APRIL 2016 | VOLUME 6 - ISSUE 1Therefore, in order to conserve these species, it is important to know of their biology, ecology and distribution. Polychaetes are ubiquitous in their

(continued page 2)

• Lionfish on the Menu - a new taste in town

• The Secret Lives of Polychaete Worms

• IMA Events and Activities

• The Blue Corner - Seahorses

1-3

4-5

6-7

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APRIL 2016 | VOLUME 6 - ISSUE 1

Lionfish on the Menu – a new taste in town

Ever wondered what Lionfish tastes like? The trending culinary buzz about this new fish in the region is that it has a white, flaky delicious meat similar to snapper – a quality preferred by high-end chefs from the Caribbean to Latin America. The exciting news is that the Lionfish market might now be on the cusp of entering the seafood mainstream appearing on menus as a sustainable option alongside salmon, shrimp, and the occasional mahi mahi.

Lionfish Dragon Sushi Roll, from Aruba Fried Lionfish with Breadfruit and Paratha roti, from Tobago

Grilled Lionfish with Sweet Chilli Sauce, from Bonaire Photo: Sarah Sekula http://www.tourismbonaire.com

Photo: http://lionfish.co Photo: Glendon Glasgow

PAGE 2

The groundswell of consuming Lionfish has followed its rapid spread throughout the coral reefs of the Caribbean, where they prey on and compete with other species, decimating native reef fish populations and negatively impacting coral reef ecosystems. Lionfish pose a direct threat to local fishing and tourism sectors. While eradication of Lionfish may not be possible, resource managers have found that derbies and organized diver removals are proving highly effective at controlling local Lionfish populations.

Derbies are competitions in which teams of SCUBA and free-divers hunt the fish using pole spears, a type of modified spear gun. They begin at sunrise and are required to bring their catch to the weigh station by a specified time on each day where the fish are measured. Prizes are awarded for teams catching the Most, Largest, and Smallest Lionfish. Of course, bragging rights go along with the prizes! As many as 1,000 or more of these fish can be removed in single or two-day events, which also serve to train people to remove Lionfish, encourage development of markets and through its ‘tastings’, help to change attitudes toward eating the spiky predator. Additionally, regular culling exercises on a local scale have been shown to keep Lionfish numbers down. In Curacao, these weekly activities from September 2012 to January 2016 have removed 39,669 Lionfish, that’s more than 200 fish a week!

With all that Lionfish available and more waiting to be hunted, new industries have evolved to take advantage of the bounty. Lionfish hunting equipment, dive packages to hunt and eat the catch, and new additions to menus have been added. For the health conscious, the fish has higher concentrations of omega-3 (heart healthy fatty acids), and is lower in saturated fats and heavy metals such as mercury, than grouper, snapper, tuna or mahi mahi. They are being marketed as a sustainable eco-friendly food option with the added appeal that eating Lionfish is beneficial to reefs and marine ecosystems. Besides its pleasant taste and texture there is no risk of the residual antibiotics, hormones or dyes associated with farmed fish. At present, sixteen countries in the Caribbean and five in Latin America are serving up Lionfish in tacos, sushi, ceviche, and creating their own signature dishes. The fish is being exported from Jamaica and the Bahamas and is served as a gourmet item in Florida and New York.

In 2012, Trinidad and Tobago officially became the last Caribbean country to be invaded by the Lionfish. At derbies held in Charlotteville and Castara, organized by the Institute of Marine Affairs (IMA) during 2014 and 2015, participants feasted on grilled, curried, coconut stewed, and herb-basted Lionfish, proving that the versatile meat can be adapted to our local dishes. For seafood safety standards, the IMA sent Lionfish samples to be tested for ciguatera toxin – that nasty seafood-borne illness caused by certain types of plankton – all the samples tested met United States Food and Drug Administration standard for safe human consumption.

Trinidad and Tobago is now poised to join the culinary foray into this exotic fish with a buttery taste. As foodies, we have readily embraced gourmet pizzas, wine bars, vegan foods, and sushi. Asking for Lionfish would encourage local chefs to put this sustainable seafood option on their menus. It is now time to invite Lionfish on to our plates.

Lionfish on the Menu - a new taste in town (con’t.)

Lori Lee Lum, Community Education Officer,Information Centre

Coconut-crusted Lionfish fillet with Mango Salsa, from Jamaica Lionfish Cerviche, from Cayman IslandsPhoto: http://jamaica-gleaner.com Photo: Chris Court http://www.flavacayman.com

PAGE 3

The Lionfish Cookbook, Second Edition available from www.reef.org

Caribbean islands and number of restaurantsserving Lionfish dishes, when available

Coconut-crusted Lionfish fillet with Mango salsaby Chef Jacqui Tyson, Jamaica (http://jamaica-gleaner.com)

1 cup peeled and chopped firm ripe mango (Julie or Bombay)1 small onion diced finely1/2 tsp minced Scotch bonnet (no seeds please)1 tsp fresh grated ginger2 tbs fresh cilantro1/4 tsp salt and pepper1/2 cup milk or 1/4 cup heavy cooking cream1 cup sweetened coconut flakes1/2 cup panko breadcrumbs4 tbs flour2 eggs8 Lionfish fillets

Method1. In a stainless steel bowl, combine the first five ingredients, toss

and set aside. This can be done three hours in advance.2. In another bowl, combine coconut and panko breadcrumbs.3. Put flour on a large plate.4. In another bowl, beat eggs and add milk and set aside.5. Season fish fillets with salt and pepper then dredge fillet in flour.

