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8/6/2019 Application of It in Business
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APPLICATION OF IT IN BUSINESS
Applications of ICT - Planning &
Controlling Operations
Stock control
Students will be familiar with the principles of stock management from the AS level studies.Increasingly, businesses use real time data from EPOS, on-line stores and electronic sales
ledgers to drive their re-order processes.
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) facilitates exchange of orders between different businesses and allows Just In Time stock ordering. Other businesses place orders
electronically once production schedules have been set for the next period.
With computerised stock control, businesses should be able to check stock levels almost on a
real-time basis. Stock checks are still required to reconcile stock levels that may be incorrect
due to faults in scanning or because of pilferage or other wastage.
CAD/CAM - Computer Aided
Design/Computer Aided Manufacture
Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacture are two systems that tend to work
together.
Computer Aided Design helps design products on computers, rather than having to create
endless drawings. The system can create realistic 3D images of the finished product.
CAD also allows virtual testing of the product before it is actually made, dramatically
reducing lead times and minimising waste in new product development.
As CAD acts together with CAM, its outputs are designed to optimise designs for efficientmanufacture with CAM systems.
CAM uses computers to control tooling such as CNC and other robotised machinery. Benefits
would be expected to include; improved quality, reduced wastage, faster production and lessreliance on labour, in other words, it is more capital intensive. In many cases, CAM
facilitates the manufacture of designs that would have been impossible without thistechnology.
Project management
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The key Project Management tool that appears in A-level Business Studies is Critical PathAnalysis (CPA), also known as Network Analysis ± see separate Tutor2U revision note for
details of CPA.
Project Planning software, such as Microsoft Project, allows project managers to enter tasks,
lead times, dependencies and staff skills and availability, even allowing for holiday, and the
system will produce an optimised work schedule. Any student who has attempted to produceeven a simple CPA will appreciate how helpful such a software package would be!
Applications of ICT - Workplace Efficiency
Many of the key uses of ICT in the office will be familiar to A-level students from their own
experience ± in particular, the Microsoft Office ® suite of software including; word processor, database, spreadsheet, presentation, email etc.
Offices and many other workplaces typically have networked PCs with centralised databases
and high-speed Internet connections ± just as seen in modern schools, except that most users
would each have their own desktop or laptop computer.
Increasingly, the majority of office workers have company email accounts available on their
desktop PC. This provides a cheap and fast means of communication within the company andwith customers and suppliers.
Possible areas for discussion include; wasting time on non-company business, and,
susceptibility to virus attacks.
Refer also to your notes about communications and remember, not everyone checks his or her email regularly.
Word processing and Desktop Publishing
(DTP)
Word processing has taken over from typing in most workplaces, and means that many ± if
not most - office workers now create their own letters and documents, rather than pass writtennotes or a voice recording to typists.
More sophisticated DTP software with graphics capability means that brochures, newsletters,
pricelists and other official documents can easily be produced µin-house¶, rather than havingto pass the work to an outside agency.
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µTeleworking¶
Some of the above solutions, combined with relatively cheap desktop and notebook PCs and
widely available broadband and connections, mean that many workers can do at least part of
their job remotely. In some cases, this means workers working from home or when away on
business (or µholiday¶!).
Teleworking can help provide practical ways of offering more flexible working conditions.
This means that many people can work who would find it hard to manage regular office
hours. In turn, this can widen the available pool of experienced and qualified staff ± such as
people with childcare commitments, other carers and the disabled.
Teleworking is also the key to outsourcing call centre and other office work to overseascentres such as India, where there is an abundance of low cost, well-qualified staff and a good
infrastructure.
Document archivesRather than store correspondence and other documents in paper form, they can be scanned
and stored electronically for instant retrieval from anywhere on a company¶s network. This
can dramatically reduce the cost of storing and managing paper files, although one only has
to visit a typical office to see that we are a long way from being µpaperless¶.
Personnel management ± employee
databases
Human Resources (or Personnel) Departments use employee databases to help with areas
such as:
y Payroll,
y Benefits,
y Holidays,
y Pensions and
y General administrative purposes
APPLICATION OF IT IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION
A computer helps to manipulate data according to a list of instructions, called a program. Itcan save a lot of data and produce the same, instantly. It is also called a universal
information-processing machine. It is a common operating system used in corporate businesses, educational organizations and many research programs. The computer technology
has been used proficiently in various educational fields. There are many professional coursesthat program their curriculum on computers. It enables the students and teachers to
methodically study or conduct classes.
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Most schools highlight the importance of computer education. They provide computer education to children, at a very young age. It helps them to learn and develop interest in the
basics of computers. The main purpose is to make them comfortable using the system, as thefuture holds a bright promise for the technology. Many students become proficient and plan
to pursue careers in the world of computers.
Computers are used in running school and college administrations, during the admission procedures, storing of official and student records. They are also used in syllabus planning
and decision-making, controlling, assisting instructions and simulation. Computers are
helpful in directing aptitude tests and achievement tests, at the time of entrance exams. There
is computer software designed to process performances related to teachers and employees
promotion avenues. They also process records of salaries, examinations, schemes of
examination, printing of papers and question papers, evaluation of answer sheets, mark sheets
and certificates.
Computers are used in colleges, by the professors, to conduct special classes and enable their
students to adopt a methodical way of study. Students take more interest in the documented
programs, designed on different topics. Internet has provided a favorable means of pursuing
courses from renowned universities, across the world. These facilities become available at aclick of the mouse.