-2 --- F-4). Alignment plan of the breakwater has the features in offshore breakwater and approach channel at north entrance of the harbor. Future expansion of container berths is planned alongshore.

- Phase I: Ro-Ro Wharf (-8.0 m), General Cargo Wharf (-10.0 m) and Container Wharf (-12.0 m; B1 and B2) without breakwater

- Phase II: Expansion of Container Wharf (B3 and B4) and extension of Breakwater - Phase III: Offshore development of container terminal (B5, B6, B7 and B8)

F.3 Tranquility Analysis

F.3.1 Methods

Harbor tranquility analysis is carried out based on the hindcast waves as the incident waves to be input and considering refraction and shoaling of waves in the shallow water conditions. The diffraction of irregular waves and reflection at the quay walls, breakwaters and seashore are numerically computed using Takayama’s method (1981).

The reflection coefficients at the port facilities and seashore are given as follows and the results of the tranquility analysis on each phase are shown in Tables F-2 --- F-4.


F-2

Reflection coefficients Quay wall (erect Caisson type): 0.9 Breakwater (rubble mound slope type): 0.6 Seashore: 0.2

Figure F-1 Flowchart of Breakwater Planning by Tranquility Analysis

Deepwater Wave

Wave in front of theDevelopment Site

Wind DataCengkareng

(1997 - 2001, 5-year)

Wave Hindcastin Java Sea bySMB Method

Wave Dataat

off-Bojonegaraoff-Tanjung Priok

Calculation ofWave Transformation

consideringWave RefractionWave DiffractionWave Shoaling

Wave Hindcastby

ITB (2000)

Design WaveHeight, Period, Direction(return period 30-year)

Operational Cover Ratio of Berth

Stablity Calculation ofBreakwater

Wave Dataat

Bojonegara andTanjung Priok

Combined OccurrenceWave Height/Period/Direction

Wave Height Distribution in PortHarbor

Tranqulity Analysis inPort Harbor


F-3

F.3.2 Phase I without Breakwater

(refer to Figure F-2, Table F-2)

The port facilities in Phase I are assumed to be constructed in the first stage of the development. And the operational cover ratio at the water area in front of each wharf for the target wave height (0.5 m) is examined by tranquility analysis under the condition without breakwater.

Some 98 - 99 % of operational cover ratio is secured by the sheltering effect of the small island (Pulau Kali) in front of the development site at the multi purpose berth MPT. Although the operational cover ratio at the first container berth CT1 does not achieve the 97.5 % due to the incident waves from NNE - E directions, the cover ratio is secured at the level of 95.4 % (tranquility under 0.5 meter over 348 days of a year).

80

O560m

(-12m

)

(-10m

)

(-12m

)

300m

(-12m

)

220m

300m

50m

(-5m)

100m

Figure F-2 Operational Cover Ratio of Bojonegara Port (Phase I)

F.3.3 Phase II


The effect of the alignment of the breakwater and port facilities shown in Figure F-3 is examined in the tranquility analysis for Phase II (Length of breakwater: 840 + 200 = 1,040 m). The operational cover ratio at the berth CT3 is 93.8 % and does not achieve the target level.

MPT 98.2%

CT1 95.4%


F-4

80

O560m

(-12m

)

(-10m

)

200m

500m

450m

300m

(-12m

)

300m

O300m(-8

m)

(-12m

)

340m

220m

300m

50m

600m

(-5m)

100m

Figure F-3 Operational Cover Ratio of Bojonegara Port (Phase II)

F.3.4 Phase III


The effect of the alignment of the breakwater and port facilities shown in Figure F-4 is examined in the tranquility analysis for Phase III (Length of breakwater: 840 + 1,600 = 2,440 m). The operational cover ratio at all the eight berths achieve the target level 97.5 % including the berth CT7 at the eastmost.

The performance at CT3 shows 97.8 % and is lower than those of the next berths on both sides, CT2 (99.5 %) and CT4 (98.3 %). This result denotes that the berth CT3 is located confronting the opening of the breakwater alignment and is greatly affected by the incident waves from north direction.

