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The LAD Theory Chomsky; part of the nativist perspective; learners have a language acquisition device (LAD); a brain structure that consists of neural wiring; innate ability to know the structure and rules of a language;
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Approaches to (Second) Language Acquisition
Behaviorism (Theory)
• tabula rasa (to be filled with language material)
• children learn language by imitation;
• Stimulus (or a lack of stimulus) prompts learners to imitate
what has been heard;
• Stimulus – response
• Pavlov
• Skinner
The LAD Theory
• Chomsky;
• part of the nativist perspective;
• learners have a language acquisition device (LAD);
• a brain structure that consists of neural wiring;
• innate ability to know the structure and rules of a
language;
Innatism
• Language is acquired through an innate ability;
• Innatism lead to Universal Grammar - innate
knowledge of the rules and principles found in
every language;
• The notion of Universal Grammar may not be
applicable to second language learners.
Interactionist
• focuses on social interactions between L2 learners and the target language speakers;
• interactions give the L2 learners feedback on both correct and incorrect language usage;
• environment,; modified interaction
Critical Period Hypothesis
• Natural language acquisition – the ages of 2-12 (years old);
• Brain - – before age 2 the brain in not ready; – after the age of 12 the brain looses its plasticity;
The Critical Period Hypothesis limits both native language learning (L1) and second language learning (L2).