Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_9

10/20/2016 Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science Mastery Assess It_9

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Mastery Assess It 9

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1. What does the Moon's gravity control?

a. Oceans' tides and waves on Earth Yes! The moon has a gravitational pull on the Earth, which influences tides and waves. b. The sun rising and setting at a certain time each day.

The moon is not massive enough to have any gravitational effect on the sun.c. Whether it rains or not every day

The moon is not associated with weather because it does not provide the energy required to fuel weather on Earth.d. None of the above

Great effort, but one of the answers listed is correct.

2. Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?

a. volume and mass

b. weight and time

c. distance and mass

d. area and weight

3. Which of these statements is accurate?

a. Distance measures space traveled over time. This statement is accurate, but is it the only one?b. Mass measures the amount of matter.

This statement is accurate, but is it the only one?c. Gravitational force measures the amount of attraction due to gravity.

This statement is accurate, but is it the only one?d. All of the choices listed are correct.

Correct! All of these statements are accurate.”

© Copyright 2016. Lincoln Learning Solutions. All rights reserved Author: Lincoln Learning Solutions



4. Who is responsible for defining the laws of gravity in 1687?

a. Isaac Newton Correct! Remember the legend of the apple hitting Newton when it fell off of the tree?b. James Madison

James Madison was president during the War of 1812, but he didn't contribute much to the concept of gravity.c. Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was a president and a lawyer, but he didn't contribute much to the concept of gravity.d. Charles Darwin

Think about which scientist is closely associated with gravity.

5. Which object has the highest gravitational force?

a. A ball on Mars that weighs 2 pounds Remember, greater mass = greater force.b. A ball on Earth that weighs 2 pounds

Remember, greater mass = greater force.c. A ball on Mars that weighs 5 pounds

Remember, greater mass = greater force.d. A ball on Earth that weighs 5 pounds

Correct! Greater mass = greater force!

6. Why is the Sun's gravity considered the most powerful force of gravity in our solar system?

a. because the sun is the largest object in our solar system

You are correct! Because the sun is the largest object in our solar system, and because gravity is a function of distance and mass, the sun is the mostpowerful gravitational force in our solar system!

b. because the sun is far away Great effort, but it is mass and distance that determine gravity.c. because the sun is so bright

Great effort, but while the sun is indeed very bright, this has no effect on the force of gravity.d. because the earth is tilted

Great effort, but the tilt of the earth gives us seasons and climate, but does not affect gravity.

7. The diagram shows a child swinging on a swing set.

As the child moves from left to right, at which point will the maximum kinetic energy be reached?

a. 4

b. 1

c. 3

d. 2



8. Two identical objects are shown below. In which case is the gravitational force the least?

a.

b.

c.

d.

9. Four identical cans are arranged on the shelves of the bookcase as shown.

Which can has the GREATEST potential energy?

a. 4

b. 2

c. 3

d. 1



10. A juggler tosses balls into the air as he juggles.

Which form of energy is increasing as the balls travel up into the air?

a. potential energy

b. kinetic energy

c. thermal energy

d. chemical energy

11. Which statement about a satellite orbiting Earth is true?

a. The gravity exerted on the satellite is lower in orbit than on the surface of Earth.

b. The weight of the satellite is the same in orbit as on the surface of Earth.

c. The mass of the satellite increases as its distance from Earth increases.

d. The density of the satellite decreases as its distance from Earth increases.

12. Which of the following is the standard unit of measurement for mass?

a. The kilogram You are correct! The kilogram measures mass!b. the pound

Great effort, but the the pound measures weight, or the force of gravity.c. the liter

Great effort, but the liter measure volume.d. the meter

Great effort, but the meter measures distance, or length.



13. In the figure, a 500gram (g) ball is located on top of a table.

Which measurement will the student need to take if he wants to calculate the potential energy of the ball?

a. horizontal distance from the ball to the edge of the table

b. density of the ball

c. volume of the ball

d. vertical distance from the floor to the ball

14. The gravitational force exerted by an object depends on its

a. mass.

b. volume.

c. size.

d. weight.

15. Which object has the largest gravitational pull?

a. A ball with a mass of 150 grams Remember, greater mass = greater force.b. A ball with a mass of 50 grams

Remember, greater mass = greater force.c. A ball with a mass of 100 grams

Remember, greater mass = greater force.d. A ball with a mass of 200 grams

Correct! Greater mass = greater force!

16. When placed at equal distances apart, the greatest gravitational attraction will be between two

a. school buses.

b. bowling balls.

c. refrigerators.

d. skateboards.



17. The drawing shows a waterfall flowing into a pool of water.

Which statement BEST describes the energy of the objects in the drawing?

a. The pool of water has more kinetic energy and the falling water has more potential energy.

b. The falling water has potential energy and the rock over which it flows has kinetic energy.

c. The water has potential energy at the top of the waterfall and increasing kinetic energy as it falls.

d. The water at the top of the fall has kinetic energy that becomes potential energy as it falls into the pool.

