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6/19/2010 1 Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja & Adel Kader Postharvest Short Course Davis, 2010 Postharvest operations Harvest and preparation for market Curing Curing Packinghouse operations Packing and packaging materials Decay and insect control Temperature and relative humidity control Storage T i T ransportation Handling at destination Food safety practices

Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Page 1: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

6/19/2010

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Appropriate postharvest technology

Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

& Adel Kader

Postharvest Short Course

Davis, 2010

Postharvest operations

• Harvest and preparation for market• CuringCuring• Packinghouse operations• Packing and packaging materials• Decay and insect control• Temperature and relative humidity control• StorageT i• Transportation

• Handling at destination• Food safety practices

Page 2: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Harvest and preparation for market

• Small‐scale producers’ advantage ‐ intelligent harvest– Earlier (succulent vegetables)

– Later (tree‐ripe fruits)

– More often (all products –better, more uniform maturity)

• Harvest carefully, use simple y, pimplements– Shears, knives, clippers, ladders, poles

Maturity standards

• Simple maturity indices are often very ff tieffective

– Shape/size

– Color charts

– Refractrometer

– Firmness testerFirmness tester

Page 3: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Harvest containers

• Buckets or crates better than soft bags

• Small containers better than large bins

• Harvest and pack in field where possible

Packinghouse operations• Dumping

• Pre‐sorting

Cl i• Cleaning

• Waxing

• Sizing/sorting

Page 4: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Page 5: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Packing and packaging material

– Local materials are often rough, and unsanitary

C t i b if– Containers may be non‐uniform

– Fiberboard, returnable crates

`

Page 6: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Decay and insect control

• Good management during production

– Field sanitation

• Care, cleanliness postharvest

• Simple sanitation, NaOCl

Page 7: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Temperature and relative humidity control

• Measure and RECORD

• Shade to reduce solar heating• Shade to reduce solar heating

• Mechanical refrigeration is the optimal technology– Coolbot

– Forced air pre‐coolers

• Evaporative coolers can work

• Night air cooling

• Well water

• High altitude

Page 8: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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The Coolbot

Storage

• Best not to!

• Store on the plant• Store on the plant

• Clamps

• Night air storage

• Cave storage

M h i l f i ti• Mechanical refrigeration

Page 9: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Transportation• Critical link

• Major source of loss

T l• Temperature control

– Passive

– Active

Page 10: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Page 11: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Food safety practices

Page 12: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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What is the Horticulture CRSP?Funded by USAID in 2009, the UC Davis Horticulture Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) provides funds for US Universities and their international partners to conduct research and outreach to improve incomes and health of the rural poor through high value horticulture, with a particular focus on reducing postharvest losses.

Gates project – proposed interventions

• Improved containers to better protect produce from damage

• Providing shade to reduce temperature and provide a natural source of cooling

• Improved field packing methods during harvest to reduce handling damage and add value

• Improved Curing of root and tuber cropsI d i i U f• Improved sanitation: Use of water disinfection methods and other sanitation procedures

• Effective insect control: Disinfestation and protection against reinfestation

Page 13: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Shading to Shading to Protect Produce Protect Produce from the Sunfrom the Sun

Proposed Interventions‐2

• Low cost cooling methods: Evaporative forced air cooling or hydro‐cooling with well watera coo g o yd o coo g t e ate

• Low energy cool storage practices (bricks and sand model cool chambers, "pot‐in‐pot" designs)

• Small‐scale cool transport• Cool & Ship portable forced air coolerp p• Small‐scale Cold room with CoolBot• Alternative cooling technologies

Page 14: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Refrigerated Truck

Proposed Interventions‐3• Improved ripening practices: Methods to slow or speed ripening of fruits

• Improved solar drying methods: low‐cost, low‐technology solar drying methodstechnology solar drying methods

• Improved small scale food processing methods: low‐cost, low‐technology food processing methods

• Production practices that affect postharvest losses and qualityq y

• Marketing strategies that help maintain quality and reduce postharvest losses

• Extension and training strategies for outreach and promotion of appropriate postharvest technologies

Page 15: Appropriate postharvest technology - UCANR Web Sitesucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-1641.pdf ·  · 2010-06-20Appropriate postharvest technology Michael Reid, Lisa Kitinoja

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Strategies for Improving Handling of Fresh Produce Worldwide

• Application of current knowledge to improve the handling 

t f h ti lt l i h bl d th i litsystems of horticultural perishables and assure their quality 

and safety

• Removing the socioeconomic constraints, such as 

inadequacies of infrastructure, poor marketing systems, and 

weak R&D capacity.

• Overcoming the limitations of small‐scale operations by 

encouraging consolidation and vertical integration among 

producers and marketers of each commodity or group of 

commodities.

Reducing Postharvest Losses by 50% by 2025 is an attainable goal

Reducing land, chemical, energy and other inputs needed for production of agronomic and horticultural crops

Conserving natural resources (land, water, energy, etc.) and protecting the environment