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OPINION POLL
3
To measure the population’s knowledge regarding the Pantanal, WWF contracted a national and
a regional poll with the Ibope polling organisation to provide supporting information for the
NGO’s initiatives and those of its partners.
In June 2013, IBOPE conducted 2002 one-to-one interviews all over Brazil to investigate how
much Brazilians know about the Pantanal.
In September, 504 interviews were conducted with people living in municipalities in the Upper
Paraguay river region.
The presentation that follows is a synthesis of the main results obtained.
Objective, methodology and sample
5
Sample Profile
48 52
Masculino FemininoFemale
Sex Age group Schooling
Class Family Income (Official Minimum Salaries)
19
23
20
17
21
16 a 24
25 a 34
35 a 44
45 a 54
55 e mais
Female Female Female 16 to 24
25 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 and over
28
21
35
15
Até 4ª Série do
Fund.
5ª a 8ª Série
do Fund.
Ens. Médio
Superior
9
36
31
12
12
Mais de 5
Mais de 2 a 5
Mais de 1 a 2
Até 1
Não Respondeu
A/B
D/E
C
24%
59%
17%
Base: National Sample (2,002)
%
Male
Years 1 to 4 (Primary)
Years 5 to 8 (Lower 2ndary)
Higher Secondary
Higher Education
Over 5
Over 2 up to 5
Over 1 up to 2
1 or less
No answer
6
Sample Profile
Base: National Sample (2,002)
Size of the Municipality (nº of inhabitants)
Municipal Category Region
15
25
44
15
Norte/ Centro-Oeste
Nordeste
Sudeste
Sul
27
23
50
Capital
Periferia
Interior
50 50
RM
Demais Cidades
Metropolitan Region
12
31
57
Até 20 Mil
Mais de 20 a 100 Mil
Mais de 100 Mil
%
North/Centre-west
Northeast
Southeast
South
Up to 20 thousand
Over 20 up to 100 thousand
Over 100 thousand
MR
Other Cities
Periphery
7
Sample Profile
51
49
Masculino Feminino
Sex Age group
Schooling Family Income (MS)
22
22
20
16
21
16 a 24
25 a 34
35 a 44
45 a 54
55 e mais
35
17
34
14
Até 4ª Série do Fund.
5ª a 8ª Série do Fund.
Ens. Médio
Superior
7
20
29
13
31
Mais de 5
Mais de 2 a 5
Mais de 1 a 2
Até 1
Não Respondeu
Base: Regional Sample (504)
%
Years 1 to 4 (Primary)
Years 5 to 8 (Lower 2ndary)
Higher Secondary
Higher Education
Over 5
Over 2 up to 5
Over 1 up to 2
1 or less
No answer
16 to 24
25 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 and over
9
Conditions in the municipality: improvement in the quality of life perceived by more than half but harm to the environment as well
Qu. 02) Now I would like you to evaluate some aspects of your municipality. For each item that I read out I would like you to say whether it has improved, got worse or remained the same as it was 5 years ago. Let us begin with: (RU )
Base: Regional Sample (504)
55
39
16
14
11
9
15
51
51
63
35
43
28
30
20
1
2
4
5
6
A sua qualidade de vida aqui nacidade
A qualidade da água que chega atéa sua casa
A condição do meio ambiente local
A condição dos rios, nascentes ecórregos da região
A disponibilidade de peixes nos riosda região
Melhorou Piorou Está igual Não sabe dizer
%
20 20 20
T The quality of life in your municipality
The quality of the water supplied to your home
The conditions of the local environment
The conditions of the rivers and springs in the region
The availability of fish in the region’s rivers
imoroved worsened The same No answer
10
Visiting the Pantanal: most have never been there
Qu. 06) And how often do you visit the Pantanal, on average? (Single Answer)
Base: Regional Sample (504)
Pelo menos 1 vez por semana
2% Pelo menos 1 vez por mês
3%
Pelo menos 1 vez a cada
3 meses 4%
Pelo menos 1 vez a cada
6 meses 6% Pelo menos
1 vez por ano 8%
Menos frequentemente
13%
Visitou apenas uma vez
7%
Nunca visitou 57%
Não sabe dizer
1%
Never visited
At least once a week
At least once a month
At least once every 3 months
At least once every 6 momths
Visited just once
Less frequently
At least once a year No answer
11
Most people have never visited the Pantanal
Have you ever visited the Pantanal?
