April 6, 2010 Pretest Vocabulary 9/10 Stamp on Vocabulary 15.1 Notes on Natural

Selection Section Assessment 15.1

Frozen Frogs Freeze Solid in winter

in water Thaw out and resume

living in the spring 35% of their body

fluids freeze Produce Glycerol

which acts like antifreeze

This prevents ice crystals from forming in a way that destroys the cells

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Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor)

Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer

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Charles DarwinNatural Selection:

“Survival of fit” Fit reproduce Competition for

resources Best adapted

species survive

HMS Beagle Voyage 1835

Darwin’s key ideas: A. REPRODUCTION: Organisms produce

more offspring than can survive B. VARIATION:Variety in traits exist C. SURVIVAL OF THE FIT: Some traits

allow survival & are passed on D. Over time certain variations make up

most of a population & they may be different from their ancestors

Malthus’s contribution:

Populations grow to a maximum level

Environmental limitations

Fit animals out compete the less fit

-10%

10%

30%

50%

10 yr 20 yr 40 yr 60 yr 80

POPULATION

CarryingCapacity

Evolution Evidence:1. Adaptations2. Fossils3. Comparative anatomy4. Comparative embryology5. Comparative Biochemistry6. Plate Tectonics

April 7, 2010

Stamp on Section Assessment –

Go over Test Notes on Natural

Selection PS Lab 15.1

Duckbilled Platypus Warm blooded Mammals – milk Leathery eggs Single ventral opening Detects electrical currents

like fish Webbed feet Flat tail Male can inject poison into

its predators Has a bill

1. Adaptations: features suited to a particular environment that allow organisms to survive

Inuit people, who live in the extreme cold of the Arctic, have short, stout bodies that conserve heat.

Masai people, who live in the arid lands of eastern Africa, have tall, lean bodies that disperse heat well.

Plant Adaptations:Venus Fly Trap Captures

Animals Acquires

Minerals For Photo- synthesis

Help!!!

Leaf Adaptations:Succulents Thick Store Water Prevent

Drying out

Leaf Adaptations:Pine Needles Shed snow Less water

loss Reduced

surface area Tolerate wind

Flower Adaptations:Fly pollination:Hair along petals

Putrid smell

Bee pollination:Smooth petalSweet smell

2. Fossil Evidence: Once living

remains of organisms

Limited:

1. Type of material preserved (bone, shell, impressions, amber)

2. Incomplete record

3. Easily disrupted

Plant Fossil Evidence:

3. Plate Tectonics Geological theory: Continental masses were one

land mass that explains Closely related species have

common ancestors on now separated continents

Early Theories of Evolution:

Darwin: Current theory Natural Selection “Survival of fit” Reproduction of

the best adapted species

Lamark: “Use & Disuse” Abandoned No knowledge

of genetic traits or mutations in sex cells

Lamark’s Theory

“Use and Disuse” Use of structure

results in evolution

Does not take into account DNA or sex cell mutations

Gene pool? Group of

reproducing organisms

Specific frequency of allele types:25% AA50% Aa25% aa

Changes in the Gene Pool: Changes in the

environment= New mix of allele

frequencies:10% aa 60% Aa 30% AA

Dominant had advantage

Variations: Differences in traits Come about by mutations in

genes Random Occur in sex cells Passed on to future generations

Bird Beak Adaptations:

Genetic DriftChanges in the gene pool due to:

1. Random mating

2. Over a long time period

3. No immigration of males

4. No emigration of females

5. Sufficient resources that match the adaptations

April 7, 2010 Stamp on PS Lab 15.1 Define Vocabulary 15.2 in

glossary with picture Finish up Notes Section Assessment 15.2

for homework

Wrasse Colorful reef fish Schools of females

with no male present When a shortage of

males one of the females turns into a fully functioning male

Same Species Must: Show similar

characteristics Successfully

interbreed Producing

fertile offspring Donkey + Horse=

Mule (infertile)

Geographic Isolation Separation of

organisms by geographic features

Mountains Lakes, oceans, rivers Desserts

(May result in new species over time)

Reproductive IsolationWhen two different species can not mate and have successful offspring

Geographic barriers Anatomy or physiology Social behaviors

Reproductive Isolation:Two organisms cannot mate Separated by geographic

boundaries Anatomical differences Physiological differences Social behaviors

Gradualism

“gradual” Small

changes Over a long

time

Punctuated Equilibrium “punctuation!” Large changes Happen rapidly Periods of no

change

Gradualism: Punctuated Equilibrium

Time

#SPECIES

Adaptive Radiation: “radiation”= branching from

one source “adaptive”= survival of fit Evolution of many branches of

organisms from a single source