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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 58 0 JULY 1992 * NUMBER 7
Lars G. jungdahl, Editor in Chief (1995)University of GeorgiaAthensRobert A. Bender, Editor (1997)University ofMichiganAnn Arbor
Jane Gibson, Editor (1994)Cornell UniversityIthaca, N.Y
Robert J. Maier, Editor (1995)The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Md.Kenneth W. Nickerson, Editor
(1997)University ofNebraskaLincoln
Jim C. Spain, Editor (1997)U.S. Air ForceTyndall Air Force Base, Fla.Barrie F. Taylor, Editor (1994)University ofMiamiMiami, Fla.Richard F. Unz, Editor (1995)Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park
EDITORIAL BOARDDonald G. Ahearn (1993)Jan R. Andreesen (1994)Ronald M. Atlas (1992)Tamar Barkay (1992)David R. Benson (1992)Claire M. Berg (1994)Kostia Bergman (1993)Deepak Bhatnager (1993)linda F. Bisson (1992)Robert Blanchette (1992)Hans Blaschek (1992)David R. Boone (1993)Peter J. Bottomley (1992)Robert E. Brackett (12James Brierley (1994)Daniel R. Caldwell (1994)Douglas G. Capone (1993)Carl E. Cerniglia (1994)A. Keith Charnley (1992)Ann Chatterjee (1992)G. Rasul Chaudhry (1992)Tyrreli Conway (1994)Everly Conway de Macario
(1994)Donald A. Cooksey (1994)Donald Crawford (1994)Kurt Dahlberg (1992)Edward F. DeLong (1993)Martin Dickman (1993)Harold Drake (1994)Gabriel Drapeau (1993)David W. Emerich (1992)Stanley L Erlandsen (1993)Douglas Eveleigh (1994)
Scott Feighner (1994)Susan Fisher (1993)Gerald F. Fitzgerald (1994)Madilyn M. Fletcher (1993)James C. Fogleman (1993)Larry Forney (1993)Cecil W. Forsberg (1994)Shelby N. Freer (1994)Michael S. Gilmore (1993)Richard V. Greene (1992)D. Jay Grimes (1993)Charles N. Haas (1993)Barbel Hahn-Higerdal (1994)Caroline S. Harwood (1993)George Hegeman (1994)Walter E. Hill (1992)Alan Hooper (1993)Christon J. Hurst (1994)Robert W. Hutkins (1992)Lonnie 0. Ingram (1992)Thomas W. Jeiries (1994)Michael G. Johnson (1992)Anna Johnson-Winegar (1994)Ronald D. Jones (1993)David M. Karl (1994)Jeffrey Karns (1994)Eva Kaskhet (1993)Gary M. King (1993)Staffan Kjelleberg (1994)Todd R. Klaenhammer (1992)Linda Kohn (1994)Allan E. Konopka (1994)Roger Korus (1992)Rajl L. Kulkarni (1994)
Cletus Kurtzman (1994)R. Victor Lachica (1992Thomas Langworthy (1Robert A. LaRossa (1994)Donald J. LeBlanc (1993)Jane A. Z. Leedle (1994)John Leslie (1994)Peter LAthy (1992)Eugene L Madsen (1992)Edward 0. Mason, Jr. (1993)Thomas L. Mason (1993)Ann G. Matthysse (1992)Michael J. McInerney (1992)Richard D. Miller (1994)Aaron L. Mills (1993)Charles Moran 1993)David P. Nagle, Jr. (1994)Louise M. Nelson (1992)Walter G. Niehaus, Jr. (1994)Fergal O'Gara (1992)James D. Oliver (1993)Eric Olson (1994)Tairo Oshima (1993)Hans W. Paerl (1993)William J. Page (1992)Samuel A. Palumbo (1994)Bruce Paster (1994)Christine Paszko-Kolva (1994)Ian L. Pepper (1994)James J. Pestka (1992)Allen T. Phillips (1992)Wesley 0. Pipes (1992)John I. Pin (1993)Malcolm Potts (1993)
