1

The Getty Conservation Institute Field Trip Report By F. LeBlanc, Head, Field Projects APT Conference, Galveston, TX Nov. 3-7, 2004

WWhhaatt iiss AAPPTT?? The Association for Preservation Technology International (APT) is the premier cross-disciplinary organization dedicated to promoting the best technology for conserving historic structures and their settings. With 1500 members in 28 countries, APT connects a network of architects, conservators, trades people, consultants, planners, curators, landscape architects, engineers, developers, educators, engineers, historians, apprentices and students.

JJ..MM.. TTeeuuttoonniiccoo rreecceeiivveess tthhee HHaarrlleeyy JJ.. MMccKKeeee AAwwaarrdd

APT President Natalie Bull handing the Harley J. McKee Award to Jeanne Marie Teutonico

The Harley J. McKee Award is the highest honor bestowed by the Association for Preservation Technology International to recognize outstanding contributions to the field of preservation technology over time. Harley James McKee, FAIA (1905-1976) was a preservationist, architect, author, and professor, and a participant in the second APT meeting held at Upper Canada Village in 1968. His thirty-year teaching career benefited several generations of students at five

The flag of Texas

APT Conference brochure with an illustration of the construction of the sea wall built after the Great Storm of 1900

Hotel Galvez built in 1911, venue of the APT 2004 Conference

2

universities, concluding with a twenty-year tenure at Syracuse University. APT President Natalie Bull said: “This year’s recipient of the Harley J. McKee Award was genetically hard-wired for a distinguished career in research and education, having been born to a materials researcher and a teacher. Influenced by peripatetic early studies that touched on mathematics, music, art history and literature, this individual became committed to the field of architectural preservation after a stint of European travel and a course on Renaissance architecture with Princeton Professor David Coffin. A degree in art history was followed by a Masters of Science in Historic preservation from Columbia University. Then, a scholarship to the Architectural Conservation Course at ICCROM in Rome. Later, a research fellowship to work with Dr. Giorgio Torraca on the development of grouts for wall paintings conservation... Her history of collaboration, strategic research and publication now stand her in good stead as Associate Director of the Getty Conservation Institute, where since 1999 she has managed the Science and Field Projects departments and created an international training program. Additional roles include serving as chair of the 2003 and 2004 juries for the Rome Prize, and contributing to US ICOMOS as a Trustee at large. And her focus on preservation technology and materials continues to be exercised in 2005; she will give the keynote address at the 2005 International building Lime Symposium. In recognition of these achievements, the Association for Preservation Technology is pleased to award the 2004 Harley J. McKee Award to Jeanne Marie Teutonico.”

Hotel Galvez interior

Typical Galveston commercial architecture

Galveston residential architecture

Galveston industrial architecture

Galveston Trolley Stop

3

JJoohhnn FFiiddlleerr,, KKeeyynnoottee LLeeccttuurree

Foundations of Sand? - A Commentary on Quality and Consistency in Conservation and the Need for Standards By: John Fidler, Conservation Director, English Heritage, London, England John made a historical review of the development and use of standards that went all the way back to the Romans. He talked about different types of standards and how important they are to the development of any industry or profession. He went on to say that in the UK, there are very few standards for conservation of historic buildings. And the ones that exist are not read, not applied or not understood. Simple repairs to masonry continue to be poorly executed. Because there are no recognized definitions of competency in the UK for heritage preservation, English Heritage has decided to move forward with the development and implementation of standards for professional practice. RIBA, AABC, RIAS, RIAI, RICS, ISE/ICE, and loC(URIC) are all the acronyms of professional associations that have agreed to collaborate with English Heritage to “raise the bar” and develop standards for proven competence in heritage preservation for their professionals. This strategy should go into effect during the coming year. Though they have been particularly active in setting standards during the past century, engineers are not applying those skills to the field of conservation. There is a world crisis for training engineers and we are also getting into a big crisis with craftsmanship. Good craftsmen are disappearing at an alarming rate. He concluded by saying that “charters are vital, but they need better illustration and promotion”.