Have visited
Have never visited
Cannot remember
Base: Sample (2,002)
Qu. 2. Have you ever visited the Pantanal? (SINGLE ANSWER )
12
Northeast North
Centre- west
Southeast
South
Cannot say
Qu. 3. (Card with a Map) In which region of Brazil is the Pantanal located? (SINGLE ANSWER )
Although 90% have heard about the Pantanal, 2 out of 3 people cannot
identify the region where the Biome is located
13
High level of knowledge of the Pantanal: 93% of interviewees have heard of it
Which of these Brazilian natural landscapes do you know or have you heard of?
Qu. 1 Which of these Brazilian natural landscapes do you know or have you heard of? (STIMULATED – READ ITEMS IN TURN – SINGLE ANSWER PER ITEM)
Know Do not know
Atlantic Forest
Amazon
Pampas
Sample
14
And only half the population is familiar with the scenery that typifies the Pantanal landscape
It is a vast wetland area composed by highland Cerrado savannah plateaus and lowland floodplains
It is a tropical forest typified by dense jungle and huge trees
It is a dry region with little vegetation or green area
Cannot say
From what you have heard, which of the following phrases best describes the Pantanal scenery?
Sample
Qu. 4. (Card with options) From what you have heard, which of the following phrases best describes the Pantanal scenery? (READ OUT ITEMS 1 TO 3 TO THE INTERVIEWEE -SINGLE ANSWER PER ITEM)
16
As in the national poll, almost 40% of those interviewed did not know that the Pantanal is an area at risk of degradation
Qu.10)Q In your opinion, is the Pantanal an area at risk of degradation? (SPONTANEOUS)–SA)
61 21
18
Base: Amostra Nacional (2002) / Regional (504)
66
18
15
É uma área em risco
Não é uma área em risco
Não sabe dizer
It is an area at risk
It is not an area at risk
Cannot say
17
Even so, in stimulated responses, deforestation is the most mentioned threat to the Pantanal
Qu. 11) From what you have heard, what are the main threats to the Pantanal today? (STIMULATED - SINGLE ANSWER PER ITEM)
Base: Amostra Nacional (2002) / Regional (504)
66
27
21
32
18
27
16
12
4
1
9
73
53
50
36
34
30
23
17
9
1
5
Deforestation in the region
Degradation of the vegetation around springs and along the banks of rivers
Accumulations of silt and residues in the rivers making them shallower
Water pollution from raw sewage discharge
Increase in cities and urban populations in the region
Hunting
Unbridled Tourism
Construction of hydroelectric plants
Degradation of the Brazilian Cerrado savannahs
None of the above
Cannot say
%
18
Knowledge concerning the region’s rivers is diffuse
Qu. 12) Where do the rivers that cut across the Pantanal rise? (STIMULATED - MA)
Base: National (2002) / Regional (504) samples
In the Brazilian Cerrado savannahs
region
In the Pantanal floodplain
In Brazil’s neighbouring
countries – Bolivia Paraguay
Cannot say
20%
18%
32%
37% 37%
39%
36%
27%
National Regional
19
In regard to preservation, protecting the springs is the most mentioned measure among regional residents
Qu. 14) In your opinion, what are the most important measures for the preservation of the Pantnal? (STIMULATED –Multiple)
54
44
29
39
18
8
81
50
43
38
18
6
Preservação das suas nascentes
Políticas públicas de proteção do Pantanal, (ex. umalei específica de proteção)
Turismo ecológico
Criação de áreas protegidas (ex. parques e reservas)
Práticas agropecuárias sustentáveis (ex. redução deuso de agrotóxicos, combate a erosão do solo, etc.)
Não sabe dizer
Nacional
Regional
Base: Amostra Nacional (2002) / Regional (504)
%
Preservation of its springs
Public protection policies specifically for the
Pantanal (e.g. a specific protection law)
Ecological tourism
Creating protected areas (e.g. Parks and
Nature Reserves)
Sustainable agricultural and livestock production practices(e.g. reduction of pesticide
use, combating soil erosion, etc.)
Cannot say
20
Perceptions of responsibility for the protection of the headwaters are mixed
Qu. 17) In your opinion, who is responsible for protecting the springs and headwaters of the Pantanal? (Stimulated Response - Multiple options)
Base: Regional Sample (504)
46
46
37
18
9
8
6
Cada cidadão
O governo
De todos
Empresas de saneamento
Comitês de bacia
ONGs - Organizações nãogovernamentais
Não sabe opinar (Esp.)
