Appendix G Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Assessment€¦ · Raw animal by-products will be delivered to the site by trucks. Trucks will unload raw material into in-ground receival

Works Approval Application

Client Confidential Ref: 30637_L&G Meats_WAA_Final_4Dec19 Issue Number 1

Ricardo Energy Environment & Planning

Appendix G Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Assessment

PLC RDT

Text Box

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Impact AssessmentParwan Industrial Precinct___________________________________________________

Report for L&G Meats Pty Ltd

30637.05 | Issue Number 1 | Date 29-Nov-19Client confidential

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Impact Assessment | i

Client Confidential Ref: 30637_L&G Meats_AppG_GHG_29Nov2019 Issue Number 1


Customer: Contact:

L&G Meats Will NunnLevel 4, 3 Bowen Crescent, Melb Vic 3004 PO Box 33298 Melbourne 3004 Australia.

t: +61 (0) 3 9978 7823e: [email protected]

Customer reference:

30637

Confidentiality, copyright & reproduction:

This report is the Copyright of Ricardo Energy Environment and Planning, a trading name of Ricardo-AEA Ltd and has been prepared by Ricardo Energy Environment and Planning under contract to L. & G. Meats Pty Ltd for Parwan – Fee Proposal (EPA Works Approval), dated 12 August 2019. The contents of this report may not be reproduced in whole or in part, nor passed to any organisation or person without the specific prior written permission of the Commercial Manager at Ricardo Energy Environment and Planning. Ricardo Energy Environment and Planning accepts no liability whatsoever to any third party for any loss or damage arising from any interpretation or use of the information contained in this report, or reliance on any views expressed therein, other than the liability that is agreed in the said contract.

Author:

Katie Becker & Sophie Smith

Approved By:

Will Nunn

Date:

29 November 2019

Ricardo Energy Environment & Planningreference:

Ref: 30637_L&G Meats_AppG_GHG_29Nov2019

Issue History

Issue Number Date Issued Document Status

1 1/11/2019 Draft

2 29/11/2019 Final

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Impact Assessment | ii



Table of contents1 Introduction................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Objectives.......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 1

2 Definitions and Sources ............................................................................................ 2

3 Proposed Operations................................................................................................. 33.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 3

3.2 Processing......................................................................................................................... 3

3.2.1 Materials Receival .................................................................................................... 3

3.2.2 Blood Processing ..................................................................................................... 3

3.2.3 Materials Transfer and Size Reduction .................................................................... 4

3.2.4 High-Temperature Dry Protein Recovery................................................................. 4

3.2.5 Tallow Refining......................................................................................................... 4

3.3 Meal Processing ................................................................................................................ 4

3.3.1 Feathers Processing ................................................................................................ 4

3.4 Heat Recovery................................................................................................................... 4

3.5 Electricity ........................................................................................................................... 5

3.5.1 Electricity Usage Estimate........................................................................................ 5

3.5.2 Renewable Energy Generation ................................................................................ 5

3.6 Gas .................................................................................................................................... 6

3.6.1 Gas Usage Estimate ................................................................................................ 6

3.6.2 Waste to Energy – Biogas Recovery ....................................................................... 6

3.7 Transportation fuel ............................................................................................................ 7

3.8 Water ................................................................................................................................. 7

3.8.1 Water Treatment & Reuse........................................................................................ 7

4 GHG Assessment Methodology................................................................................ 84.1 Scenario 1 ......................................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Scenario 2 ......................................................................................................................... 8

5 Best practice energy and greenhouse gas management...................................... 105.1.1.1 Energy Saving / Recovery Systems.............................................................10

5.1.1.2 Renewable Energy Generation....................................................................10

5.1.1.3 Waste to Energy – Biogas Recovery ...........................................................10

6 Climate Change........................................................................................................ 11

7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 12

8 References ............................................................................................................... 13

