Application of WEAP to Explore Future Water-Related

Scenarios

Application of WEAP to Application of WEAP to Explore Future WaterExplore Future Water--Related Related

ScenariosScenarios

Mohammad Rayej, Ph.D., P.E.Mohammad Rayej, Ph.D., P.E.Senior Engineer, W.R.Senior Engineer, W.R.

California Dept. of Water ResourcesCalifornia Dept. of Water Resources

Water Evaluation & Planning SystemWater Evaluation & Planning System

What is WEAP ?What What isis WEAP ?WEAP ?WWater ater EEvaluation valuation AAnd nd PPlanning modellanning modelAn integrated water resources system analysis toolAn integrated water resources system analysis toolDeveloped by Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) Developed by Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) Financial support provided by World Bank, USAID, US Financial support provided by World Bank, USAID, US Army Corps of Engineers, Japan Global Infrastructure Army Corps of Engineers, Japan Global Infrastructure FundFundApplied in evaluation of international water projects; U.S., Applied in evaluation of international water projects; U.S., Mexico, Brazil, Germany, South Africa, Israel, China, South Mexico, Brazil, Germany, South Africa, Israel, China, South Korea, Thailand, India, Nepal, Central Asia, Oman, Egypt, Korea, Thailand, India, Nepal, Central Asia, Oman, Egypt, Ghana Ghana Speaks many languages; English, French, Spanish, Speaks many languages; English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Korean !!!!!!Portuguese, Chinese, Korean !!!!!!

WEAP General ApproachWEAP General ApproachWEAP General ApproachBasic principle of conservation of massBasic principle of conservation of massSimulates water supply as well as demandSimulates water supply as well as demandConnects supply sources to demand sites using Connects supply sources to demand sites using transmission linkstransmission linksAllocates water supply to demand sites using a builtAllocates water supply to demand sites using a built--in LP in LP optimization routine taking into account priorities of the optimization routine taking into account priorities of the competing demand sitescompeting demand sitesObjective Function is to maximize amount of water a Objective Function is to maximize amount of water a demand site can receive (demand coverage) based on its demand site can receive (demand coverage) based on its priority and subject to physical, contractual and legal priority and subject to physical, contractual and legal constraints on storage and conveyance systemconstraints on storage and conveyance system

High level planning at State, High level planning at State, Regional or Local scalesRegional or Local scalesDaily, weekly, monthly, Daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal , annual timeseasonal , annual time--stepsstepsLP optimization of water LP optimization of water supply allocation (max. supply allocation (max. demand coverage)demand coverage)Supply and Demand analysis Supply and Demand analysis in a single toolin a single toolFuture projection of supply & Future projection of supply & demand given forecasting demand given forecasting functionsfunctionsGives a complete timeGives a complete time--projection, rather than a projection, rather than a single snapsingle snap--shot of the futureshot of the futurePowerful tool for Powerful tool for ““what ifwhat if””scenario analysisscenario analysis

Can NOT doCan NOT doHourly operationsHourly operationsEconomic Optimization Economic Optimization (only cost(only cost--benefit benefit analysisanalysis))

WEAP CapabilitiesWEAP Capabilities

Agriculture

Industry

Municipal

CottonRiceWheat...

Electric PowerPetroleumPaper...

South CityWest City...

Irrigation...

CoolingProcessingOthers

Single FamilyMulti-family...

FurrowSprinklerDrip

StandardEfficient...

KitchenBathingWasherToilet...