John Fidler, Conservation Director, English Heritage

Hugh C. Miller shared highlights from the careers of four APT “giants” who passed away this year: Martin E. Weaver, Thomas Spiers, Elliott Carroll and Charles Peterson

Susan Buggey, Chair of the College of Fellows jury presented the awards to the new inductees

4

NNiicchhoollaass SSttaannlleeyy--PPrriiccee,, CCoolllleeggee ooff FFeelllloowwss LLeeccttuurree

Standards in Conservation and Cultural Diversity By: Nicholas Stanley-Price, Director-General, International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), Rome, Italy Dr. Stanley-Price talked about standard-setting instruments, especially the international ones such as the Charters adopted by international professional bodies and the international Recommendations and Conventions such as the ones created by UNESCO. In particular, he reviewed the UNESCO World Heritage Convention of 1972 that was meant to create a list of natural and cultural properties of outstanding universal values but that until now has failed to do this in a truly universal way. There is a great imbalance on the current list between properties nominated from Europe and North America and the rest of the world as well as between cultural and natural properties. Dr. Stanley-Price commented on several other international conventions. International standard-setting instruments are essential, but they will never replace “understanding” as the basis for motivating people and governments to act in the right or appropriate way.

22000044 CCoolllleeggee ooff FFeelllloowwss IInndduucctteeeess

2004 Fellows: D. Woodcock, M. Kaplan, S. Schur, A. Staehli, D. Slaton and T. McGrath

Nicholas Stanley-Price, Director General of ICCROM

Natalie Bull, President of APT was celebrating her birthday that evening

Mariachi playing during the Banquet and Awards Ceremony

Rosanne Dubé, from N.Y., Editor of the APT Communiqué

5

AAPPTT CCoonnffeerreennccee iinn GGaallvveessttoonn

Typical commercial buildings on 21st Street in Galveston, Texas For better or worse, Galveston was founded and grew on the narrow barrier island that protects the bay from the relentless waves of the Gulf of Mexico. The bay was home to the nomadic Karankwa, a base for the pirate Jean Lafitte, and explored by Cabeza de Vaca. The town was named for Bernardo de Galvez during Spanish rule. Texas became a republic in 1836 and Galveston grew rapidly as a commercial port, and as a center for banking and trade. By the 1880s, having survived Texas’ unionization, secession during the Civil War, and the trials of Reconstruction, it was one of the leading cotton ports and financial cities in the United States. The Strand, “The Wall Street of the South”, has many grand buildings, several by local architect Nicholas Clayton. The city boasted many Texas ‘firsts. ’ From post office, private bank, telegraph, gas lights, electricity, cotton compresses, telephone exchange, national bank, chain newspaper, electric street cars, to medical school and cathedral, Galveston led the way. The wealth and the bustle came to a sudden and tragic stop during the night of September 8, 1900 when the island was struck by a massive hurricane that killed more than 6,000 people and destroyed two thirds of the city’s buildings. Galveston refused to die after The Great Storm. It constructed a massive seawall, and endured six years of sand being pumped onto the city to raise the grade and reduce the impact of future storms. The economy of the island changed from a trading port on Galveston Bay to a freewheeling playground on the Gulf of Mexico. Much of the business moved to Houston, and many of the great buildings were abandoned.

Galveston residential architecture on Postoffice street

Galveston residential architecture

Galveston residential architecture

The Strand in Galveston

The Strand in Galveston late on Saturday afternoon

6

Publication of “The Galveston That Was” in 1966 drew attention to this heritage, and acted as a catalyst for renewal of the Strand area. Galveston now boasts five districts on the National Register of Historic Places. Conference participants met in one of the heroic gestures of the rebuilding, the Hotel Galvez, which opened its doors on the newly constructed Seawall Boulevard in 1911. Today Galveston is a gulf-side playground, a center for education, research and medicine, and a vibrant heritage tourism and conference venue. It is still a port for shipping, cruise lines, and off-shore oil, and the famous shrimp fleet is still housed at Pier 19. History is being used as well as enjoyed, and APT conference attendees found it a rich learning environment.