Shake.6. Dip each floured fillet in egg-and-milk mix, then coat in coco-

nut.7. Heat oil in frying pan until pan sizzles.8. Place fillets in hot frying pan. Cook for two minutes per side

until golden brown.9. Remove on to a baking sheet. Place in oven and bake for 8

minutes.Serve with salsa over fish, garnish with a sprig of cilantro. BON APPETIT!

Parlatuvier, Tobago

634 4291-4ext 2507

Sat. 25th Sun. 26th June Sat. 25th & Sun. 26th June

Institute ofMarine Affairs

ALL SCUBA divers must present their certification to register.

TobagoConrado Hotel, Pigeon Point Thur. 23rd & Fri. 24th JuneParlatuvier Multi-purpose Facility Fri. 24th June10:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. | 4:00 p.m. - 6:00 p.m.

TrinidadInstitute of Marine AffairsTue. 21st June 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.

REGISTRATION (FREE)

SUSTAIN THE HUNT

Prizes & Giveaways

LIONFISHDERBY 2016

Anguilla, BWI 2

Antigua & Barbuda 1

Aruba 3

Bahamas 3

Barbados 7

Bonaire 8

Carriacou 2

Cayman Islands 10

Curacao 6

Dominica 4

Dominican Republic 1

Grenada 1

Jamaica 2

Puerto Rico 3

St. Kitts and Nevis 2

Tobago 2

Sources: www.reef.org and http://lionfish.co

PAGE 4

Beaches usually conjure up images of blue skies and white sands, happy children frolicking in the surf under the watchful gaze of their parents lounging on beach chairs and sipping on beverages. Or if you are from Trinidad, say the word “beach” and the next phrase usually out of your mouth is “Bake and shark!” But there is much more to the beach than your favourite beach food staple. Below the sand when you step into the surf is an entire world of mysterious, beautiful, sometimes scary organisms that are essential to the health of our nation’s beaches.

These elusive organisms are worms, polychaete worms to be exact. With some coaxing, polychaete worms can be convinced to give up their secrets, albeit begrudgingly. The members of the most dominant benthic marine fauna might even show you their striking colours of red, pink or green, which may be reminiscent of a frontline costume on Carnival Tuesday. Around 10,000 different species of polychaete worms have been described worldwide, the majority of them are less than 10 cm long and between 2 mm to 10 mm wide.

Vital to the marine food chainIf you’ve ever dug for worms at the beach to use as bait when fishing, chances are you have interacted with polychaetes. This lends to the economic importance of these organisms. Both the adult and larvae of the family Nereididae have been reported to be food for many economically important fishes; the same family of worms you may have stuck on the end of your hook in order to catch your own fish. Polychaetes are the main food supply for a number of commercial species of fish and their continued existence is essential for the maintenance of fishing grounds. Therefore, in order to conserve these species, it is important to know of their biology, ecology and distribution.

Polychaetes are ubiquitous in their distribution ranging from estuaries and inshore waters, like the Caroni Swamp, to the open sea, like the Atlantic Ocean, and even in hypersaline (salinity > 35ppt) waters. Their preference for sediment also varies from sandy to muddy beaches. Some of them enjoy playing in the clean water, while others are at home even when things get dirty. Polychaetes are capable of flourishing in a wide range of marine environments, but their value is much greater for environmental purposes.

The Secret Lives of Polychaete Worms

Dorvillea australiensis head and tail, head, ventral head with jaws

Photo: http://www.annelida.net/nz/Polychaeta/Family/Dorvilleidae/dorvillea-australiensis-Pic.htm

PAGE 5Useful Environmental Indicators

Polychaetes are very useful organisms for monitoring the quality of the marine environment. They are abundant, easily identifiable, easy to maintain and easy to sample. They respond quickly to changes in environmental conditions as their mobility is limited and their sensitivity to pollutants results in changes in their reproduction, growth and mortality. The ability to monitor different phases in the recovery of disturbed sites is possible because a different species of polychaetes appear after the cessation of the impact. Polychaetes are therefore helpful in bio-monitoring exercises as indicators for pollutants and other toxic materials usually associated with man-made changes, and are used for this purpose in the USA, UK, Canada, Germany and right here in Trinidad and Tobago.

The presence and absence of specific polychaetes in sediments provide an indicator of the condition and health of the benthic environment as they are the dominant macro-fauna within the fine sediments. The families Nereididae and Dorvilleidae are suitable for the assessment of toxicity levels in marine sediments. Their abundance, short life cycles and existence across a wide range of areas lend to their suitability. They serve as good indicators for the presence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal organic complexes. All of these compounds can have environmental negative impacts depending on their concentrations in the environment. Large numbers of organisms from the families Capitellidae and Spionidae, found to the exclusion of others, have been accepted widely as pollution indicators. Species of Nereididae and Nephtyidae are accepted as indicators of early environmental recovery after pollution events have subsided.