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Impact Assessment | iii



List of tables Table 2-1 Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 2Table 3-1: Solar Energy Generation Estimates ......................................................................................5Table 3-2: Gas Usage Estimates ............................................................................................................6Table 3-3 Water Usage Estimates ..........................................................................................................7Table 4-1 Assessment Input Values (annual) – Scenario 1....................................................................8Table 4-2 Calculated Emissions – Scenario 1 ........................................................................................8Table 4-3 Assessment Input Values (annual) – Scenario 2....................................................................9Table 4-4 Calculated Emissions – Scenario 2 ........................................................................................9

List of appendices Appendix A GHG Data

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Impact Assessment | 1



1 IntroductionRicardo was engaged by L&G Meats Pty Ltd (L&G Meats) to conduct a ‘Greenhouse Gas and Energy Impact Assessment’ for a proposed Protein Recovery Facility (PRF) as part of an environmental works approval application.

L&G Meats proposes to invest in a state-of-the-art PRF at 3922 Geelong-Bacchus Marsh Road, Parwan, Victoria (the Site). The proposed PRF will convert waste from animal by-product into stable, usable materials including tallow and meal.

1.1 ObjectivesThe objective of this assessment is to evaluate the environmental impacts of the proposed PRF’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and energy use and to present the base case prior to the implementation of other activities or processes which may change the GHG emission or energy use.

1.2 Scope The scope of the GHG and Energy Impact Assessment includes:

• Calculation of energy consumption for the PRF• Estimate potential energy generation / energy recovery for the PRF• Calculation of GHG emissions for the PRF• Calculation of water usage for the PRF




2 Definitions and SourcesThe assessment framework is based on the National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors (2019)1

and incorporates the principles of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The assessment has not used the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008 as a framework because the scope for this assessment includes emission sources and data constraints that are outside the reporting requirements specified in the Determination.

The NGA factors utilised in this report have a general application to the estimation of a broader range of GHG inventories that are more suited to environmental impact assessments. The GHG Protocol provides an internationally accepted approach to GHG accounting. The Protocol provides guidance on setting reporting boundaries, defining emission sources and dealing with issues such as data quality and materiality. Definitions relevant to this assessment are included in Table 2-1 below.

Table 2-1 Definitions

Term / Concept Definition

Greenhouse gas

According to the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gases include:

• Carbon dioxide (CO2);

• Methane (CH4);

• Nitrous oxide (NO2);

• Hydrofluorocarbons;

• Perfluorocarbons; and

• Sulfur dioxide

Scope 1 emissionsDirect (or point source) emissions occurring from sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting entity. The reporting entity has a high level of control over Scope 1 emissions.

Scope 2 emissionsIndirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity consumed by the reporting entity. The emissions can be reported easily and can be significantly influenced through energy efficiency measures.

Scope 3 emissions

All indirect emissions (not included in scope 2) that are a consequence of the activities of the reporting entity but occur at sources owned or controlled by another reporting entity (e.g. outsourced services). Scope 3 emissions are estimates only and may have a relatively high level of uncertainty, unreliability and variability.

1 Commonwealth of Australia2019, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, Australian Nation Greenhouse Accounts, Published by the Department of the Environment and Energy, August 2019




3 Proposed Operations

3.1 OverviewA Protein Recovery Facility processes animal by-product into tallow and protein rich-meal, also known as protein recovery. As a process, ‘protein recovery’ can refer to any processing of animal products into more useful materials, or, more narrowly, to the protein recovery of whole animal fatty by-product into tallow. As well as the fat commodity, protein recovery also yields a protein rich meal.

The PRF will include five (5) protein recovery plants constructed in two Phases. Each plant will be specifically designed for the processing of by-products from multiple species’ including:

• Cattle• Sheep• Pigs• Poultry (including feathers)• Fish (and other seafood)• Other

Phase 1 of the development will include construction of the southern two plants, with the northern plants constructed in Phase 2 of the development.