DDeeccoorraattiivvee PPaaiinntt WWoorrkksshhoopp November 3 – 4

Master Painter and gilder John Canning demonstrating various decorative painting techniques to workshop participants

Objectives: The workshop provided attendees with an understanding of American decorative painted finishes and how to examine and preserve these finishes in architectural settings. Content: Day 1 started with an overview of the use of decorative paint in America, methods of investigation and analysis, and some hands-on work with investigating and conserving finishes. Hands on demonstrations were conducted in the making and application of oil and water based paints with an explanation of the different attributes of each. These demonstrations extended into Day 2 to allow for drying time. The day concluded with an off-site visit to learn how to sample paint and the methods of creating exposures. Hands-on opportunities on conserving and recreating painted finishes were provided.

Workshop participant Sara Chase from Lexington MA

Workshop participant Chris Hutson, Architect from Austin, TX

Workshop participant Dennis Cordez, Texas Parks & Wildlife, Austin

Workshop participant Gregory MacNeil, Architect, Halifax, NS

7

Day 2 began with a discussion of the differences between paint color investigation and paint analysis, and whether these should be used to investigate decorative painting schemes. The discussion addressed the lack of standards, and the problems this can cause. The workshop examined some archival materials and discussed how these items were used. Further discussion included an overview of the appropriate contents of decorative painting research reports. The workshop continued with hands-on examination of paint samples under the microscope. The workshop concluded with hands-on work investigating, conserving, and exposing finishes at St-Mary’s Cathedral Basilica where the parishioners have expressed their wish to recover the original cathedral interior decoration scheme. Instructors: Mary Jablonski, Jablonski Berkowitz Conservation, Inc., New York, NY. Ms. Jablonski has a Master's Degree in Historic Preservation from Columbia University, New York. After graduation she worked for five years at a structural engineering firm specializing in the restoration of historic structures. Her current work includes: historic structure reports; historic material investigations; compliance with landmarks regulations; development of technical treatment specifications. She has special interests in finishes and modern materials. Ms. Jablonski is a Professional Associate in the American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works (AIC). She is a past Chair of the Architecture Specialty of Group of the AIC. She is on the board of the APT North East Chapter. John Canning, Founder and President, John Canning and Company, Ltd. Mr. Canning is a member of the American Institute of Conservators (AIC). He was educated in old world and traditional paint and decorative techniques at the Scottish Decorative Trade Institute, Glasgow Stow College of Building and at the Glasgow School of Art. He served an apprenticeship as a church decorator before becoming a member of the London City and Guilds. Mr. Canning brought his skills and talents to the US in the early 1970s, and over the years has become a pivotal force in the restoration of historic American Architecture.

Examples of historic paint chip catalogues from the 1880s

John Canning demonstrating “striking” i.e. painting lines of different thickness without the use of masking tape (which is something amateurs use!)

Mary Jablonski, Decorative Paint Workshop instructor

John Canning, Decorative Paint Workshop instructor

8

Gilding demonstration.

J. Canning applying a coat of “sizing”, a “sticky” material that will hold the gold leaf; the sample was left to dry overnight

Gold leafs are sold in “books” in which very thin sheets of gold are held between sheets of “rouge” paper

The gold leaf is simply laid over the “sticky” surface then set in place with a soft brush; no coating should ever be applied over gold leaf; useful life should be between 25 and 30 years

“Dutch metal” is an alloy of bronze or copper; it is cheaper than gold but must be coated because it begins to oxidize as soon as it is exposed

Aluminum sheets are also available for gilding; in this sample, bottom = gold, middle = Dutch metal, top = Aluminum

All sorts of new products are now available for gilding such as this one created by applying heat to thin sheets of bronze or copper

Interior of St-Mary’s Cathedral Basilica where hands-on decorative painting exercises were held

We first studied historic pictures that showed the earlier painted decoration scheme