So the next time you step into the water of your favourite beach, keep in mind that just below your feet is an entire universe of organisms capable of telling you much about the state of the marine environment. All you have to do is ask the right questions!

Attish Kanhai, Research OfficerBiodiversity and Ecology Research Programme

Spionid sp.

Glycera sp. Benthic sampling – pouring the collected sample from the Benthic corer into the Sieve bucket.

PAGE 6

IMA EVENTS, ACTIVITIES and OUTREACHOutreach in Tobago

Lionfish at the Zoo

GoLo CarSce workshop

Seven Secondary Schools were visited over the period 19th - 21st January 2016. Among them were Bishops High School, Scarborough Secondary, Goodwood Secondary, Speyside High School and Signal Hill Secondary Comprehensive School. Lori Lee Lum and Glendon Glasgow, Information Officers, spoke to 187 students from Forms 4 to 6 Environmental Science/Biology/Geography and Integrated Science classes. The topic ‘Invasive Species’ was presented in light of the Lionfish and Sargassum seaweed invasions that affected the island in the recent past.

The IMA hosted an exhibit at the Emperor Valley Zoo to raise awareness about the invasive Lionfish on Friday 1st April and Wednesday 6th April 2016. This is the second year that our Lionfish display has been brought to the Zoo. A live specimen was on show as patrons learned more about this marine pest. Feeding sessions allowed visitors to witness the voracious appetite of the Lionfish. Approximately 350 persons visited the display.

Mr. Hamish Asmath, GIS Officer, attended a workshop entitled the “Global Local Caribbean Socio-economic Climate Change Scenarios” (GoLo CarSce) workshop held at the University of the West Indies, St Augustine from 11th - 12th April 2016.

GoLo CarSce aims to help Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean better understand and manage the effects of climate change. The project will improve the scientific understanding of the effects of climate change upon the ecological, socio-political and economic systems of Caribbean SIDS through the development of a set of locally-relevant, socio-economic scenarios for the Caribbean.

St. Anthony’s College celebrates Earth Day

On Friday 4th March 2016, St. Anthony’s College hosted an Earth Day exhibition. A student summarized Earth Day as important because “it reminds people to think about humanity’s values, the threats the planet faces and ways to help protect the environment.” The IMA had a booth and shared information about marine conservation and the invasive Lionfish. Approximately 70 students and teachers visited the display.

Visitors learn about the invasive Lionfish

Pigeon Point, Tobago, a low-lying area vulnerable to climate change

Krystal Ganaselal, Information Officer, and a student discuss environmental threats.

Form 5 Geography and Biology students from Harmon School of Seventh Day Adventists learn about Invasive Species

PAGE 7

Career Fairs at Secondary Schools Cotton Tree Foundation

IMA participated in Career Fairs at Belmont Secondary School and Arima Central Government, on 12th April and 14th April 2016, respectively. Students of Forms 3 and 5 were engaged to learn about marine conservation and possible career paths in the field of marine sciences. An estimated 80 students visited the IMA’s booth.

Presentations on ‘Careers in Marine Sciences’ were delivered by G. Glasgow and K. Ganaselal.

A new initiative began in April with The Cotton Tree Foundation, St. Ann’s. The IMA was asked to participate in their After School Programme with students from Standards 1 to 3. Lori Lee Lum, Community Education Officer, will give monthly presentations until June on the topics: How Does the Sea Affect Me? How Do I Affect the Sea; Marine Pollution; and Coral Reefs. Students will learn about their link to the ocean, showcase its beauty, and also raise awareness of the threats to this vital resource. Approximately 20 students attended the April session.

St. Anthony’s College celebrates Earth Day IMA participates in CANARI’s Climate Change Workshop

Dr. Rahanna Juman, Deputy Director (Ag.) was invited to sit on a panel at CANARI’s Climate Workshop on Thursday 28th April 2016, to discuss climate-change adaptation: research and implementation action. Dr. Juman presented on the draft Integrated Coastal Zone Management Policy Framework which treats with climate change adaptation, and is informed by studies funded through the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Technical Cooperation.

The “Climate ACTT: Action by Civil society in Trinidad and Tobago to build resilience to climate change” project aims to strengthen the capacity of five civil society organisations (CSOs) in Trinidad and Tobago to internationally accepted levels of best practice in two areas: (i) institutional strengthening and (ii) technical capacity, to deliver programmes/projects related to climate change adaptation and resilience. CANARI is implementing and managing this project in collaboration with Conservation International (CI) and BHP Billiton Trinidad and Tobago.

Coral Reef survey, Tobago

Shared use of the coastal zone, San Fernando wharf

After School Programme class

PAGE 8

Lined Seahorse Hippocampus erectusPhoto: Jeff Whitlock www.theonlinezoo.com

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/sea-horse/

Seahorses

Hilltop Lane, Chaguaramas,Trinidad, West Indies

(868) 634 4291www.ima.gov.tt

A publication of:

@IMACHAGima.gov.tt

Seahorses are truly unique, and not just because of their unusual equine shape. Unlike most other fish, they are monogamous and mate for life. Rarer still, they are among the only animal species on Earth in which the male bears the unborn young.