MPT 99.4%

CT1 98.9%

CT2 98.0%

CT3 93.8%


F-5

80

O560m

(-12m

)

(-10m

)

200m

500m

450m

300m

(-12m

)

300m

O300m(-8

m)

(-14m

)

(~-14m

)

(-12m

)

O560m (-1

4m)

(-14m

)

O560m (-1

4m)

340m

1399m

220m

300m

50m

600m

(-5m)

100m

Figure F-4 Operational Cover Ratio of Bojonegara Port (Phase III)

CT1 99.8%

CT2 99.5%

CT3 97.8%

CT4 98.3%

CT5 98.5%

CT6 98.5%

CT7 97.5%


F-6

Table F-1 Combined Occurrence of Wave Height/Period/Direction at Bojonegara

Combined Occurrence of Wave Height and Period (%) (Unit: meter and second) PeriodHeight (m)

0 s 2 s 3 s 4 s 5 s 6 s 7 s 8 s > 8 s TotalCumu-lative

Calm 68.55 68.550≦H＜0.25 8.02 4.33 0.44 0.00 0.00 12.79 81.35

0.25≦H＜0.5 2.41 6.60 2.48 0.10 0.00 11.58 92.930.5≦H＜0.75 2.34 1.82 0.24 0.00 4.39 97.320.75≦H＜1.0 0.04 1.33 0.24 0.00 1.61 98.941.0≦H＜1.25 0.31 0.33 0.00 0.64 99.581.25≦H＜1.5 0.01 0.19 0.04 0.24 99.821.5≦H＜1.75 0.06 0.04 0.10 99.921.75≦H＜2.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 99.992.0≦H＜2.5 0.01 0.00 0.01 100.002.5≦H＜3.03.0≦H＜3.53.5≦H＜4.0

4.0≦HTotal 10.43 13.31 6.39 1.19 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.45

Combined Ocurrence of Wave Height and Direction (%) (Unit: meter) DirectionHeight (m)

W WNW NW NNW N NNE NE ENE E TotalCumu-lative

Calm 68.55 68.550≦H＜0.25 7.58 2.47 0.82 0.60 0.49 0.38 0.45 12.79 81.35

0.25≦H＜0.5 2.78 2.16 1.78 1.53 1.73 0.99 0.60 11.58 92.930.5≦H＜0.75 0.39 0.77 0.43 0.65 1.17 0.72 0.25 4.39 97.320.75≦H＜1.0 0.09 0.21 0.09 0.23 0.50 0.38 0.12 1.61 98.941.0≦H＜1.25 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.08 0.23 0.19 0.04 0.64 99.581.25≦H＜1.5 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.24 99.821.5≦H＜1.75 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.10 99.921.75≦H＜2.0 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.06 99.982.0≦H＜2.5 0.00 0.01 0.01 100.002.5≦H＜3.03.0≦H＜3.53.5≦H＜4.0

4.0≦HTotal 10.87 5.70 3.16 3.14 4.28 2.82 1.47 31.44

Table F-2 Operational Cover Ratio of Bojonegara Port Development (Phase I) Phase I Target Wave Height: 0.50 (m)

NW NNW N NNE NE ENE EWave Ratio 0.023 0.035 0.040 0.073 0.103 0.520 1.040Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.9Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.6 99.5 99.1Wave Ratio 0.085 0.122 0.170 0.395 0.508 0.775 1.020Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.4 1.8Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.6 99.0 99.6 98.2Wave Ratio 0.218 0.268 0.425 0.625 0.902 1.218 1.265Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.8 1.9 0.6 4.6Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 98.2 98.1 99.4 95.4

Area DescriptionWave Incidence Direction

Summary

ConventionalCargo Zone

ContainerTerminal B1


MPT

CT1


F-7

Table F-3 Operational Cover Ratio of Bojonegara Port Development (Phase II)

Phase II Target Wave Height: 0.50 (m)

NW NNW N NNE NE ENE EWave Ratio 0.093 0.088 0.083 0.143 0.225 0.408 0.635Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.8 99.8 99.6Wave Ratio 0.083 0.085 0.083 0.167 0.260 0.475 0.775Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.6Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.7 99.4Wave Ratio 0.073 0.070 0.073 0.197 0.332 0.602 0.885Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.4 1.1Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.4 99.6 98.9Wave Ratio 0.412 0.378 0.388 0.477 0.592 0.677 1.015Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.4 2.0Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.3 99.2 99.6 98.0Wave Ratio 0.918 0.813 0.790 0.808 0.903 1.153 1.172Occurrence (%) 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.7 1.8 1.8 0.6 6.2Cover Ratio (%) 99.6 99.4 99.7 99.3 98.2 98.2 99.4 93.8


Area DescriptionWave Incidence Direction

Summary





Table F-4 Operational Cover Ratio of Bojonegara Port Development (Phase III)

Phase III Target Wave Height: 0.50 (m)

