Apr 173:34 PM - mrlongvb.weebly.com · Salinity is the measure of the amount of dissolved salts and other solids in a given liquid. ... (leaves remaining salts behind)

201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook

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April24,2018

Apr173:34PM

Althoughpurewateristasteless,odorlessandcolorless,oceanwaterisnotpure.Oceanwaterisacomplexmixtureof: dissolvedsolidsandgasses, smallparticlesofmatter, tinyorganisms, chemicalsthatsustainsavarietyofplantandanimallife.


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April24,2018

Apr173:38PM

DissolvedGasses:Thetwoprimarygassesintheatmosphereare:Nitrogen,

N2,andOxygen,O2.Thisistruealsofortheoceanwater.CO2isalsopresentinlargerquantitiesinoceanwater,aswellasotheratmosphericgasses.

Howgassesentertheocean?1. Waterfromstreamsandrivers2. Volcaniceruptionsfrombeneaththeoceans3. Releaseddirectlyintotheoceanbythemarine

organismsthatliveintheoceana. Photosynthesis4. Mostenterstheoceandirectlyfromthe

atmosphere


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Apr181:40PM

TemperatureandDissolvedGassesGassesdissolvemorereadilyincoldwaterthan

inwarmwater.Thereforewateratthesurfaceofanoceaninacoldregiondissolvesgassesmorereadily,thanoceanslocatedneartheequator.

TheOceansasaCarbonSinkTheoceanscontain60timesasmuchcarbonas

theatmospheredoes,becausedissolvedCO2mayhavebeentrappedintheoceansforhundredstothousandsofyears.(Whytheoceansarecalledacarbonsink.)ThisdissolvedCO2intheoceansisimportantintheregulationofEarthsclimate.


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April24,2018

Apr163:12PM

DissolvedSolids 97%ofallwateronEarthissaltwater. Oceanwateris96.5%purewaterand3.5%isdissolvedseasalts.

o Thesesaltsarecomposedofabout75chemicalelements:(6mostabundant)

Chlorine Sodium Magnesium Sulfur calcium potassium


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Apr163:13PM

o Halite(madeupofsodiumandchlorideions)makesupmorethan85%oftheoceansdissolvedsolids.o Traceelementsalsoexistinverysmall

amounts:i.e.gold,zincorphosphorous.

SourcesofDissolvedSolidsComefromthreemainsources:

1. Volcaniceruptions2. Chemicalweatheringofrockonlando Eachyear400billionkilogramsofdissolvedsolidsentertheoceansfromrivers.3. Chemicalreactionsbetweenseawaterandnewlyformedseafloorrocks.


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April24,2018

Apr181:49PM

SalinityofoceanwaterSalinityisthemeasureoftheamountof

dissolvedsaltsandothersolidsinagivenliquid.Salinityismeasuredbythenumberofgramsofdissolvedsolidsper1,000gofoceanwater.

Ex:1000gofoceanwatercontained35gofsolids,thesalinitywouldbe35partssaltper1,000partsofoceanwater:or35%0.(35partsperthousand=salinity.3.5%salty)

Freshwaterislessthan0.1%saltorhasasalinityof1%0.


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Apr181:57PM

Precipitation(rain/snow) Evaporation(leavesremainingsaltsbehind)

Factorsthatchangesalinity

Iftherateifevaporationisgreaterthantherateofprecipitation;salinityofthesurfacewaterincreases.

Equatorialregions(morerainfallb/chighestprecipitation)salinitylevelsarelower.


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April24,2018

Apr182:00PM

TemperatureofOceanWater

Variesdependingondepthandlocationonthesurfaceoftheoceans.

Affectedbytheamountofsolarenergyandthemovementofthewaterintheocean.o Tropicssurfacetempscanreach30Co Polarsurfacetempsdropto1.9C

Alsosurfacetemperaturedecreasesaslatitudeincreases.


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April24,2018

Apr163:40PM

ThermoclineThesuncannotwarmwaterbelowthesurfacelayer(approx.200300feet)thetemperatureofthewaterdecreasessharplyasdepthincreases.Thislayeristhethermocline.Warmwaterislessdensethancoldwaterandthethermoclinemarkstheareabetweenthewarmsurfacewaterandthecolddeepwater.


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April24,2018

Apr182:16PM

DeepwaterInthedeepzones,thetemperatureisusuallyabout2C.Thecolderthewateristhedenseritis.Thiscolddeepwatercontrolstheslowmovementofdeepoceancurrents.Thecolddeepwaterholdsmoredissolvedgasesthanthewarm,shallowoceanwaterdoes.


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April24,2018

Apr182:18PM

DensityofOceanWaterThemassofasubstanceperunitofvolumeisthatsubstancesDENSITY.Purewateris1g/cm3Saltwaterisdenserthanpurewater.(between1.026g/cm3and1.028g/cm3)Twofactorsaffectthedensityofoceanwater.

Salinitydissolvedsolidsaddmass Temperatureoceanwaterbecomedenserasitgetscolder.(Temperaturehasagreaterimpactondensity)


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April24,2018

Apr182:21PM

ColorofOceanWaterThecolorofoceanwaterisdeterminedbythewayitabsorbsorreflectssunlight.Waterabsorbsmostofthewavelengthsofwhitelight(allthecolorsofROYGBIV).Onlythebluewavelengthtendstobereflected.

Whyisoceanwatercolorimportant?Organisms,likephytoplankton,canaffectthecolorofoceanwater.Phytoplanktonabsorbredandbluelightbutreflectgreen.Therefore,thepresenceoramountofphytoplanktoncanaffecttheshadeofblueoftheoceanswater.


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April24,2018

Sep27:40PM

Presenceorabsenceofphytoplanktoncandeterminethehealthoftheocean.Alackofphytoplanktonmaybebecauseofpollution.

Attachments

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Apr 173:34 PM - mrlongvb.weebly.com · Salinity is the measure of the amount of dissolved salts and other solids in a given liquid. ... (leaves remaining salts behind)