Participants discussing a strategy for locating earlier decorative painting; it is preferable to look for areas where there is a variety of details rather than try to identify isolated individual colors

Once a location is selected, the test area is delimited with masking tape; a thin coat of paint thinner or acetone is applied; in this case, 3 layers of white paint were removed before a decorated pattern appeared

The last coat of white paint is carefully removed revealing the decorated pattern; John then went a bit further to see if there was another painted pattern underneath; there was not

The adjoining woodwork was also carefully examined, revealing that the original color was a much lighter shade of gray-brown and it had been struck to imitate masonry joints

9

MMeettaallss CCoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn aanndd PPrreesseerrvvaattiioonn WWoorrkksshhoopp November 3 – 4 Objectives: The workshop addressed the restoration of historic metals by following the process used in actual projects, from the definition of the problem, analysis of the findings, the development of design solutions, implementation of the work and the subsequent plan for maintenance. Content: The program was based at the metal workshops of McLean’s Blacksmithing Inc., and included site visits to investigate poorly maintained ironwork, poorly designed new work, restoration projects, and applications used at completed work and on-going projects. The workshop considered historic metals for both structural and ornamental purposes. An opening lecture laid the foundation for the hands-on experiences to follow. The presentation used case studies and discussion to illustrate the challenges inherent to metal conservation and preservation. Problems examined and assessed included the environmental impacts of acid rain and salt exposure, corrosion, improper repairs and design errors. Investigation techniques had the goal of defining the problems and identifying a solution. The process included metallurgy, specifically chemical and mechanical properties, and weight calculations for both ferrous and non-ferrous materials. Environmental and safety concerns included proximity to sensitive areas, the problems of lead-based paints, and safe practices. This information was analyzed to create key specifications and documentation to be used in the restoration work. Registrants then participated in the fabrication process, beginning with deconstruction and cleaning of the existing material, and following with repair and the creation of new material as needed. Concerns of material compatibility were addressed. Processes included template and jig construction, pattern making and casting, and metal fabrication and appropriate fastening methods. Instructors: Doug McLean, McLean’s Blacksmithing Inc., Galveston, Texas Mr. McLean is President of the company that he founded in 1982. The firm focuses on custom fabrication, preservation and conservation of metalwork in the Houston-Galveston region. They have made major contributions to the restoration of significant historic iron structures in Galveston, including the 1887 Landes Home and the 1877 Scottish barque Elissa, the ‘tall ship for Texas’ berthed at the Texas Seaport Museum.

John Canning demonstrating wood graining technique by first applying a coat of a mixture made of pigments, dryers and beer (traditional binder)

The finished sample

Thomas H. Taylor, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation

John Pistone, Deacon, St-Mary’s Cathedral

10

J. Scott Howell, Robinson Iron, Alexander City, Alabama Mr. Howell is Vice President, General Manager and co-owner of Robinson Iron, a privately held concern established in Alexander City in 1946. The firm specializes in architectural metal castings. He has 30 years experience in the field of metals restoration and conservation.

WWoorrkksshhoopp iinn PPrreesseerrvvaattiioonn EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg

Diagnostics Nondestructive Testing for the Evaluation of Historic Structures November 3 – 4 Objectives: The workshop provided guidance for engineers in the use of diagnostic non-destructive testing for historic structures. It was intended for graduate engineers and practicing engineers who are not familiar with this subject area, and for technically oriented professionals from other disciplines. Content: The first day dealt with the concepts, theory, and approaches to diagnosis in historic structures, using nondestructive testing methods. It included an overview of applicable technical standards and guidelines relating to diagnosis and testing of historic structures, and discussed applicability and appropriateness of existing standards, and the role of engineering judgment. The second day consisted of field sessions demonstrating diagnostic test methods on actual structures. The test methods included ground-penetrating radar, in-place tests of masonry, infrared thermography, resistance drilling of timber and digital radioscopy. Simpler diagnostic tools were also available, such as moisture meters and rebound hammers. Stations were set-up for hands-on application at selected buildings. The field sessions were set up to allow groups of attendees to rotate between stations. The attendees were encouraged to make observations and discussed the condition of the buildings, alternative diagnoses, and the meaning of the test results. Instructors: Michael Schuller, P. E., Atkinson-Noland, Boulder, Colorado Mr. Schuller is president of Atkinson-Noland & Associates, an engineering firm specializing in evaluation and repair of masonry structures. He is active with development of masonry standards with ASTM and The Masonry Society, and teaches masonry structural design at the University of Colorado.