Found in shallow tropical and temperate waters throughout the world, these upright-swimming relatives of the pipefish can range in size from 0.6 inches (1.5 centimetres) to 14 inches (35 centimetres) long. Male seahorses are equipped with a brood pouch on their ventral, or front-facing, side. When mating, the female deposits her eggs into his pouch, and the male fertilizes them internally. He carries the eggs in his pouch until they hatch, then releases fully formed, miniature seahorses into the water.

TIDAL CALENDAR 2016

Institute of Marine AffairsHilltop Lane, Chaguaramas

R.I.K. Services Ltd.(all branches)

UWI Bookshop UWI Campus, St. Augustine

Rainy Days Gift ShopEllerslie Plaza

Mohammed’s Book Store Associates Ltd. (all branches)

The NewsstandANR International Airport, Tobago

Tidal Calendar 2016

Although every care has been taken in the preparation of the information presented in this product, the Institute of Marine Affairs is not responsible for the consequences of any inaccuracies or omissions. Information concerning chart datum was obtained from the Hydrographic Surveying Unit, Lands and Surveys Division. Tidal predictions are prepared by the Institute of Marine Affairs and are copyrighted.

SUNDAY

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Tidal predictions presented are for Port of Spain Harbour. Port of Spain harbour position: Latitude 10037.8' N, Longitude

61033.9'W. Time meridian 600W. Height of tide is in metres. For time predictions at other locations, apply the adjustments provided

below. Meteorological conditions can affect tides, accordingly, predictions should be used with caution and graphs and figures should be used

for reference purposes only. Tide predictions are relative to Mean Sea Level (MSL), which is shown as zero (0.0) in the daily tidal graphs. At Port of Spain, Chart

Datum (the Lowest Astronomical Tide) is 0.73 metres below Mean Sea Level. (Hydrographic Survey Unit).

Accuracy of tide elevation = ± 0.11m (@99% C.I.). WEST COAST & GULF OF PARIA Chaguaramas -00:30 Point Lisas -00:09 Point Fortin +00:12

NORTH COAST Las Cuevas -01:00 SOUTH / EAST COAST Guayaguayare -00:45

TOBAGO Scarborough -00:30 Charlotteville -00:35 Plymouth -01:05

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DRY SEASON

Bearded Fireworm, Hermodice carunculata Found on reefs, rocky areas and seagrass beds, this colourful marine worm

puffs out its white bristles that contain a potent venom, when threatened. Photography by Jahson Alemu I

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS1 - New Year’s Day

January 2016

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WET SEASON

Point Gourde, Trinidad

A hillside view captures the Diego Islands and Point Gourde, featuring

Chaguaramas as an ideal yacht marina and waterfront.

Photography by Lori Lee Lum

November 2016

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MONDAY

05:49 hr 0.30m 11:24 hr -0.15m 17:10 hr 0.34m 23:56 hr -0.47m 06:37 hr 0.31m 12:18 hr -0.16m 18:02 hr 0.32m 00:44 hr -0.45m 07:23 hr 0.32m 13:12 hr -0.18m 18:57 hr 0.30m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

4

01:31 hr -0.42m 08:08 hr 0.34m 14:06 hr -0.21m 19:53 hr 0.29m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

6

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

7

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

9

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

10 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

8 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

5



03:54 hr -0.32m 10:19 hr 0.37m 16:45 hr -0.32m 22:48 hr 0.24m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

11

01:42 hr 0.24m 07:11 hr -0.18m 13:14 hr 0.39m 20:06 hr -0.46m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

13

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

14

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

16

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

17 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

15 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

12



04:23 hr 0.28m 09:50 hr -0.14m 15:39 hr 0.36m 22:31 hr -0.49m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

18

00:52 hr -0.43m 07:31 hr 0.34m 13:29 hr -0.20m 19:13 hr 0.28m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

20

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

21

-0.8

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0

0.4

0.8

23

-0.8

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0

0.4

0.8

24 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

22 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

19



03:12 hr -0.32m 09:41 hr 0.38m 16:09 hr -0.32m 22:09 hr 0.23m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

25

01:05 hr 0.23m 06:29 hr -0.17m 12:36 hr 0.41m 19:30 hr -0.47m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

27

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

28

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

30

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

31 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

29 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

26



06:10 hr 0.33m 11:56 hr -0.17m 17:37 hr 0.30m

03:47 hr 0.27m 09:08 hr -0.13m 14:58 hr 0.37m 21:53 hr -0.50m









7 14

21 29

FM

NM

FQ

LQ




0600hrs 1200hrs 1800hrs

WET SEASON

DRY SEASON

Ocean Surgeonfish, Speyside, Tobago A school of Ocean Surgeonfish, Acanthurus bahianus, herbivores of the coral

reef, often stop head down to pick at algae.