NW NNW N NNE NE ENE EWave Ratio 0.148 0.140 0.133 0.160 0.178 0.320 0.545Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.8Wave Ratio 0.135 0.132 0.122 0.173 0.195 0.368 0.627Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.8Wave Ratio 0.110 0.103 0.102 0.158 0.187 0.365 0.627Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.8Wave Ratio 0.420 0.390 0.383 0.390 0.348 0.422 0.637Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.8 99.5Wave Ratio 0.857 0.807 0.737 0.630 0.478 0.480 0.685Occurrence (%) 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.2Cover Ratio (%) 99.7 99.4 99.8 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.8 97.8Wave Ratio 0.817 0.738 0.650 0.533 0.402 0.467 0.720Occurrence (%) 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.7Cover Ratio (%) 99.7 99.5 99.9 99.8 99.9 99.7 99.8 98.3Wave Ratio 0.725 0.652 0.573 0.460 0.377 0.523 0.807Occurrence (%) 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.5Cover Ratio (%) 99.8 99.7 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.6 99.7 98.5Wave Ratio 0.577 0.510 0.415 0.382 0.405 0.642 0.913Occurrence (%) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.5Cover Ratio (%) 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.0 99.8 99.3 99.6 98.5Wave Ratio 0.260 0.220 0.252 0.392 0.612 0.920 1.055Occurrence (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.3 0.5 2.5Cover Ratio (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.3 98.7 99.5 97.5

DescriptionWave Incidence Direction

Summary


Area









MPT

CT1

CT2

CT3

MPT

CT1

CT2

CT3

CT4

CT5

CT6

CT7


F-8

F.4 Required Length of Breakwater

F.4.1 Phase I

(refer to Figure F-5, Figure F-7)

The length of breakwater at the development stage of Phase I is examined which can secure the required operational performance 97.5 % at the berth B2 (=CT1).

Figure F-5 shows the results of the tranquility analysis calculated with the several setting of the breakwater length. It is confirmed that the target level of the operational cover ratio is achieved by the 500 m extension of the breakwater given in Figure F-7.

Breakwater Length (m)Phase I 0 400 500 600

B1 98.2% 99.1% 99.1% 99.1%B2 95.4% 96.6% 97.7% 98.3%

Bojonegara Plan 3/Phase I

93.0%93.5%94.0%94.5%95.0%95.5%96.0%96.5%97.0%97.5%98.0%98.5%99.0%99.5%

100.0%

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Breakwater Length (m)

Ope

ratio

nal C

over

Rat

io

B1

B2

Figure F-5 Required Length of Breakwater (Phase I)

F.4.2 Phase II

(refer to Figure F-6, Figure F-8) The length of breakwater at the development stage of Phase II is examined which can secure the required operational cover ratio 97.5 % at the berth B4 (=CT3). Figure F-6 shows the results of the tranquility analysis calculated with the several setting of the breakwater length. It is confirmed that the target level of the operational cover ratio is achieved by the extension of the breakwater 1,940 m (840 + 1,100 m) as given in Figure F-8.

B1: Multi Purpose Terminal (MTP) B2: Container Terminal (CT1)


F-9

Breakwater Length (m)Phase II 1,040 1,440 1,640 1,840 2,040

B1 99.4% 99.6% 99.7% 99.8% 99.8%B2 98.9% 99.6% 99.6% 99.7% 99.8%B3 98.0% 98.9% 99.3% 99.4% 99.5%B4 93.8% 96.4% 97.0% 97.3% 97.7%

Bojonegara Plan 3/Phase II

93.0%93.5%94.0%94.5%95.0%95.5%96.0%96.5%97.0%97.5%98.0%98.5%99.0%99.5%

100.0%

1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100

Breakwater Length (m)

Ope

ratio

nal C

over

Rat

io

B1

B2

B3

B4

Figure F-6 Required Length of Breakwater (Phase II)

80

O560m

(-12m

)

(-10m

)

(-12m

)

300m

(-12m

)

220m

300m

50m

(-5m)

100m

Figure F-7 Breakwater (500 m) and Operational Cover Ratio (Phase I)

500 m

B1: Multi Purpose Terminal (MTP) B2: Container Terminal (CT1) B3: CT2 B4: CT3

MPT 99.1%

CT1 97.7%


F-10

80

O560m

(-12m

)

(-10m

)

200m

500m

450m

300m

(-12m

)

300m

O300m(-8

m)

(-12m

)

340m

220m

300m

50m

600m

(-5m)

100m

Figure F-8 Breakwater (1,940 m) and Operational Cover Ratio (Phase II)

1,100m

MPT 99.8%

CT1 99.8%

CT2 99.5%

CT3 97.5%

Documents

APPENDIX F: TRANQUILITY ANALYSIS; REQUIRED LENGTH OF