11

Ronald Anthony, Anthony & Associates, Fort Collins, Colorado Mr. Anthony is Wood Scientist for Anthony & Associates, Inc. His consulting work focuses on innovative inspection technologies for assessment of timber structures and forensic investigations on wood- related failures. He received the James Marston Fitch Foundation Grant in 2002 for his approach to evaluating wood in historic buildings. Jonathan Spodek, AIA, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana Mr. Spodek is an architect and a faculty member at the College of Architecture and Planning at Ball State University. His teaching and research focuses on preservation technology and building assessment. His architectural practice focuses on building evaluation and restoration. Patrick Sparks, P. E., Sparks Engineering, Inc., Austin, Texas Mr. Sparks is a consulting engineer specializing in the investigation and repair of existing structures. He is a regular guest lecturer in preservation technology at Texas A& M University, and he has served on the board of directors of the Association for Preservation Technology International (APT).

PPaattrriimmoonnyy aanndd PPrraaggmmaattiissmm

Design Excellence and Preservation Standards Thursday, November 4 A one-day symposium exploring emerging international trends in the conservation and re-use of our architectural heritage, and the issues that shape the nature of change. The Roman architect Vitruvius defined good architecture as having “Commodity, Firmness, and Delight”: good function, sound building, and the ability to lift the human spirit. “Firmness and Delight” may make a building valuable commercially, yet contemporary demands on services and security must often focus on the needs of function. Satisfying these needs may require significant interventions into historic properties that test the threshold of how much change can be tolerated without sacrificing historic character. This one-day symposium brought together scholars, practitioners, and federal stewardship program leaders to explore the state of the art and future directions for maximizing the value of historic properties while retaining their historic integrity. In five structured discussion sessions, international experts presented examples of projects and interventions illustrating their own, sometimes conflicting, perspectives on approaches that derive value from heritage buildings as part of a

12

vital cultural legacy and as integral elements in a dynamic urban environment. Registrants were invited to participate in interactive discourse following each panel discussion. The breadth of examples and speaker perspectives were intended to stimulate debate over differing philosophies represented by visionary projects that brilliantly adapted program requirements to showcase the original architect’s intent, as well as provocative interventions that created new showstoppers celebrating a composite of new and old. There were four content sessions, followed by a discussion and overview. 1. Broad Spectrum: International Approaches and the Role of Government 2. Evaluating Significance and Keeping Integrity 3. Designing for Building Performance 4. Designing for the Urban Context The final session, designing for excellence and successful preservation, explored balancing the goals of maintaining historic integrity and maximizing building performance with the goal of promoting design for vibrant city centers that remain rich in historic character. This session involved panel participation and included audience participation.

GGaallvveessttoonn,, TTeexxaass -- BBrriieeff HHiissttoorryy

The Strand in Galveston

Galveston Island has been occupied since the early 1500's, serving as a home to Akokisa Indians (once thought to be the Karankawa Indians), the infamous pirate Jean Lafitte, "little Ellis Island," "the Wall

Following the Great Storm of 1900, the engineers hired by the City Leaders designed and constructed a concrete wall all along the Island’s Gulf-side. It is 17 feet high. The level of the city was also raised by pumping sand from the sea; all the remaining standing buildings were also raised.

Galveston harbor structure

Typical Galveston Street

Commercial architecture on The Strand

13

Street of the Southwest," the richest city in Texas and the site of the worst natural disaster in U.S. history.

