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PRESENT PERFECT
Present Perfect - AFFIRMATIVE Sujeito + have (has) + verbo no particípio
I have worked
You have worked
He
She has worked
It
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked
Present Perfect - NEGATIVE Sujeito + have not (has not) + particípio
I have not worked
You have not worked
He
She has not worked
It
We have not worked
They have not worked
Present Perfect - INTERROGATIVE Have + sujeito + particípio Has
Have I worked ?
Have you worked ?
he
Has she worked ?
it
Have we worked ?
Have you worked ?
Have they worked ?
Study this example situation:
Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.
He has lost his key.
= he lost it and still doesn’t have it.
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
There is a connection with now .
The action in the past has a result now.
He told me his name, but I’ve forgotten it.
= ( I can’t remember it now)
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
A past action with no time mentioned.
“Is Helen home?” “No, she has gone out”.
= (She is out now.We don’t know when she left.)
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
When the action happened a short time ago (just)
“Are you hungry?”
“No, I’ve just had lunch”.
(= acabar de fazer algo)
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
To say that something happened sooner than we expected ( already)
“Don’t forget to mail the letter.”
“I’ve already mailed it”.
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
To show that the speaker is expecting something to happen. ( yet = until now)
Yet is used only in questions and negative sentences
“I wrote the letter,but I haven’t mailed it yet.”
“Have you finished your test yet?”
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
To ask about an action that happened once in your life. We normally use ever in questions
Have you ever been to Canada?
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
We can use ever in affirmative sentences after a superlative:
He is the best dancer I have ever seen.
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
To talk about a period of time that continues from past until now (recently / in the last few days / lately)
Have you heard from Brian recently?
I’ve met a lot of people in the last few days.
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
We want to mention a situation which started in the
past and continued until a later time (for / since)
She has lived here since 2010.
She has lived here for three years.
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
with today / this morning / this evening....
when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking.
I’ve drunk five cups of coffee today.
Have you had a vacation this year?
WE DO NOT USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:
We use the Simple Past with last night /
two years ago/ yesterday....
It snowed last night.
I started my new job two weeks ago.
Jane didn’t go out yesterday.
PRESENT PERFECT X SIMPLE PAST:
Simple Past finished time
Present Perfect unfinished time
Sue went to Orlando three years ago.
Sue has gone to Orlando several times.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
To emphasize that something has been in progress throughout a period.
Instead of saying : I’ve typed all day.
We can say : I’ve been typing all day.
WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
(= You’re still studying English)
With how long , for and since . The activity is still happening or has just stopped.
How long have you been studying English ?
Tom is still watching TV. He has been watching TV all day.