3.2 ProcessingThe design of each plant within the PRF may differ depending on the proposed by-product to be processed. However, in general the protein recovery will utilise steam to heat the raw animal by-product material in a high temperature continuous process. The typical protein recovery process is summarised as follows:

3.2.1 Materials ReceivalRaw animal by-products will be delivered to the site by trucks. Trucks will unload raw material into in-ground receival bins. It should be noted that there is no drainage infrastructure built into the raw material receival bins, and all material, including any water from the bins will be processed through the cooker.

3.2.2 Blood ProcessingBlood will be delivered to site independently of solid animal by-products. Blood will be transferred from road tankers to a blood storage tank in the raw materials receival area. Blood processing will be undertaken through a combination of coagulation and centrifuge, as follows:

• The blood will be preheated in the holding tank to ensure that high enough temperatures can be achieved in the coagulator where live steam injection increases the blood temperature to ensure effective coagulation.

• The coagulated blood will then be transferred to a centrifuge where the coagulated blood solids are separated from the blood stickwater. This process removes approximately 40 % of the water content of the whole blood.

• The solids from the centrifuge will then be meter-fed into raw material transfer line described in Section 3.2.3 which feeds into the continuous cooking process.

• The remaining water content of the blood will be removed as steam (condensate) during the cooking process.

The rate of blood processing will depend upon the rate at which blood is received at the site.




3.2.3 Materials Transfer and Size ReductionRaw material will be transferred from the raw materials receival bin to the pre-hog via a transfer screw. The pre-hog is used for size reduction prior to cooking.

3.2.4 High-Temperature Dry Protein RecoveryThe high temperature dry protein recovery will take place in a continuous cooker. The cooker heats the material in a steam-jacketed vessel, until most of the water content of the raw material is evaporated. The remaining solid material is transferred through a series of presses, where the tallow is separated from the protein rich meal.

3.2.5 Tallow RefiningTallow is further refined through a screen, centrifuge prior to final polishing. Tallow is further refined through a screen, centrifuge prior to final polishing. Any sludge generated by the tallow refining is recovered and directed back to the cooker for re-processing. As such, unlike other protein recoveryplants, the tallow refining process will not generate wastewater.

The refined tallow is then transferred to internal 20 tonne tallow storage tanks. Tallow is then transferred to external tallow storage tanks. The refined tallow can then be transferred to road tankers and transferred off site

3.3 Meal ProcessingThe protein rich meal from the tallow presses is transferred to a ‘cake’ bin, prior to running through a hammer mill and screen to reduce the particle size. Once the desired particle size is achieved, the protein rich meal is transferred to the meal storage bin.

The meal can then be loaded into open top trucks or directly into shipping containers via the adjustable snorkel screw.

3.3.1 Feathers ProcessingFeather meal is made from poultry feathers by hydrolysing under elevated heat and pressure and then drying and grinding. The pressure hydrolysis process is necessary in order to convert the hard, fibrous proteins called keratin, which is the principal component of feathers and hog hair, into feather meal that contains the amino acids.

Hydrolysation of the feathers, prior to drying, breaks down the protein bonds in the raw material and makes the feather meal more digestible.

The hydrolysed feathers will be transferred to a cooker / dryer to produce feather meal. The feather meal will be transferred to a meal bin storage bin ready for loading into open top trucks or directly into shipping containers via the adjustable snorkel screw

3.4 Heat Recovery The protein recovery process uses steam produced from boilers to heat the input material and equipment. The facility proposes to install a number of energy saving / recovery systems as part of the PRF, including:

• Boiler Flue Gas Economiser: designed to take waste heat from the boiler flue gases (typically around 250oC) and utilise this energy to preheat boiler feedwater. Actual energy savings achieved by this system will most likely be in the vicinity of 4%. This can be a substantial and ongoing saving, especially from a plant this size. The economiser is fabricated from Cupro Nickel tube with stainless steel fins, with brass flow and return headers, housed in an insulated steel enclosure, all designed for a long service life with minimal maintenance; and




• Flash Recovery Energy Management Equipment (FREME): This is a heat recovery system that delivers major energy savings by recovering waste heat from the condensate return system on the cooker; also using it to pre-heat boiler feedwater. It will also reduce the occurrence of flash steam plumes. Actual energy savings of 10-20% are expected to be achieved by this system.