Robert Ramaley (1992)John N. Reeve (1993)John L. Richard (1993)Donald C. Robertson (1993)Joseph A. Robinson (1993)John P. N. Rosazza (1994)Edward G. Ruby (1992)James B. Russell (1992)Michael Jay Sadowsky (1994)Peter M. Scott (1993)Barry F. Sherr (1994)C. Jeffrey Smith (1994)John B. Sutherland (1992)P. G. Thiel (1994)Linda S. Thomashow (1992)John Thompson (1994)Edward Topp (1992)Peter Van Berkum (1992)J. P. van Dijken (1992)Vincent H. Varel (1994)Ross A. Virnia (1994)Edward Voss (1993)Larry Wackett (1994)Judy D. Wall (1994)Carol L Wells (1994)Bryan A. White (1993)David R. Wilcox (1992)Michael G. Wolfersberger
(1994)Lily Young (1992)Stephen H. Zinder (1994)David A. Zuberer (1992)
Barbara H. Iglewski, Chairman, Publications BoardJohn N. Bell, Production Editor
Linda M. illig, Director, Journals
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a publication of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.,Washington, DC 20005-4171, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, bothapplied and fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; repnnts areavailable from the editors and the Journals Division. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published monthly, one volume per year.The nonmember subscription prices are $250 (U.S.), $268 (Canada), and $299 (other countries; air drop shipping) per year; single copies are$42.80 (Canada) and $40 (U.S. and other countries). The member subscription prices are $49 (U.S.), $52 (Canada), and $84 (other countries;air drop shipping); single copies are $10.70 (Canada) and $10 (U.S. and other countries). Correspondence relating to subscriptions, defectivecopies, nussmg issues, and availability of back issues should be directed to the Subscnptions Department, ASM; correspondence relating toreprint orders should be directed to the Publication Sales Department, ASM; and correspondence relating to disposition of submittedmanuscripts, proofs, and general editorial matters should be directed to the Journals Division, American Society for Microbiology, 1325Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005.4171. Phone: (202) 737-3600.Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication of
the issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues. Claims for issues missing becauseof failure to report an address change or for issues "missing from files" will not be allowed.
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DC 20005-4171.Made in the United States of America. Printed on acid-free paper. ISSN: 0099-2240Copyright @ 1992, American Society for Microbiology. CODEN: AEMIDFAll Rights Reserved. 13*r:idU,9 it i,% r ff 1;J ^IIkThe code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the article may be
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Author IndexAmann, Rudolf I., 2158Arnold, Robert G., 2231Autio, K., 2153
Baldani, J. Ivo, 2308Basson, Philip, 2341Batzli, Janet McCray, 2137Bhunia, Arun K., 2315Bjourson, A. J., 2296Bos, P., 2227Breddam, Klaus, 2144Brettar, Ingrid, 2201Bruno, Maria E. C., 2255Buchholz, Lorie A., 2302Byrd, Jeffrey J., 2266
Colwell, Rita R., 2266Cooper, J. E., 2296Costa, Gumersindo Feijoo,
2219Covert, Sarah F., 2168Cullen, Dan, 2168
Dal Degan, Florence, 2144de Bont, Jan A. M., 2219de Bruijn, Frans J., 2180de Bruyn, J. C., 2227de Jong, Ed, 2219Dostal, Larry, 2116
