April 14, 1865 April 14, 1865 – Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play at Ford’s Theater Murdered by John Wilkes Booth because thought would save the ConfederacyVP Andrew Johnson became the new President

ReconstructionReconstruction – rebuilding the South and bringing Southern states back to the Union

Thirteenth Amendment Thirteenth Amendment – Abolished slavery

The Freedmen’s BureauThe Freedmen’s Bureau:Provided food and medical care in the SouthBuilt schools for freedmen

Forth Acres and a MuleForth Acres and a Mule:Thaddeus Stevens asked Congress to break apart the South’s large plantations and give every freed slave “40 acres and a mule”Congress did not support his plan was in violation of Constitution

The Black Codes:The Black Codes:Used to control former slavesServed 33 purposes:

Spelled out the rights of the freedmen (could marry, own property, work for wages, sue in court)Help planters find workers to replace slavesKeep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the South (segregation)

1. Where was Lincoln assassinated?2. Who assassinated Lincoln? Why?3. Who replaced Lincoln’s presidency?4. What was Reconstruction?5. What is the Thirteenth Amendment?6. How did the Freedmen’s Bureau help

former slaves?7. What did Thaddeus Stevens want to

give every freed slave as payment for unpaid labor?

8. What were the three purposes served by the Black Codes?

Civil Rights Act of 1866 Civil Rights Act of 1866 – declared freedmen to be full citizens with the same rights as whitesJohnson vetoed the bill as unconstitutional

The Fourteenth Amendment:The Fourteenth Amendment:Declared former slaves to be citizens with full civil rightsJohnson opposed amendment, but Republicans controlled Congress and voted it in

Military Reconstruction Act:Military Reconstruction Act:Divided South into 5 military districts governed by a general and backed by federal troopsNew state governments set up under Johnson considered illegalNew governments formed by loyal southerners to the Union

Command of the Army Act Command of the Army Act – limited Johnson’s power over the Army

Tenure of Office Act Tenure of Office Act – stopped Johnson from firing without Senate consentJohnson disapproved felt what they were doing was unconstitutionalTo prove point fired one of the officials protected under the Tenure of Office Act

Impeachment of Johnson:Impeachment of Johnson:Only crime was opposing Congress2/3’s Senate has to find president guilty to remove him from officeJohnson escaped removal by one vote

Sharecropping:Sharecropping:Former slaves wanted land Former owners needed workersPlanters divided land and rented to tenant farmersTenants paid rent by sharing 1/3 or ½ of their crops raised on the plots

Few tenants ever earned enough to pay back what they owed Sharecropping led to a lifetime of poverty and debt instead of independence

1. What bill was designed by Congress declaring that freedmen were to be full citizens with the same rights as whites?

2. What amendment was created from the act above?

3. What part of Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was declared illegal?

4. What did Johnson do to prove his point that what Congress was being unconstitutional?

5. The House of Representatives did what in response to Johnson after he challenged them?

6. How much of the Senate is needed in order to find a president guilty in order to remove him from office?

7. What is sharecropping?8. What was the result for freedmen who

participated in sharecropping?

The South’s New Voters:The South’s New Voters:Freemen, White Southerners who opposed the war and People from the North who moved to the south after the war

The 1868 Election:The 1868 Election:Because African Americans voted, Ulysses S. Grant became president Republicans knew to stay in the White House they need African Americans

The 15The 15thth Amendment Amendment: : Gave every MAN a right to vote

New State ConstitutionsNew State Constitutions::Set up new laws in the states: right to vote, no prison for debt and public schools for all

New State Government:New State Government:State offices were ran mostly by republicans; some where African Americans

African Americans in Office:African Americans in Office:1/5 of leaders where African Americans

Southerners were mad about the new laws and the raising of taxesThey were really mad because formers slaves were now setting rules for them to follow

White Terrorism:White Terrorism:Ku Klux Klan was established to stop African Americans from gaining powerThey would threaten, beat , and even kill African Americans

The Enforcement Acts:The Enforcement Acts:Congress passed 3 laws to prevent people from stopping others to vote

The Amnesty Act of 1872:The Amnesty Act of 1872:The South wanted Amnesty so they could move on with their livesForgiveness of Past offenses

The Disputed Election of 1876:The Disputed Election of 1876:There was a controversy in the election because the South wanted the Democrats to win and the Republicans won by a stipulation

The Compromise of 1877:The Compromise of 1877:Hayes stayed president and the South got to get control of their own landThe south again took all of the control for white individuals

1. What 3 groups were allowed to vote in the South?2. Which group of people was considered to be

scalawags? Why?3. Which group of people was considered to be

carpetbaggers? Why?4. What were the 2 candidates in the Election of 1868?

Who won?5. What was the Fifteenth Amendment?6. After voting, what was the next plan for

Reconstruction in the South?7. What did governments do to rebuild the South?8. How many of the new South’s officeholders were

African American?9. What was the most infamous secret society that

wanted to drive African Americans out of politics?10.Congress passed what act to combat terrorism

against African Americans?11.What act helped Democrats regain control of most of

the South?12.What was the Compromise of 1877?

Losing Ground in Education:Losing Ground in Education:The South pulled funding from schools and they began to closeAfrican Americans had no more free education

Losing Voting Rights:Losing Voting Rights:South made laws that said that you must pay a tax to vote and take a literacy testThis kept many African Americans from voting

Drawing a “Color Line”:Drawing a “Color Line”:The South also separated whites and blacks in many things in life (Jim Crow Laws)

Plessy v. Ferguson:Plessy v. Ferguson:The court case was to stop the Jim Crow LawsSupreme Court said they were fineMany new Laws were created to separate whites and blacks

African Americans spoke out against the new laws and they were lynched and killed

Migration:Migration:Moved to three areas: 1. North 2. The West 3. Liberia (African nation founded by free slaves)

Self- Help:Self- Help:Those African Americans that stayed began to create businesses and schools and learned how to read and better their lives

1. How many African American children attended school in the South?

2. In the South, what 2 things did African American citizens have to do in order to vote?

3. What were the Jim Crow laws?4. In the Plessy v. Ferguson case found

that segregation laws did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment, why?

5. What did thousands of African Americans do in response to segregation in the South?

6. What increased from 2,000 to 25,000 in the South between 1865 and 1903?