Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Islam A. El-ShaarawyShoubra Faculty of Eng.

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

AgendaAI Definition

AI Approaches

AI Tools

AI Applications

Open Discussion

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

FUZZY LOGIC

NEURAL NETWORKSPROLOG

EXPERT SYSTEMS

GENETIC ALGORITHMS

ANT COLONY

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING PATTERN RECOGNITION

AGENTS

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Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science, which aims to create it.

Major AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents"

John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines"

AI Definition

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Turing testThe Turing test is a proposal for a test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence.It proceeds as follows:

A human judge engages in a conversation with one human and one machine each of which tries to appear humanAll participants are placed in isolated locations.If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test.

AI Definition

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Approaches to AICybernetics and brain simulation (neurology, information theory, and cybernetics)

Traditional symbolic AI (Logical AI/Knowledge based AI)

Sub-symbolic AI (Computational Intelligence)

Statistical AI

AI Approaches

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

LogicPropositionalFuzzy Logic

Specialized LanguagesPrologLisp

Probabilistic Methods (for uncertain reasoning)Bayesian NetworkHidden Markov Model

Genetic AlgorithmsArtificial Neural NetworksSwarm Intelligence

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Fuzzy LogicFuzzy logic is a form of multi-valued logic derived from fuzzy set theory to deal with reasoning that is approximate rather than precise.

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

AlgorithmIn mathematics, computing, linguistics and related subjects, an algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions, often used for calculation and data processing.

Named after Muhammad ibn Musa abu Gaafar Khwarizmi

Algorithm development:Designing Algorithms

Expressing Algorithms

Algorithms Implementation

Algorithms Analysis (Abstract versus Empirical)

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Genetic AlgorithmsGA is search technique used in computing to find exact or approximate solutions to optimization and search problems.

Genetic algorithms are a particular class of evolutionary algorithms that use techniques inspired by evolutionary biology in which population evolution proceeds as follows:

Initialization

Selection

Reproduction

Crossover

Mutation

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Artificial Neural NetworkIt is a mathematical model or computational model based on biological neural networks.

It consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons and processes information using a connectionist approach to computation.

In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network during the learning phase.

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Intelligent AgentIn artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity which observes and acts upon an environment (i.e. it is an agent) and directs its activity towards achieving goals (i.e. it is rational).

The idea is that agents are not strictly invoked for a task, but activate themselves.

Intelligent agents may also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals.

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Swarm intelligenceSwarm intelligence (SI) is a type of artificial intelligence based on the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems.SI systems are typically made up of a population of simple agents interacting locally with one another and with their environment.The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of "intelligent" global behavior, unknown to the individual agents.

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Swarm intelligence (cont.)Natural examples of SI include ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, and fish schooling.

The application of swarm principles to robots is called swarm robotics, while 'swarm intelligence' refers to the more general set of algorithms.

'Swarm prediction' has been used in the context of forecasting problems.

AI Tools

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Robotics

FinanceStock Market Prediction

Stolen Credit Card Detection

MedicineDiagnoses

Disease Prediction

Telecommunications

Transportation

Aviation

Toys and Games

AI Applications

Approaches, Tools, and Applications

Discussion