Photography by Jonathan Gomez

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS25 - Christmas Day; 26 - Boxing Day

December 2016

SUNDAY TUESDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

2 WEDNESDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

3 FRIDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

5 SATURDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

6

THURSDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

4

MONDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

1



02:49 hr 0.26m 08:08 hr -0.12m 13:57 hr 0.37m 20:53 hr -0.50m

00:13 hr 0.20m 05:21 hr -0.15m 11:31 hr 0.44m 18:34 hr -0.49m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

7

03:36 hr 0.29m 09:06 hr -0.13m 14:50 hr 0.34m 21:38 hr -0.48m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

9

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

10

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

12

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

13 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

11 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

8



05:49 hr 0.37m 11:58 hr -0.23m 17:39 hr 0.24m 23:52 hr -0.38m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

14

02:10 hr -0.25m 08:39 hr 0.45m 15:31 hr -0.40m 21:39 hr 0.17m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

16

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

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17

-0.8

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0

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19

-0.8

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0

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20 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

18 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

15



02:10 hr 0.26m 07:28 hr -0.12m 13:19 hr 0.38m 20:15 hr -0.50m

04:41 hr -0.15m 10:53 hr 0.45m 17:58 hr -0.49m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

21

02:58 hr 0.28m 08:26 hr -0.13m 14:11 hr 0.35m 21:00 hr -0.48m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

23

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

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24

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

26

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

27 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

25 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

22



05:10 hr 0.37m 11:19 hr -0.23m 16:59 hr 0.24m 23:13 hr -0.38m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

28

01:31 hr -0.26m 08:01 hr 0.46m 14:54 hr -0.40m 20:59 hr 0.17m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

29

02:18 hr -0.22m 08:45 hr 0.46m 15:44 hr -0.44m 21:58 hr 0.17m









15 22

1 8

FM

NM

FQ

LQ

DRY SEASON

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

Fishing pirogues at Orange Valley, Trinidad

The wholesale fish market and landing site at Orange Valley along the Gulf of

Paria, is a major centre for the sale of seafood, particularly shrimp.

Photography by Wendy Nelson

ENVIRONMENTAL DAYS2 - World Wetlands Day

February 2016

8 - Carnival Monday; 9 - Carnival Tuesday

SUNDAY TUESDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

1 WEDNESDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

2 FRIDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

4 SATURDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

5

THURSDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

3

MONDAY


01:31 hr 0.25m 06:47 hr -0.13m 12:41 hr 0.39m 19:38 hr -0.49m

04:00 hr -0.16m 10:15 hr 0.46m 17:20 hr -0.49m 23:50 hr 0.20m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

6

02:19 hr 0.28m 07:46 hr -0.14m 13:34 hr 0.35m 20:23 hr -0.48m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

8

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

9

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

11

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

12 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

10 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

7



04:32 hr 0.37m 10:40 hr -0.22m 16:20 hr 0.24m 22:36 hr -0.38m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

13

00:51 hr -0.26m 07:24 hr 0.46m 14:16 hr -0.40m 20:19 hr 0.16m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

15

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

16

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

18

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

19 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

17 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

14



03:20 hr -0.17m 09:38 hr 0.46m 16:43 hr -0.48m 23:10 hr 0.19m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

20

01:40 hr 0.27m 07:05 hr -0.14m 12:56 hr 0.36m 19:46 hr -0.47m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

22

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

23

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

25

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

26 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

24 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

21



06:02 hr 0.45m 12:46 hr -0.35m 18:40 hr 0.17m

03:54 hr 0.37m 10:01 hr -0.22m 15:42 hr 0.25m 21:57 hr -0.38m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

27

00:12 hr -0.27m 06:46 hr 0.46m 13:38 hr -0.39m 19:40 hr 0.16m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

29

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

30

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

31 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

28


03:35 hr -0.16m 09:48 hr 0.45m 16:53 hr -0.49m 23:21 hr 0.21m

02:41 hr -0.18m 09:01 hr 0.47m 16:06 hr -0.48m 22:29 hr 0.18m

Tidal predictions presented are for Port of Spain Harbour. Port of Spain harbour position: Latitude 10 0

37.8' N, Longitude 610 33.9'W. Time meridian 600W. Height of tide is in metres. For time predictions at other locations, apply the

adjustments provided below. Meteorological conditions can affect tides, accordingly, predictions should be used with caution and

graphs and figures should be used for reference purposes only. Tide predictions are relative to Mean Sea Level (MSL), which is shown as zero (0.0) in the daily tidal

graphs. At Port of Spain, Chart Datum (the Lowest Astronomical Tide) is 0.73 metres below Mean Sea

Level. (Hydrographic Survey Unit). Accuracy of tide elevation = ± 0.11m (@99% C.I.).

WEST COAST & GULF OF PARIA Chaguaramas -00:30 Point Lisas -00:09 Point Fortin +00:12



15 23

1 / 31 9

FM

NM

FQ

LQ




0600hrs 1200hrs 1800hrs

DRY SEASON

Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, Grande Riviere, Trinidad

It is estimated that only one in a thousand hatchlings survive to adulthood.

Surviving the odds, it is the deepest diving and most migratory of all turtles.