Galveston was named for Bernardo de Galvez, a Spanish colonial governor and general. Galvez sent Jose de Evia to chart the Gulf of Mexico from the Texas Coast to New Orleans, and on July 23, 1786 de Evia charted an area near the mouth of a river and named it Galveston Bay. Later the island and city took the same name. Bernardo de Galvez died the same year, never setting foot on his namesake.

In the 1500's, Galveston Island was home to Karankawa Indians who camped, fished and hunted the swampy land and buried their dead here. The Spanish explorer Cabeza de Vaca was stranded on the Island living among the Karankawa for several years as a medicine man and slave.

In the late 1600's French explorer Robert Cavelier La Salle, although he did not reach Galveston Island, claimed this area for King Louis and named it St. Louis.

The privateer Jean Lafitte arrived on the Island in 1817 making it his base of operations and naming it Campeche. The little village contained huts for the pirates, a large slave market, boarding houses for visiting buyers, a shipyard, saloons, pool halls, gambling houses and Lafitte's own mansion, the "Maison Rouge."

General James Long attempted to recruit Lafitte to help make Texas independent from Spain and Mexico but Lafitte remained neutral. In 1820 Mexico won independence from Spain, but Lafitte stayed on the Island. After Lafitte's attack on an American ship, he was forced to abandon his operations here in May 1821. Before leaving, he held a huge party for his pirates with wine and whiskey and burned his settlement. It is believed that he had buried treasure on the Island, but it has never been found.

In 1821, Jane Long, while waiting for the return of her husband General James Long, became "The Mother of Texas" giving birth to the first Anglo-Saxon native Texan, Mary Jane Long on Bolivar Peninsula. Gen. Long had been killed in Mexico.

In 1836, four ships of the Texas Navy made headquarters on the Island and protected the Texas coast from harassment by the Mexican Navy. These ships prevented supplies and men from reaching Santa Anna, insuring victory for Sam Houston's army at San Jacinto, 22 miles northwest of Galveston.

In 1836, Michel B. Menard, a native of Canada, purchased a "league and labor" of land for $50,000 from the Austin Colony to establish the

Michel B. Menard, a native of Canada, established the City of Galveston

M. Menard’s house on 33rd Street was built in 1838.

“This grand Greek Revival house was built by Galveston’s founder, French-Canadian fur-trader Michel B. Ménard and is one of the oldest structures on the island. The Ménard house was rehabilitated in the 1990s.”

The living room

14

City of Galveston. The City of Galveston started with an area of seven square miles. Menard, needed additional money to promote the town and formed the City of Galveston with nine other men. These men were Gail Borden, Jr. (publisher of the Telegraph and Texas Register and inventor of condensed milk); Samuel May Williams (former secretary to Stephen F. Austin and successful merchant); Thomas F. McKinney (Williams' mercantile partner and an early cotton trader); William H. Jack (Texas patriot and distinguished statesman); A.J. Yates (loan commissioner for the Republic of Texas); John K. Allen (a founder of Houston); Mosley Baker (lawyer and patriot); James Love (eminent jurist and successful planter) and David White (an investor from Mobile, Alabama).

Congress made Galveston a port of entry in 1837 and appointed Gail Borden as Collector of Customs; the first customs house had been opened in Galveston in 1825. Several prefabricated houses arrived from Maine in 1837, one belonging to Augustus Allen, which was sold to Michel Menard in 1839 and still stands.

The land which is now Galveston was part of the original Austin Colony, but Menard and his associates bought the site from the Republic of Texas. Town lots were made available in 1838, and the city was incorporated in 1839. Galveston's harbor became an active port with ships from all over the world importing their goods here.

Hotels, such as the Tremont Hotel, were built. Since chartered banks had not been approved by Congress, financial transactions were handled by mercantile firms. The Strand was filled with wholesalers, cotton agents, paint, drug, grocery, hardware and dry goods stores, and insurance companies. The Strand became the "Wall Street of the Southwest" for the largest and most important wholesale houses west of the Mississippi River.