%
Each citizen
The government
Everyone
Sanitation Companies
Basin Committees
Non-governmental Organisations
Cannot Say
21
The idea of the Pact is gaining force among regional inhabitants
Q8) Tendo em vista esse objetivo, como você avalia a importância de um “Pacto em defesa das cabeceiras do Pantanal”? Você diria que: (RU)
Base: Regional Sample (504)
“The Pact in Defence of the Pantanal Headwaters is designed to construct an alliance among all
sectors to guarantee water in sufficient quantity and of sufficient quality to permit the sustainable development of the region.”
64
29
Very important
Important
Indifferent
2
1
1
Not very important
Not important
No opinion 3%
93%
In regard to this objective, how important do you think the “Pact in Defence of the Pantana Headwaters” is? (Single Answer)
22
Few people know about the Mato Grosso State Policy on Water Resources
Qu. 20) Have you ever heard of the Mato Grosso State Policy on Water Resources? Qu. 21) Do you know of any action set out in the Mato Grosso State Water Resources Plan that has been implemented?
Base: Regional Sample (504) Base: Those answering yes (Regional) (63)
13 88 Sim
NãoNo
33 67 Sim
Não
Have you ever heard of the Mato Grosso
State Policy on Water Resources?
Do you know of any action that it has
carried out?
%
Yes Yes
No
23
Yes 18% No 82%
Or about the River Basin Committee
Qu. 22) Have you ever heard of the River Basin Committee?
Base: Regional Sample (504)
Have you ever heard of the River Basin Committee?
24
The population agrees that the best way to protect the Pantanal is by joining forces but regional residents consider that their responsibility is greater
Qu. 25. I have some statements here and I would like you to say to what extent you agree or disagree with them. The first statement is … (Single Answer for each line) Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
82
92
76
90
77
89
60
79
11
6
14
6
13
8
23
11
4
8
8
1
15
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
3
7
Nacional
Regional
Nacional
Regional
Nacional
Regional
Nacional
Regional
Concorda totalmente/ parcialmente
Não concorda nem discorda
Discorda totalmente/ parcialmente
Não sabe dizerBase: National Sample (2,002) / Regional (504)
The best way of preserving the Pantanal is by uniting the efforts of government, corporations
and civil society
Preservation of the Pantanal is everyone’s responsibility but most of all the responsibility of
those that live in the region
Brazilian society as a whole is responsible for the preservation of the Pantanal
There are other environmental issues more important than
the Pantanal such as the preservation of the Amazon,
%
Continued.
It is interesting to note that while the regional population considers itself to bear greater responsibility for Pantanal preservation , at the same time it considers the Pantanal to be less important than other Biomes
Totally/partially agree Neither agree nor disagree Totally/partially disagree Cannot say
26
Final Remarks
The analysis of the national poll results shows that the environmental issue is much closer for the
population to the population.
It is also interesting to note that the population does not make a direct connection between
improved quality of life and the preservation of the environment: most of the regional population
declared that their quality of life had improved (reflecting the social improvements achieved by
Brazil as a whole) but the majority also recognised that over the period in question the environment
had been jeopardised especially the conditions of rivers and springs
27
Final Remarks
The national poll showed that 66% of the people did not know which region the Pantanal is located
in and even when the answers were stimulated only half the population was able to describe the
Pantanal landscape.
Another interesting aspect is that the inhabitants of the Upper Paraguay river basin region do not
recognise it as being part of the Pantanal and that could give rise to problems in the aspect of taking
responsibility for its preservation.
Even so, in a similar way to the national population, regional inhabitants are capable of relating the
contributions of the landscape to the environment and to the life of communities.
28
Final Remarks
As expected, the local population’s knowledge of the Pantanal was greater even though most of them
had never visited it.
In the National poll, it was found that in spite of the lack of in-depth knowledge, when stimulated,
people are capable of identifying threats to the Pantanal and ways in which it can be preserved. It can
be seen, however, that such identifications are restricted to more general environmental aspects such
as deforestation and the question of the waters.
In the regional questions we detected a more coherent and forceful knowledge related to water
resource issues.
The threat that appears most forcefully is the question of deforestation and cross-referencing that with
the possible solutions we found that it was an issue strongly correlated to the preservation of the
headwaters.
29
Final Remarks
On the question of willingness to support Pantanal preservation activities, over 86% of the population
declared itself to be sympathetic to the cause. The most popular form of collaboration was that of
disseminating and publicising information.
It must be stressed that the effective degree of willingness to provide support is always less than that
declared in this kind of poll. Nevertheless, the sympathy expressed with the idea of diffusing
information could open up opportunities for making good use of the social media to publicise the
cause.