ENVIRONMENTAL DAYS22 - World Water Day

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

25 - Good Friday; 28 - Easter Monday; 30 - Spiritual/Shouter Baptist Liberation Day

March 2016

SUNDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

30

03:30 hr 0.29m 09:17 hr -0.21m 15:16 hr 0.34m 21:54 hr -0.42m

TUESDAY WEDNESDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

1

THURSDAY

MONDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

31

04:24 hr 0.29m 10:08 hr -0.19m 16:03 hr 0.34m 22:44 hr -0.44m

03:47 hr 0.32m 09:52 hr -0.26m 15:52 hr 0.31m 22:15 hr -0.37m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

2

04:41 hr 0.32m 10:41 hr -0.24m 16:39 hr 0.31m 23:06 hr -0.39m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

4

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

5

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

7

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

8 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

6 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

3



03:21 hr -0.40m 09:49 hr 0.30m 15:41 hr -0.23m 21:41 hr 0.33m

00:49 hr -0.41m 07:19 hr 0.30m 13:10 hr -0.21m 19:05 hr 0.33m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

9

04:11 hr -0.39m 10:36 hr 0.30m 16:32 hr -0.24m 22:35 hr 0.32m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

11

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

12

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

14

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

15 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

13 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

10



03:11 hr 0.31m 09:09 hr -0.24m 15:10 hr 0.32m 21:40 hr -0.39m

00:24 hr 0.32m 06:41 hr -0.32m 12:54 hr 0.31m 19:06 hr -0.31m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

16

04:06 hr 0.30m 09:59 hr -0.22m 15:57 hr 0.33m 22:30 hr -0.41m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

18

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

19

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

21

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

22 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

20 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

17



02:41 hr -0.41m 09:12 hr 0.31m 15:04 hr -0.21m 21:00 hr 0.32m

00:11 hr -0.43m 06:45 hr 0.30m 12:30 hr -0.19m 18:23 hr 0.33m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

23

03:30 hr -0.40m 09:59 hr 0.31m 15:56 hr -0.23m 21:54 hr 0.31m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

25

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

26

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

28

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

29 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

27 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

24



02:35 hr 0.29m 08:27 hr -0.23m 14:30 hr 0.34m 21:04 hr -0.40m

05:59 hr -0.32m 12:15 hr 0.32m 18:31 hr -0.32m









9 16

22 1 / 30

FM

NM

FQ

LQ




0600hrs 1200hrs 1800hrs

WET SEASON

PETIT CARÊME

West Indian Sea Egg, Tripneustes ventricosus, Kilgwyn, Tobago

The mouth of this omnivore is located on the underside as it grazes over the

coral and rocks for algae, barnacles and mussels.

Photography by Jahson Alemu I

October 2016


FRIDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

1 SATURDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

2

THURSDAY

MONDAY

04:30 hr -0.14m 10:37 hr 0.43m 17:38 hr -0.49m 00:12 hr 0.23m 05:27 hr -0.14m 11:27 hr 0.40m 18:23 hr -0.48m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

3

01:00 hr 0.26m 06:25 hr -0.15m 12:18 hr 0.37m 19:08 hr -0.47m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

5

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

6

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

8

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

9 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

7 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

4



05:24 hr 0.44m 12:07 hr -0.35m 18:00 hr 0.17m 23:35 hr -0.27m

03:14 hr 0.36m 09:21 hr -0.23m 15:04 hr 0.25m 21:19 hr -0.38m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

10

06:08 hr 0.46m 13:00 hr -0.39m 19:00 hr 0.16m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

12

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

13

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

15

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

16 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

14 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

11



04:48 hr -0.15m 10:50 hr 0.41m 17:46 hr -0.47m

02:02 hr -0.19m 08:24 hr 0.47m 15:27 hr -0.47m 21:49 hr 0.18m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

17

00:19 hr 0.25m 05:46 hr -0.16m 11:42 hr 0.37m 18:30 hr -0.46m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

19

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

20

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

22

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

23 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

21 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

18



04:47 hr 0.44m 11:27 hr -0.34m 17:21 hr 0.17m 22:57 hr -0.28m

02:35 hr 0.35m 08:41 hr -0.23m 14:26 hr 0.26m 20:43 hr -0.38m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

24

05:31 hr 0.46m 12:20 hr -0.38m 18:19 hr 0.16m 23:44 hr -0.25m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

26

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

27

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

29

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

30 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

28 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

25



01:24 hr -0.19m 07:48 hr 0.47m 14:50 hr -0.45m 21:07 hr 0.18m









14 22

30 7

FM

NM

FQ

LQ

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1800hrs

DRY SEASON

Water Lily garden, Nariva, Trinidad The fragrant flower of the Water Lily, Nymphaea sp. blooms in the early

morning. The plant is used for prayers in the Hindu religion.