SECTOR SUBSECTOR END-USE DEVICE

Illustrative Demand StructureIllustrative Demand Structure

SuppliesSuppliesRivers (streams and tributaries)Rivers (streams and tributaries)ReservoirsReservoirsGroundwater (unconfined Aquifer)Groundwater (unconfined Aquifer)–– storage capacitystorage capacity–– maximum monthly withdrawalmaximum monthly withdrawal–– natural or artificial rechargenatural or artificial recharge

Diversions (e.g. canals, pipelines)Diversions (e.g. canals, pipelines)SurfaceSurface--GW interaction (simplified DarcyGW interaction (simplified Darcy’’s law)s law)Other (e.g. desalination)Other (e.g. desalination)

Priority Allocation Priority Allocation of Water Resourcesof Water Resources

Demand PrioritiesDemand Priorities

Supply PreferencesSupply PreferencesAllocation OrderAllocation Order

Linking supply and demand

Return flows to surface or ground

water or treatment plants

WEAP NetworkWEAP Network

5 Main Views

Menu bar

Program StructureProgram Structure

Data can be at the level of a site, or disaggregated to any level of

detail

Entering Demand DataEntering Demand Data

Results ViewResults View Results can be displayed in a

number of formats and

scales

Favorite charts can be selected to

give quick overviews

Overview ViewOverview View

Select any part of the tree to enter

notes about assumptions and

references

Notes ViewNotes View

Use the time series wizard or

expression builder

Building ExpressionsBuilding Expressions

HydrologyHydrologyReadRead--fromfrom--File MethodFile Method

Historical or synthetic data, Historical or synthetic data, imported from data filesimported from data files

WaterWater--Year MethodYear MethodCreate a series of water year Create a series of water year ““typestypes”” from very dry through from very dry through normal to very wet (5 types).normal to very wet (5 types).For each scenario year For each scenario year specify its type.specify its type.Use to examine alternative Use to examine alternative climate scenarios.climate scenarios.

Inactive Zone

Buffer Zone

Conservation Zone

Top of Inactive

Top of Buffer

Top of Conservation

Total StorageFlood Control Zone

Reservoir OperationsReservoir Operations

WEAP Application to California WEAP Application to California WaterWater

Statewide scenarioStatewide scenario--based planning based planning 10 Hydrologic Regions10 Hydrologic RegionsState and Regional demands and suppliesState and Regional demands and suppliesDemands; Ag, Urban, EnvironmentDemands; Ag, Urban, EnvironmentSupplies; Surface, GW, Desalination, Water Supplies; Surface, GW, Desalination, Water Transfer and ImportsTransfer and ImportsCurrent and future water supply and demand Current and future water supply and demand under different under different ““scenariosscenarios”” of population growth, of population growth, sociosocio--economic factors (income, price elasticity), economic factors (income, price elasticity), climate change, etc. climate change, etc. Statewide and RegionStatewide and Region--specific specific ““scenarioscenario”” factorsfactors

Selected ProjectsSelected ProjectsCaliforniaCalifornia–– Impacts of climate change and other stressors on Impacts of climate change and other stressors on

ecosystem servicesecosystem servicesVolta and Syr DaryaVolta and Syr Darya–– Food and environmental securityFood and environmental security

ChinaChina–– Providing a basis for cooperation/negotiation between Providing a basis for cooperation/negotiation between

Beijing and upstream water usersBeijing and upstream water usersSouth AfricaSouth Africa–– Moving towards equity in water useMoving towards equity in water use

10 Hydrologic Regions10 Hydrologic Regions

1. NC = North Coast

2. SF = San Francisco

3. CC = Central Coast

4. SC = South Coast

5. SR = Sacramento R.

1. NC = North Coast

2. SF = San Francisco

3. CC = Central Coast

4. SC = South Coast

5. SR = Sacramento R.

6. SJ = San Joaquin R.

7. TL = Tulare Lake

8. NL = North Lahontan

9. SL = South Lahontan

10. CR = Colorado R.

6. SJ = San Joaquin R.

7. TL = Tulare Lake

8. NL = North Lahontan

9. SL = South Lahontan

10. CR = Colorado R.

Ag

Urban

AgAg

CropsCrops

Example Crop

Grains

Irrecoverable Losses

Recoverable Losses

UrbanUrban

SectorsSectors

Urban

Single Family

Interior