30
Final Remarks
In regard to responsibility for landscape preservation, it is interesting to note that the majority of the
population believes that the best form of preservation can be achieved through the joint efforts of
government, corporations and society at large. Those results are in keeping with those obtained by
the national poll. Some points, however, catch our attention:
The regional population shows a high level of agreement with the statement that inhabitants of the
Pantanal region itself have greater responsibility for this issue. At the same time, however, it
considers that there are other more important environmental issues in Brazil such as the Amazon.
31
Final Remarks
Those points indicate that there is a possible problem of sub-estimation of the Biome’s importance.
Even so, the validation of the national and regional poll data shows that the principle of a Pact for
the Defence of the Pantanal Headwaters is firmly adhered to by the local population, insofar as the
need to preserve the headwaters is a strong issue in the region.
We would therefore like to point out some of the lessons learned from the poll that could be useful
to the campaign.
Willingness and sensitivity to the issue are not lacking.
32
Final Remarks
There is still room for more information
Although the Pantanal is by no means unknown to the population, there is still a need for more specific information on the region, its importance and the threats it faces. Knowledge is fundamental. The more widely the cause is made known, the greater support there will be for it and recognition of the need for preservation. When most of the population considers that there are other more important environmental issues in Brazil such as the Amazon, for example, then it is expressing its greater familiarity with those other causes and indicating that the Pantanal is lagging behind other environmental issues in the country in the aspect of the population’s information and awareness regarding it. In regard to the local populations, there still room for further awareness raising in regard to the biome’s importance given that local residents seem to underestimate it.
33
Final Remarks
There is support for preservation
The population has already been made aware of the relevance of environmental causes and it is in favour of preservation and willing to support actions to that end. In that regard, there is an outstanding need to reduce the distance separating theory from practice by presenting clear simple ways in which people can effectively help the causes. Advantage must be taken of the population’s sense of responsibility; spurring it to action by means of the social media and other online instruments could be a good alternative. That sense of responsibility is even higher among members of the local population: 90% agree that the greatest responsibility lies with the regional population. The problem is that they do not recognise themselves as belonging to the Pantanal region.. It is necessary to enable people to perceive that they are part of the Pantanal and important agents of its preservation.
34
Final Remarks
Joining forces is the key idea
The population is convinced that joining forces is the best way to address the preservation of the
Pantanal.
That being so, the communication effort associated to the Headwaters Pact should focus on that aspect
as the way of translating the principles underlying the Pact to the population as a whole.
Putting aside technicism and working with the idea of union and joint efforts could be an important tool
for activating civil society and achieving a greater and more effective impact on corporations and
governments.
35
Technical Specifications
Field work dates
June 13 to 16, 2013
Sampling method The sampling model employed is one of conglomerates in thre stages modelo de amostragem utilizado é o de conglomerados em 3 estágios.
No primeiro estágio os municípios são selecionados probabilisticamente através do método PPT (Probabilidade Proporcional ao Tamanho), com base na população de 16 anos ou mais de cada município.
No segundo estágio são selecionados os conglomerados: setores censitários, com PPT (Probabilidade Proporcional ao Tamanho) sistemático. A medida de tamanho é a população de 16 anos ou mais residente nos setores.
Finalmente, no terceiro estágio é selecionado em cada conglomerado um número fixo de eleitores segundo cotas de variáveis descritas abaixo.
Margin of error
2,2 pontos percentuais , com intervalo de confiança de 95%.
% of data verified •Pelo menos 20% do material dos entrevistadores foi criticado e verificado.
•100% dos questionários foram submetidos a um teste eletrônico de consistência para verificação de coerência das respostas.
Copies of data gathering instruments
Questionários foram enviados para aprovação por parte do cliente antes do início dos trabalhos de campo e fazem parte do relatório/apresentação de pesquisa.
From June 13 to 16, 2013 A 3-stage cluster sampling technique was used. In the first stage the municipalities are selected using the Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) method based on the population figures for each municipality for the age group 16 plus. In the second stage the clusters are selected: census sectors using systematic PPS. Size is measured by the 16 and over age group Residing in the respective sectors. Finally in the third stage a fixed number of registered voters is selected from each cluster according to the variable values set out below 2.2 percentage points with a confidence interval of 95%. •At least 20% of the material gathered by interviewers was criticised and verified. •100% of the questionnaires were submitted to an electronic consistency test to verify coherence in the responses. Questionnaires were submitted to the client for approval before field work began and they are part of the poll report/presentation.