Photography by Jonathan Gomez

ENVIRONMENTAL DAYS22 - Earth Day

April 2016


FRIDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

2 SATURDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

3

THURSDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

1

MONDAY


04:57 hr 0.35m 11:14 hr -0.29m 17:16 hr 0.28m 23:27 hr -0.34m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

4

05:51 hr 0.34m 12:03 hr -0.28m 18:03 hr 0.29m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

6

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

7

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

9

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

10 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

8 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

5



04:42 hr -0.38m 11:02 hr 0.28m 16:54 hr -0.25m 23:01 hr 0.35m

02:05 hr -0.37m 08:29 hr 0.31m 14:27 hr -0.24m 20:29 hr 0.32m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

11

05:33 hr -0.37m 11:51 hr 0.27m 17:44 hr -0.25m 23:54 hr 0.35m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

13

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

14

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

16

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

17 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

15 -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

12



01:40 hr 0.35m 08:05 hr -0.33m 14:13 hr 0.27m 20:15 hr -0.30m

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

18

05:16 hr 0.33m 11:22 hr -0.26m 17:21 hr 0.30m 23:43 hr -0.37m -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

20

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

21

-0.8

-0.4

0

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01:27 hr -0.39m 07:55 hr 0.31m 13:49 hr -0.23m 19:47 hr 0.32m

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26


02:52 hr 0.33m 09:02 hr -0.28m 15:05 hr 0.30m 21:23 hr -0.35m

01:02 hr 0.33m 07:22 hr -0.33m 13:34 hr 0.29m 19:41 hr -0.31m









9 16

23 1

FM

NM

FQ

LQ




0600hrs 1200hrs 1800hrs

WET SEASON

PETIT CARÊME

Los Gallos rocks, Columbus Bay, Trinidad Stacks provide a rest stop for sea birds as natural erosion of the sandstone has

reduced the original eight rocks to only three.

Photography by Lester Doodnath

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS24 - Republic Day

September 2016

05:43 hr -0.23m 11:41 hr 0.31m 18:06 hr -0.38m

SUNDAY

-0.8

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0

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05:06 hr -0.17m 11:06 hr 0.37m 17:53 hr -0.44m

TUESDAY

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4 FRIDAY

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6 SATURDAY

-0.8

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THURSDAY

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5

MONDAY

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04:08 hr 0.43m 10:48 hr -0.34m 16:42 hr 0.18m 22:20 hr -0.28m

01:55 hr 0.35m 08:01 hr -0.24m 13:49 hr 0.26m 20:05 hr -0.37m

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04:53 hr 0.45m 11:41 hr -0.37m 17:40 hr 0.17m 23:06 hr -0.25m -0.8

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9



03:30 hr -0.18m 09:39 hr 0.41m 16:30 hr -0.44m 22:57 hr 0.24m

00:46 hr -0.21m 07:11 hr 0.46m 14:11 hr -0.44m 20:25 hr 0.18m

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01:15 hr 0.34m 07:20 hr -0.25m 13:12 hr 0.27m 19:28 hr -0.36m

-0.8

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22

04:15 hr 0.44m 11:01 hr -0.37m 17:00 hr 0.17m 22:30 hr -0.26m -0.8

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24

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23



02:51 hr -0.20m 09:03 hr 0.41m 15:52 hr -0.43m 22:14 hr 0.24m

00:09 hr -0.22m 06:35 hr 0.46m 13:32 hr -0.43m 19:44 hr 0.18m

-0.8

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29

03:48 hr -0.20m 09:54 hr 0.38m 16:37 hr -0.42m 23:02 hr 0.27m

-0.8

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30

04:46 hr -0.22m 10:47 hr 0.35m 17:22 hr -0.40m 23:49 hr 0.30m









13 21

29 6

FM

NM

FQ

LQ -0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

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31

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

DRY SEASON

WET SEASON

Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus sp. This hardy, freshwater crayfish can adapt to very low water levels due to its

aggressive burrowing behaviour.

Photography by Ben Maharaj

ENVIRONMENTAL DAYS22 - International Day for Biological Biodiversity

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS26 - Corpus Christi; 30 - Indian Arrival Day

May 2016

SUNDAY TUESDAY

-0.8

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0

0.4

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2 WEDNESDAY

-0.8

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0.8

3 FRIDAY

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0.8

5 SATURDAY

-0.8

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THURSDAY

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06:07 hr 0.38m 12:36 hr -0.33m 18:41 hr 0.25m

03:32 hr 0.40m 10:10 hr -0.36m 16:15 hr 0.22m 22:01 hr -0.27m

-0.8

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00:40 hr -0.30m 07:00 hr 0.36m 13:23 hr -0.32m 19:29 hr 0.27m -0.8

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06:03 hr -0.36m 12:15 hr 0.26m 18:06 hr -0.26m

03:22 hr -0.34m 09:39 hr 0.30m 15:44 hr -0.28m 21:53 hr 0.33m

-0.8

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00:21 hr 0.37m 06:55 hr -0.36m 13:06 hr 0.25m 18:55 hr -0.26m -0.8

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05:32 hr 0.36m 11:56 hr -0.31m 17:58 hr 0.26m

02:55 hr 0.39m 09:28 hr -0.35m 15:35 hr 0.24m 21:26 hr -0.28m

-0.8

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05:22 hr -0.37m 11:38 hr 0.27m 17:30 hr -0.25m 23:42 hr 0.36m

02:44 hr -0.35m 09:04 hr 0.31m 15:06 hr -0.26m 21:11 hr 0.33m

-0.8

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28

06:14 hr -0.37m 12:28 hr 0.26m 18:19 hr -0.26m -0.8

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29










10 18

25 2

FM

NM

FQ

LQ

WET SEASON

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

02:17 hr 0.37m 08:47 hr -0.34m 14:54 hr 0.25m 20:51 hr -0.29m

-0.8

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31

Man O’ War Bay, Tobago The fishing community of Charlotteville on the north-west tip of Tobago boasts

pristine coral reefs, sheltered anchorage, and excellent game fishing.