18. Choose any events that are controlled or affected by gravity.

a. Drinking juice without it floating up in the air This option is affected by gravity, but is it the only one?b. Your ability to catch a frisbee from a friend

This option is affected by gravity, but is it the only one?c. Your ability to stand on Earth without floating off into space

This option is affected by gravity, but is it the only one?d. Your ability to jump down from the monkey bars

This option is affected by gravity, but is it the only one?

19. A student is organizing a room. She moves a box from the floor to a shelf. She wants to estimate the amount of potential energy the box has on theshelf. What information does the student need?

a. the volume and mass of the box

b. the mass of the box and the height of the shelf

c. the volume of the box and the height of the shelf

d. the mass of the shelf and the mass of the box

20. A roller coaster is climbing up the highest hill on its track. At which point will the front car of the coaster MOST likely have its greatest potentialenergy?

a. at the end of the track

b. at the bottom of the highest hill

c. at the start of the track

d. at the top of the highest hill



21. Which of the following does gravity keep from escaping?

a. Earth The gravity of the sun keeps Earth from escaping. Is this the only option that is correct?b. Moon

The gravity of the sun and the Earth keep the moon from escaping. Is this the only option that is correct?c. Saturn

The gravity of the sun keeps Saturn from escaping. Is this the only option that is correct?d. All of the answers are correct

Correct! The gravity of the sun keeps Earth, the moon, and Saturn from escaping.

22. Two objects are at rest and are 1.0 meter apart. To reduce the gravitational pull between the two objects, they should be

a. stacked vertically.

b. moved 1.5 meters apart.

c. placed side by side.

d. moved 0.5 meter apart.

23. The drawing represents a mountain bike trail.

A bike rider began at Point 1 on the trail and ended at Point 4.

• Describe the change in kinetic energy from Point 1 to Point 2.

• Describe the change in potential energy from Point 1 to Point 2.

Rubric:Max Score Description

Max Score Description

2

: 2point response:The response includes both of the following:• As the rider moves from Point 1 to Point 2, the kinetic energydecreases.• As the rider moves from Point 1 to Point 2, the potential energy increases. 1point response:The response includes onlyone correct component of a 2point response. 0point response:The response shows no understanding of the task/problem. Bpointresponse:Blank response, no attempt to answer

Total: 2

24. Why is Newton's law of universal gravitation significant?

a. because it explains that for every force, there is an equal and opposite force Great effort, but this relates to Newton's Third Law of Motion, not the Universal Law of Gravitation. b. because it explains that the force is equal to mass times acceleration

Great effort, but this relates to Newton's Second Law of Motion, not the Universal Law of Gravitation. c. because it clarifies the understanding of all motions in the entire universe

You are correct! Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation relates to the motion of all matter in the universe!d. because it explains how objects resist change in motion

Great effort, but this relates to Newton's First Law of Motion, not the Universal Law of Gravitation.



25. Choose the fundamental basis for interactions.

a. Weak and strong This is a correct answer. Is it the only one?b. Gravitational

This is a correct answer. Is it the only one?c. Electromagnetic

This is a correct answer. Is it the only one?d. All of the choices listed are correct

Correct! All of the answers are right!

26. A boulder with a mass of 10 kg is falling from the sky. If the boulder is under the influence of gravity (9.8 m/s2), what is the force involved?

a. 9.82 N Great effort, but you should use the formula, f = m x a, to determine the answer to this question. 10 x 9.8 = 98 N.b. 98.2 N

Great effort, but you should use the formula, f = m x a, to determine the answer to this question. 10 x 9.8 = 98 N.c. 9.8 N

Great effort, but you should use the formula, f = m x a, to determine the answer to this question. 10 x 9.8 = 98 N.d. 98 N

Correct! 10 x 9.8 = 98 N!

27. Newton's law of universal gravitation also explains what?

a. how the distance between an object and another object is determined by gravity Great effort, but distance between objects is measured with units for distance, such as kilometers, meters, or centimeters. b. how an object resists change in motion

Great effort, but this describes Newton's First Law, not the Law of Universal Gravitation. c. how force is calculated

Great effort, but this describes Newton's Second Law, not the Law of Universal Gravitation. d. how the strength of the attraction between objects is determined by the mass of the objects and the distance between them

You are correct! The force of gravity is a function of mass and distance!

28. Which of the following statements best explains why weight can change, but mass cannot?

a. weight is a measure of the force of gravity, while mass is a measurement of the amount of matter contained in an object. You are correct! Weight is a measurement of the force of gravity based on location!b. Mass can change based on location, but weight is constant.

Great effort, but mass is constant, while weight can change based on location. c. Weight is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while mass is a measure of the force of gravity on an object.

Great effort, but weight is a measure of the force of gravity. d. Mass is a measure of how tightly packed the matter is, but weight is a measure of the force of gravity.

Great effort, but volume measures how much matter takes up a given space.

29. Choose all that are affected by gravity.

a. Phases of the Moon This option is affected by gravity, but is it the only one?b. Days, years, and eclipses

This option is affected by gravity, but is it the only one?c. The blueness of the sky

The blueness of the sky is due to light refraction.d. The orbits' path of the Sun, Earth and Moon

This option is affected by gravity, but is it the only one?

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Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_9