3.5 Electricity3.5.1 Electricity Usage EstimateThe PRF will have a connected load of 5056 kW. A diversity factor of 70% is applied over the total connected load because not all motors and machinery will be operating at the same time within the protein recovery plant. Additionally, not all motors and machinery run at full power when in use. Therefore, the expected energy consumption for the protein recovery plant per hour will be 3,540 kW, totalling 25,488,000 kWh per year (24 hrs per day, 6 days per week, 50 weeks per year).

3.5.2 Renewable Energy GenerationThe warehouse roofs provide a vast surface area which is suitable for solar electricity generation. Initial estimates based on the total roof area of 2,850 m2 per plant are provided in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Solar Energy Generation Estimates

Phase Roof Area (m2)

Estimated Qty Panels per 100 m2

Qty of Panels (320 W panel)

Total Output Estimation (kW)

Phase 1 5,700 40 2,280 729.6

Phase 2 8,550 40 3,420 1,094.4

Total 14,250 1,824

Based on the total warehouse roof area of 14,250 m2, it is estimated that up to 1,824 kW of solar electricity generation could be generated through the installation of rooftop solar on the Warehouses. This would provide approximately 50% of the required connected load for the PRF at full utilisation. However, solar generation rates would be limited to daylight hours which has been assumed to be 8 hours per day.




3.6 Gas 3.6.1 Gas Usage EstimateGas consumption is directly related to the steam requirements of each plant within the PRF. The cooking process in each plant will use the bulk of the steam requirements and a smaller amount will be used for the coagulation of blood (Type A plant), pre-heating of feathers (Type B plant), and drying of solids (Type B & C plants). Steam is also used for cleaning out tallow lines and the heating of steam coils in tallow tanks. A conservative figure of 1.4kg of steam per kg of moisture has been used to estimate the gas usage for each plant.

The steam consumption figures for the whole project on assumed peak production is calculated in

Table 3-2 below.

Table 3-2: Gas Usage Estimates

Phase ProteinProcess Raw Product Input (tonnes/hr)

Steam Demand Estimate (kg/hr)

Gas Demand Estimate (Gj/hr)

Gas Demand Estimate (Gj/year)

Phase 1

Beef 13 9,000 25.2 166200

Sheep 13 9,000 25.2 166200

Blood 5 3,000 8.4 55500

Phase 2

Poultry 12 12,600 35.3 232800

Feathers 3 4,500 12.6 83100

Fish 5 3,000 8.4 55500

Total 51 411,00 115.1 759300

Based on the above calculations, peak gas consumption for the plant will be approximately 2,531 Gj per day (average 22 hrs of operations), totalling 759,300 Gj per year (22 hrs per day, 6 days per week, 50 weeks per year).

3.6.2 Waste to Energy – Biogas RecoveryA Wastewater Treatment Options Assessment completed by Ricardo identified the potential for generation and use of biogas from the PRF wastewater streams.

It is estimated that bioenergy production via anaerobic conversion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to would generate approximately 300 kW of heat energy. This biogas could be used directly in boilers on site. If implemented, this would reduce the gas demand by approximately 26 Gj per day and 7800Gj per year.

It is noted that the final wastewater treatment system process is yet to be completed, and negotiations with Western Water to receive wastewater from the PRF are ongoing. It is likely that energy recovery from wastewater will be undertaken, however this may either be on the Site or further downstream at the wastewater treatment plant.




3.7 Transportation fuelTransportation fuel will be utilised by vehicles bringing meat products to the facility and collecting tallow, meal and oil products. It is assumed that all vehicles are 6-axle semi-trailers, travelling an average 100 km round trip. Using an estimated fuel consumption of 47.62 litres per 100km, Fuel consumption is estimated to be approximately 642.9 kL of diesel per year. This is inclusive of material delivery and product collection.