Eardly, B. D., 2308El-Sharkawy, Saleh H., 2116Enfield, Carl G., 2211
Fassel, Theresa A., 2302Fett, W. F., 2123
Field, Jim A., 2219Firme, Paula, 2271Frings, Joachim, 2164Fulayfil, Nada, 2341
Garcia-Armesto, M. R., 2245Garcia-Lopez, M. L., 2245Gerard, H. C., 2123Graham, David W., 2231Graves, William R., 2137
Haigler, Billy E., 2237Hicks, Randall E., 2158Hofle, Manfred G., 2201Holmstrom, Carola, 2111Hooper, Alan B., 2321Hynes, M. F., 2308
Ingram, L. O., 2103Istok, Jonathan D., 2280
Jackson, Mark A., 2260Jareonkitmongkol, Saeree,
2196Johnson, Eric A., 2334Johnson, Michael G., 2315Jones, L. E., 2123
Kaiser, Alan, 2255Kato, Junichi, 2250Kawashima, Hiroshi, 2196Keevil, C. W., 2326Kennedy, Kevin J., 2131Kjelleberg, Staffan, 2111Korich, Dick G., 2231Kuenen, J. G., 2227
Laakso, Simo, 2338Leach, J. E., 2188Leahy, Joseph G., 2266LeBlanc, Ronald P., 2231Leung, H., 2188Lindqvist, Roland, 2211
Makemson, John C., 2341Marquis, Robert E., 2287Mattila-Sandholm, T., 2153Mew, T. W., 2188Miller, Kathleen W., 2176Mohn, William W., 2131Montville, Thomas J., 2255Moreau, R. A., 2123Moreno, B., 2245
Nicholson, David K., 2280Nikata, Toshiyuki, 2250
Ohtake, Hisao, 2250Olson, Betty H., 2292Osman, S. F., 2123Otero, A., 2245
Patterson-Curtis, Sandra I.,2334
Peek, Daniel C., 2280Perille Collins, Mary Lynne,
2302Pettigrew, Charles A., 2237Prieto, M., 2245Pronk, J. T., 2227
Remsen, C. C., 2302Rhoads, M. L., 2188
Ribadeau-Dumas, Bruno, 2144Rittschof, Dan, 2111Rogers, Julie, 2326Rosazza, John P. N., 2116
Santos, Helena, 2271Schink, Bernhard, 2164Schisler, David A., 2260Schramm, Edgar, 2164Shimizu, Sakayu, 2196Shirasaka, Norifumi, 2196Sinclair, Norval A., 2231Spain, Jim C., 2237Stahl, David A., 2158Stone, C. E., 2296Strobel, Herbert J., 2331Sturr, Michael G., 2287Sumida, Ken, 2250Suutari, Merja, 2338
Tsai, Yu-Li, 2292
van Berkum, Peter, 2137Vanden Wymelenberg,Amber, 2168
Vannelli, Todd, 2321Veiga-Da-Cunha, Maria, 2271Vera Cruz, C. M., 2188Vit6ria San Romao, M., 2271
Weaver, R. W., 2308White, F. F., 2188Wood, Brent E., 2103Woods, Sandra L., 2280
Yamada, Hideaki, 2196Yang, Wei, 2116
Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology publishes a substan-tial share of the most significant JANUARcurrent research in the areas of(2027dOIU 58Nleberowindustrial microbiology andbiotechnology, food microbiolo-g,and microbial ecology. High-
lighting research findings appli-cable to the development ofnew processes or productsAEM is a broad-based journal
athat is indispensable to thosewhose basic work has impl-cations of near-term practicalbenefit.
Sections include Geneticsand Molecular Biology,tEnzymology andProteina!JEngineering, PhysiologyNand Biotechnology, FoodMvicrobiology, Mycology,Environmental and PublicHealth Microbiology
Gediosnoertl A.crbender Ronld.CawodJanetGibon,Roes J.dMaier ent .Ncesn are .Tyo,adRcadFn
members.SusciptiontrtewithtewJnarsse
Call099(240273-36700ptcargesyoureraor*FAXordersl t(25020SA)73-0368.0PurChaseaorders9and (othercorrespondencluestubiatirdonpae ttedrseo
American Socliety o icrobi1325 Massachusets Avenue, N. Washington, DQ120005-417