Photography by Kamau Downes

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS1 - Emancipation Day; 31 - Independence Day

August 2016


-0.8

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3 SATURDAY

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2

MONDAY


02:51 hr 0.42m 09:27 hr -0.34m 15:24 hr 0.20m 21:06 hr -0.28m

00:34 hr 0.33m 06:41 hr -0.26m 12:36 hr 0.28m 18:51 hr -0.35m

-0.8

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03:37 hr 0.43m 10:20 hr -0.36m 16:20 hr 0.18m 21:53 hr -0.26m -0.8

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02:13 hr -0.21m 08:28 hr 0.40m 15:14 hr -0.41m 21:32 hr 0.24m

05:58 hr 0.45m 12:53 hr -0.41m 19:02 hr 0.18m

-0.8

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02:11 hr 0.41m 08:47 hr -0.34m 14:46 hr 0.21m 20:30 hr -0.28m

06:00 hr -0.27m 12:00 hr 0.28m 18:13 hr -0.34m

-0.8

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02:58 hr 0.42m 09:40 hr -0.36m 15:41 hr 0.19m 21:17 hr -0.26m -0.8

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05:22 hr 0.44m 12:12 hr -0.40m 18:20 hr 0.19m 23:48 hr -0.23m

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02:32 hr -0.24m 08:44 hr 0.38m 15:20 hr -0.38m 21:37 hr 0.26m -0.8

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06:16 hr -0.30m 12:18 hr 0.26m 18:21 hr -0.31m

05:20 hr -0.28m 11:24 hr 0.29m 17:37 hr -0.33m 23:58 hr 0.35m









12 20

27 5

FM

NM

FQ

LQ

WET SEASON

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs

1800hrs 1200hrs

0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs

1800hrs 1200hrs

0600hrs 1800hrs 1200hrs

0600hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1800hrs

Sargassum tide, Speyside, Tobago Since 2011, coast users in the Caribbean face challenges from tons of

seaweed brought by ocean currents, from a new source in the Atlantic.


ENVIRONMENTAL DAYS5 - World Environment Day; 8 - World Oceans Day

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS19 - Labour Day

June 2016

SUNDAY

-0.8

-0.4

0

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31

01:01 hr 0.39m 07:37 hr -0.36m 13:44 hr 0.23m 19:30 hr -0.26m

TUESDAY WEDNESDAY FRIDAY

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THURSDAY

MONDAY

00:45 hr 0.37m 07:11 hr -0.32m 13:13 hr 0.24m 19:07 hr -0.29m 01:32 hr 0.39m 08:06 hr -0.34m 14:07 hr 0.22m 19:54 hr -0.28m -0.8

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02:19 hr 0.41m 08:59 hr -0.36m 15:01 hr 0.20m 20:42 hr -0.27m -0.8

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04:45 hr 0.43m 11:32 hr -0.39m 17:39 hr 0.20m 23:12 hr -0.25m

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04:41 hr -0.30m 10:49 hr 0.30m 16:59 hr -0.31m 23:17 hr 0.34m

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01:41 hr 0.40m 08:18 hr -0.36m 14:22 hr 0.22m 20:05 hr -0.27m -0.8

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18



04:08 hr 0.42m 10:51 hr -0.37m 16:57 hr 0.21m 22:37 hr -0.26m

-0.8

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01:16 hr -0.28m 07:35 hr 0.37m 14:03 hr -0.34m 20:12 hr 0.27m -0.8

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25



04:01 hr -0.32m 10:13 hr 0.30m 16:21 hr -0.30m 22:35 hr 0.33m









12 19

26 4

FM

NM

FQ

LQ

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs

1200hrs 0600hrs 1800hrs

1800hrs

WET SEASON

Graysby, Cephalopholis cruentata This conspicuous species of Grouper is found in coral reefs often hiding in

caves and crevices. It feeds actively at night on small fish, crab and shrimp.Photography by Jonathan Gomez

July 2016

GET YOUR COPY NOW!

The Institute of Marine Affairs

@IMACHAGima.gov.tt www.ima.gov.tt634 4291 ext 2406 Hilltop Lane, Chaguaramas

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FOR MORE INFORMATION: 634 4291 ext 2406

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THE BLUE CORNER

Documents

APRIL 2016 | VOLUME 6 - ISSUE 1Therefore, in order to conserve these species, it is important to know of their biology, ecology and distribution. Polychaetes are ubiquitous in their