3.8 Water Water is used at the PRF for the following processes:

• Tallow/oil polishing• Boiler top up • Cleaning / washdown• Cooling (Type C plant evaporator cooling water)

Table 3-3 below shows the estimated breakdown of water usage for the PRF, with a total annual usage of 30.9 ML per year.

Table 3-3 Water Usage Estimates

PhaseTallow / Oil Polisher (kL/day)

Boiler Top Up (kL/day) (5% loss)

Cleaning / Washdown (kL/day)

Water Usage Total (kL/day)

Water Usage Total (ML/year)

Phase 1 9.6 21.6 10 41 12.3

Phase 2 14.4 32.4 15 62 18.6

Total 24 54 25 103 30.9

3.8.1 Water Treatment & ReuseA wastewater treatment options assessment has been undertaken by Ricardo (included in the Works Approval application). It is estimated that the PRF will generate up to 31 kL of wastewater per hour of operation. It is possible to treat wastewater to Class A quality by implementing tertiary treatment of the including ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. However, it is unlikely that the capital and operating costs associated with treatment to Class A quality will be worthwhile for the PRF.

Several processes can be run using Class A water, and if available in the future, Class A reclaimed water could be used instead of potable water with suitable pre-treatment.




4 GHG Assessment MethodologyTo calculate the emissions and energy usage for the proposed facility the NGERS Emissions and Energy Threshold Calculator2 was used. The calculator can be used to obtain an estimate of Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions, energy production, and energy consumption based on data entered by the user. The GHG assessment has been undertaken for two potential scenarios.

• Scenario One – All services provided from off Site sources• Scenario Two – Inclusion of biogas recovery and rooftop solar generation

4.1 Scenario 1Scenario 1 effectively presents a base case scenario, with no consideration of energy recovery or implementation of renewable energy generation at the Site. The input values used to calculate the GHG emissions Scenario 1 are provided in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 Assessment Input Values (annual) – Scenario 1

Item (Annual) Proposed Facility

Diesel (kL) 642.9

Natural gas (GJ) 759,300

Biogas (tCO2) (Fugitive Emissions) -

Biogas (GJ) utilised -

Electricity (kWh) 25,488,000

Water (kL) 30,900

Table 4-2 below shows the calculated emissions for Scenario 1, including energy consumption and production.

Table 4-2 Calculated Emissions – Scenario 1

Scope 1 Emissions (tCO2-e)


Total Emissions (tCO2-e)

Energy Consumed (GJ)

Energy Produced (GJ)

Proposed facility 40,875 27,272 68,147 875,873 0

4.2 Scenario 2Scenario 2 incorporates biogas recovery from wastewater and rooftop solar generation. Additional scope for renewable or bioenergy production is considered to be limited for the Site and as such no further scenarios have been considered in this assessment. The input values used to calculate the GHG emissions Scenario 2 are provided in Assessment Input Values (annual) – Scenario 2 Table 4-3.

2 http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/DocumentAssets/Pages/NGER-Emissions-and-Energy-Threshold-Calculator-2018-19.aspx

http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/DocumentAssets/Pages/NGER-Emissions-and-Energy-Threshold-Calculator-2018-19.aspx




Table 4-3 Assessment Input Values (annual) – Scenario 2

Item (Annual) Proposed Facility

Diesel (kL) 642.9

Natural gas (GJ) 751,500

Biogas (tCO2) (Fugitive Emissions) -

Biogas (GJ) utilised 7,800

Electricity (kWh) 21,110,400

Water (kL) 30,900

Solar Energy Generation (kWh)* 4,377,600

* Assumes 1,824 kW output per hour, and 14,592 kWh (for 8 hours of daylight)

Table 4-4 below shows the calculated emissions for Scenario 2, including energy consumption and production.

