Application of Ultrasonic

7/25/2019 Application of Ultrasonic

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APPLICATIONS 2:

MATERIALS

CHARACTERIZATION


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Classification of ultrasonic Applications

Low frequency-high intensity

20kHZ


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An industrial technique whereby two piecesof plastic or metal are joined togetherwithout melting

The frequency of USW vibrations is 10!" to#$!" Used in electronic% automotive and

aerospace industry


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orking principle

(he trans&ucer generates theultrasonic +i.ration

(he ultrasonic +i.rations aretrans!itte& into the work piecethrough coupling syste! or

sonotro&e (he sonotro&e tips contacts the

work piece an& trans!its the+i.ratory energy into it

(he +i.rating energy is passe&into the work piece for wel&ing

*uring this transfer energy/ a partof the energy is &issipate& in thean+il support structure


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-Can .e use& to oin&issi!ilar !aterial

-Can .e use& to oin the

sa!e !aterial (he !ain li!it is the

thickness of the !aterials


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A device to measure the &ow velocity oftotal &uid'

(i)erent installation to suit piping design'

Sensitive to change of &ow pattern' *easurement a)ected by particles &ow' +ast response

,lamp-on available

.'0 Ultrasonic &owmeters


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Working principle

A &e+ice to !easure the flow +elocity / +olu!e or !ass

flow of a liqui& or a gas

A transit ti!e &e+ice which apparently !easures the

*elta ( or ti!e of flight path


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Another Type of Installations


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Time of &ight / suitable for clean liquid and

gases

(oppler- suitable in liquids having a second

phase eg sewage% sludge pen channel- measure the height of a liquid

surface as the &uid &ows

,orrelation-widely used in multiphase &ows in

the oil 2 gas industries

+luid oscillatory-detect the change in amplitude

modulation


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orking principle-*oppler (he .asic principle of operation e!ploys

the frequency shift *oppler ffect3 of anultrasonic signal when it is reflecte& .ysuspen&e& particles or gas .u..les&iscontinuities3 in !otion4

utilizes the physical pheno!enon of asoun& wa+e that changes frequency

when it is reflecte& .y !o+ing&iscontinuities in a flowing liqui&-ultrasonic soun& is trans!itte& into a pipewith flowing liqui&s/ an& the&iscontinuities reflect the ultrasonic wa+ewith a slightly &ifferent frequency that is

&irectly proportional to the rate of flow ofthe liqui& Current technology requires that the liqui&

contain at least 100 parts per !illion5563 of 100 !icron or larger suspen&e&particles or .u..les4


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Schematic (iagram of (oppler


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NDT testing characterizing materialthickness, integrity, or other physical

properties by means of high-frequency

sound waves for quality control.

3'0 nondestructive test4ndt5


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A pulser6receiver is an electronic device that can produce highvoltage electrical pulses to drive transducer to generates highfrequency ultrasonic energy'

(he reflecte& wa+esignal is transfor!e&into an electrical signal.y the trans&ucer

7oun& energy

propagates

through the

!aterials in thefor! of wa+es4

nergy reflecte& .y

the flaw surface &ue to

&iscontinuity cracks3


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7t is sensitive to both surface and subsurfacediscontinuities'The depth of penetration for &aw detection or

measurement is superior to other 8(T methods' nly single-sided access is needed when the

pulse-echo technique is used' 7t is highly accurate in determining re&ector

position and estimating si"e and shape' *inimal part preparation is required' 9lectronic equipment provides instantaneous

results' (etailed images can be produced with automated

systems' 7t has other uses% such as thicness measurement%

in addition to &aw detection'


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Li!itations 7urface !ust .e accessi.le to trans!it ultrasoun&4 7kill an& training is !ore e8tensi+e than with so!e other

!etho&s4 "t nor!ally requires a coupling !e&iu! to pro!ote the

transfer of soun& energy into the test speci!en4

6aterials that are rough/ irregular in shape/ +ery s!all/e8ceptionally thin or not ho!ogeneous are &ifficult toinspect4

Cast iron an& other coarse graine& !aterials are &ifficultto inspect &ue to low soun& trans!ission an& high signalnoise4

Linear &efects oriente& parallel to the soun& .ea! !aygo un&etecte&4

,eference stan&ar&s are require& for .oth equip!entcali.ration an& the characterization of flaws4


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:'0 Ultrasonic level gauge

9se wa+e propagation to &etect

the present of flui& at &esignate&

location4

)or!ally will .e low or high le+el

!o&es

,etrie+a.le for cali.ration4


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orking principle

:pen &etection

Conceal (ype
http://madisonco.stage.thomasnet-navigator.com/item/radar-and-ultrasonic-sensors/ultrasonic-sensor-short-range-4-to-70-madisonic/u4359?&plpver=10&forward=1


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$'0 Ultrasonic leas detection

A ;easSpecialist

carried outleasdetectionactivities in!eat

e


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A&+antages

nhance& leaks &etection spee& for tu.es/ connectionan& pitting fine holes34

Less cost

"t occupies less space an& re&uces la.our

"t can .e occupie& in cleaning hazar&ous su.stanceswithout the contact of the workers

n+iron!entally pollution free

High safety with less co!plaints


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orking principle

9ltrasonic leak &etectors work like si!ple!icrophones that are sensiti+e to high-

frequency soun&s ranging fro! 20-100 kHz4

piezoelectric crystal ele!ent as a sensor/

!inute high-frequency soun& wa+es e8cite

or ;fle8 the crystal


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"n or&er to test tu.e an& shell

con&ensers with ultrasoun&/ we

!ust first un&erstan& how they

work

Four Ways to Test

(here are four .asic !etho&s for

testing a heat e8changer/ two online/

scan an& contact/ an& two off-line/

pressure an& tone


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A&+antages

"t is non in+asi+e technique for !easuring the liqui&=oil le+el

in any storage=process tanks

"t can .e controlle& in a re!ote

"t is easy an& continuous on-line !easure!ents e+en incorrosion=hazar&ous zone


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RESEARCH PROJECT:7teppe& cell test ultrasonic


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Stepped cell test ultrasonic

9se& to &eter!ine the clou& point of pal! oil

Clou& point is one of the para!eter for quality control of

pal! oil

Con+entional !etho& use& +isual o.ser+ation of physical

changes on pal! oil sa!ple- colour


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orking principle

Clou& point of pal! oil can .e

&eter!ine& when .ig changes

in +elocity an& a.sorption of

ultrasonic occur

>elocity an& a.sorption of

ultrasonic wa+es &ifferent

when it is inci&ent on a

&ifferent !e&iu!


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Experiental set up


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,esults

Clou& point &etecte&

.y ultrasonic !etho&

higher than

con+entional !etho&

9ltrasonic !etho& can

&etecte& the changes

of pal! oil structure

earlier than

con+entional !etho&


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Documents

Application of Ultrasonic