Table 4-4 Calculated Emissions – Scenario 2



Total Emissions (tCO2-e)

Energy Consumed (GJ)

Energy Produced (GJ)

Electricity Produced

(kWh)

Proposed facility 40,473 22,588 63,061 852,313 7,800 4,377,600




5 Best practice energy and greenhouse gas management

5.1.1.1 Energy Saving / Recovery Systems

The protein recovery process uses steam produced from boilers to heat the input material and equipment. The facility proposes to install a number of energy saving / recovery systems as part of the PRF, including:

• Boiler Flue Gas Economiser: designed to take waste heat from the boiler flue gases (typically around 250oC) and utilise this energy to preheat boiler feedwater. Actual energy savings achieved by this system will most likely be in the vicinity of 4%. This can be a substantial and ongoing saving, especially from a plant this size. The economiser is fabricated from Cupro Nickel tube with stainless steel fins, with brass flow and return headers, housed in an insulated steel enclosure, all designed for a long service life with minimal maintenance; and

• Flash Recovery Energy Management Equipment (FREME): This is a heat recovery system that delivers major energy savings by recovering waste heat from the condensate return system on the cooker; also using it to pre-heat boiler feedwater. It will also reduce the occurrence of flash steam plumes. Actual energy savings of 10-20% are expected to be achieved by this system.

5.1.1.2 Renewable Energy Generation

The warehouse roofs provide a vast surface area which is suitable for solar electricity generation. Based on the total roof area of 2,850 m2 per plant, giving a total warehouse roof area of 14,250 m2, it is estimated that up to 1,824 kW of solar electricity generation could be generated through the installation of rooftop solar on the warehouses. This would provide approximately 50% of the required connected load for the PRF at full utilisation. However, solar generation rates would be limited to daylight hours which has been assumed to be 8 hours per day.

Further detailed assessment and design is required to inform the potential for solar energy generation at the Site, and this will be undertaken following the issue of a Works Approval as part of the finalisation of the detailed design of the PRF.

5.1.1.3 Waste to Energy – Biogas Recovery

A Wastewater Treatment Options Assessment completed by Ricardo identified the potential for generation and use of biogas from the PRF wastewater streams.

It is estimated that bioenergy production via anaerobic conversion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to biogas (predominantly methane) would generate approximately 300 kW of heat energy. This biogas could be used directly in boilers on site. If implemented, this would reduce the gas demand by approximately 26 Gj per day and 7,800 Gj per year.

It is noted that the final wastewater treatment system process is yet to be completed, and negotiations with Western Water to receive wastewater from the PRF are ongoing. It is likely that energy recovery from wastewater will be undertaken, however this may either be on the Site or further downstream at the wastewater treatment plant.




6 Climate ChangeThe Climate Change Act 2017 has been considered in preparation of the application. The social,economic and environmental benefits of the rendering plant have been considered and discussed throughout the application.

The potential impact of climate change on the operations has been considered through the conceptual design phase of the PRF. The direct benefits of the proposal include:

• Reduced transport distances for animal by-products from L&G Meat’s existing abattoir located at 6 Woolpack Rd, Bacchus Marsh. As the PRF will receive and process all material currently being transported to Melbourne based rendering plants.

• There will also be the potential for reduced transport distances from other nearby abattoirs, which also currently transport by-product to Melbourne based rendering plants.

• Conversion of animal by-products into value added commodities, including tallow, fish and poultry oil, meat and bone meal, fish meal, feather meal and poultry meal.

• Proposed bioenergy production via anaerobic conversion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to biogas (predominantly methane) would generate approximately 300 kW of heat energy. This biogas could be used directly in boilers on site, supplementing the use of natural gas.

• Treatment and beneficial re-use of wastewater to irrigate surrounding land for the production of various stock-feed crops. This will increase the wastewater reuse on land owned by L&G Meats’ partners, who already irrigate Class C reclaimed water from Western Water’s Bacchus Marsh Treatment Plant.

• Roof-captured stormwater will be diverted to rainwater storage tanks. Rainwater will be used to supplement potable water for toilet flushing, plant wash-down and garden irrigation. This will reduce the overall potable water demand at the Site.

• Incorporation of rooftop solar generation into each plant, with the potential to provide approximately 50% of the required connected load for the PRF at full utilisation.

• Incorporation of winter storage with 10% contingency above the required storage for a 90th

percentile rainfall year, to allow for storage of treated wastewater during wetter than normal conditions.

• Additional potential wastewater irrigation area is available across the L&G Meat’s partners existing land holding surrounding the PRF. This can be developed in the future to accommodate additional irrigation of wastewater under prolonged periods of wetter than normal conditions.

• Creation of jobs and contribution to the local Moorabool economy, reducing the need for future employees to travel to and from Melbourne for work.

As the land-owner of the PIP and substantial surrounding land-holdings, L & G Meats business partners are in a unique position to manage the nature of future development within the PIP. Key to L & G Meat’s vision for the future of the PIP is that further development will be carefully selected to create symbiotic relationships within the precinct, to ensure by-products from one site can be further utilised by other facilities within the precinct. The next stage of the proposed development of the PIP will be a new export lamb and beef abattoir and cold stores. By-products from the future development will be further processed through the proposed PRF, reducing transport costs and closing the loop on the production.




7 ConclusionsBased on the assessment undertaken, the following conclusions are made with regard to GHG emissions, climate change and water consumption:

• The calculations have assumed that the proposed PRF will process 51 tonnes/hour of product when Phase 1 and 2 of the PRF is operational.

• Under a base case scenario (Scenario 1), the protein recovery plant will consume 25,488,000 kW hours of electricity and 759,300 GJ of gas annually (assuming operation 6 days a week, 24 hours per day, 50 weeks per year). This will result in operational emissions annually of 68,147tCO2-e. Facilities that emit 25,000 tonnes or more of GHG (tCO2-e) or 100,000 GJ or more of energy trigger an obligation under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007(NGER Act) to register and report through the Emissions and Energy Reporting System.

• Emissions can be reduced through incorporating renewable energy and bioenergy generation at the Site. It is estimated that the electricity demand from the grid could be reduced by installing rooftop solar on each of the proposed plants. Additionally, gas demand can be supplemented by converting COD to methane through anaerobic digestion of wastewater. By incorporating rooftop solar and biogas generation and utilisation, estimated operational emissions would be reduced to 63,061 tCO2-e per annum.

• The proposed protein recovery plant will result in approximately 13,500 truck movements to and from the protein recovery plant annually covering approximately 1,350,000 km/year. This equates to a diesel consumption of approximately 642.9 kL of fuel per year equivalent to 1,749 tCO2-e (carbon dioxide equivalents).

• Approximately 30,900 kL of water will be consumed by the operation of the protein recoveryplant. Usage of Class A reclaimed water is possible for a number of plant processes, however the high capital and operational costs for the on-Site treatment of wastewater to Class A standard is not feasible.

• The potential impact of climate change on the operations has been considered through the conceptual design phase of the PRF. The reduction of all emissions of greenhouse gases from the PRF is not practical, however all reasonable measure have been implemented to minimise the impact of the proposal on climate change.




8 References Australian Government Clean Energy Regulator. (2019, March). Calculators. Retrieved from National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting: http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/NGER/Forms-and-resources/Calculators

Commonwealth of Australia 2019, National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, Australian Nation Greenhouse Accounts, Published by the Department of the Environment and Energy, August 2019

Commonwealth of Australia 2007 National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Impact Assessment



Appendix A GHG Data

A.1 Electricity UsageTable A1 - Electricity Usage

Phase Waste / Process Stream Connected Load (kW)

Conservative Diversity Factor (70 %)

Required Connected Load (kW) Daily (kWh) Annual (kwh)

Phase 1 Beef, Sheep & Blood 2,056 70.00% 1,440 34,560 10,368,000

Phase 2 Poultry, Feathers & Fish 3,000 70.00% 2,100 50,400 15,120,000

Total 5,056 3,540 84,960 25,488,000

Note: Annual = 6 days per week, 50 weeks per year, 24-hour operation

Table A2 – Solar Electricity Generation

Phase Roof Area (m2) Estimated Qty Panels per 100 m2 Qty of Panels (320 W panel) Total Output Estimation (kW)

Phase 1 5700 40 2,280 729.6

Phase 2 8550 40 3,420 1,094.4

Total 14250 1,824




A.2 Gas UsageTable A3 – Gas Usage

Phase Waste / Process Stream

Hourly Daily (22 hr) Annual

Process Raw Product Input

(tonnes/hr)

Gas Demand Estimate (kg/hr)

Gas Demand Estimate (Gj/hr)

Gas Demand Estimate (kg/day)

Gas Demand Estimate (Gj/day)

Gas Demand Estimate (Gj/year)

Phase 1

Beef 13 9000 25.2 198000 554 166200

Sheep 13 9000 25.2 198000 554 166200

Blood 5 3000 8.4 66000 185 55500

Phase 2

Poultry 12 12,600 35.3 277200 776 232800

Feathers 3 4500 12.6 99000 277 83100

Fish 5 3000 8.4 66000 185 55500

Total 51 41100 115.1 904200 2531 759300

Biogas (300 kw) (Demand Offset) -321 -1.08 -7704 -26 -7,800

Note: Annual = 6 days per week, 50 weeks per year, 22-hour operation




A.3 Fuel UsageTable A4 – Fuel Usage – Material Delivery

Phase Process Stream Process Raw Product Input (tonnes/hr)

Trucks per day

Trucks per year

Distance travelled per year

Fuel consumption (L)

Fuel consumption (kL)

Phase 1

Beef 13 8.0 2,400 240,000 114,288 114.3

Sheep 13 8.0 2,400 240,000 114,288 114.3

Blood 5 3.0 900 90,000 42,858 42.9

Phase 2

Poultry 12 7.0 2,100 210,000 100,002 100.0

Feathers 3 2.0 600 60,000 28,572 28.6

Fish 5 3.0 900 90,000 42,858 42.9

Total 51 31.0 9,300 930,000 442,866 442.9

Table A5 – Fuel Usage – Product Collection

PhaseWaste /

Process Stream Tonnes / hour Trucks per day Trucks per year Distance travelled per

yearFuel consumption

(L)Fuel consumption

(kL)

Phase 1Protein Rich Meal 6.6 4.0 1,200 120,000 57,144 57.1

Tallow 6.5 4.0 1,200 120,000 57,144 57.1

Phase 2

Poultry Oil 1.8 2.0 600 60,000 28,572 28.6

Poultry and Fish Meal 3.15 2.0 600 60,000 28,572 28.6

Feather Meal 0.9 1.0 300 30,000 14,286 14.3

Fish Oil 0.5 1.0 300 30,000 14,286 14.3

Total 19.45 14.0 4200.0 420000.0 200004.0 200.0




Assumptions:

• Truck type: 6 axle semi-trailer, ≤19m long

• Truck capacity: 42.5 tonnes

• Transport days per week: 6 days

• Operating weeks per year: 50 weeks

• Fuel consumption: 47.62 L/100km

• Transport hours per day: 12 hours

• Average distance travelled (round trip):100 km

A.4 Water UsageTable A6 – Water Usage

Phase Tallow Polisher (kL/day) Boiler Top Up (kL/day) (5% loss)

Cleaning / Washdown (kL/day)

Water Usage Total (kL/day)

Water Usage Total (ML/year)

Phase 1 9.6 21.6 10 41 12.3

Phase 2 14.4 32.4 15 62 18.6

Total 24 54 25 103 30.9

Level 4, 3 Bowen Crescent Melbourne Victoria 3004 PO Box 33298Melbourne 3004 Australia

t: +61 (0) 3 9978 7823e: [email protected]

ee.ricardo.com

Documents

Appendix G Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Assessment€¦ · Raw animal by-products will be delivered to the site by trucks. Trucks will unload raw material into in-ground receival