Between 1838 and 1842, 18 newspapers were started. The Galveston News, founded in 1842, is the only surviving newspaper now published as The Galveston County Daily News. It is the oldest daily newspaper in the state.

A bridge to the mainland was finished in 1860. The bridge opened the opportunity for railroad expansion.

The dining room

The tea cabinet; tea was so precious that the cabinet was kept under lock

The study

One of the bedrooms

A facility for the ladies

15

TThhee GGrreeaatt SSttoorrmm ooff 11990000 September 7, 2000 — One hundred years ago on September 8, the great Galveston, Texas, hurricane roared through the prosperous island city with winds in excess of 130 miles per hour and a 15-foot storm surge. When it was over, at least 3,500 homes and buildings were destroyed and more than 8,000 people were killed.

"That hurricane left the city totally devastated with the deadliest natural disaster in the history of the United States," said Bill Proenza, director of NOAA's National Weather Service Southern Region. "The number of people who lost their lives on that single day represents more than the combined fatalities resulting from the 325 tropical storms and hurricanes that have struck the United States since then. In fact, that single event accounts for one third of all tropical storm or hurricane-related fatalities that have occurred in this nation since it was founded," he added.

Building the 17’ concrete sea wall and raising the grade of the city by pumping dredged sand from the sea protected the city from several other hurricanes of similar if not greater magnitude than the 1900 one. The population accepted the pumps, bridges, puddles and the construction site for more than six years.

Statue in memory of the victims of the 1900 Great Storm

Shortly after the storm

The Island was totally devastated and thousands of people died

Shortly after the storm

16

Probably Galveston's most celebrated landmark, is the state's only structure on the list of the nation's 100 outstanding buildings by the American Institute of Architects. The "Palace" was built as a private home by Col. Walter Gresham in 1886, and purchased in 1923 for the bishop of Galveston-Houston Diocese. Showplace furnishings include a mantel that was first-prize winner at the 1876 Philadelphia World's Fair, Venetian crystal chandeliers, damask wall coverings from London, and a grand staircase of rosewood and satinwood.

CCoonnffeerreennccee PPaappeerrss

Sustainability • Integrating Environmental and Cultural Sustainability -

Andrew Powter, Senior Conservation Architect, Heritage Conservation Directorate, Quebec, Canada

• Structural Materials in Historic Restoration: Making the Sustainable Choice - Helena Meryman, Robert Silman Associates, New York, NY

• The Greening of Dana: A Classroom and Laboratory for Sustainable Design - Maggie McInnis, AIA, Quinn| Evans Architects, Ann Arbor, MI and Ilene Tyler, FAIA, FAPT, Quinn| Evans Architects, Ann Arbor, MI

• Green Preservation - Baird Smith, AIA, FAPT, Quinn| Evans Architects, Washington, DC

• Source, System and Seal - Jean Carroon, AIA, LEED, Goody Clancy Architects, Boston, MA

• “Greening” Historic Preservation - Carl Elefante, AIA, LEED, Quinn| Evans Architects, Washington, DC

17

Mitigation of Threats and Catastrophes • Walking the Tightrope: Pre-Disaster Strategies for Hazard-

Prone Historic Resources - Caleb Christopher, URS Corporation, New York, NY

• Modest Mitigation: Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit for Small- Scale Historic Buildings in Mid-America - Joe Bracci, PE, Professor, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX

• The Best Defense is a Good Hard Bench: Garden Wall “Kit of Parts” Prototype for Integrating Security Barriers into Historic Properties. - Caroline Alderson, FAPT, Center for Historic Buildings, GSA, Washington, DC and Bayard Whitmore, Architect, Center for Historic Buildings, GSA, Washington, DC

• Building in Reverse at the Dry Tortugas National Park - Paul Neidinger, Historical Architect, National Park Service, Santa Fe, NM

• Ornamental Structure or Structural Ornament? Multi- faceted Approaches to the Investigation and Strengthening of a Hybrid Form of Hammer Beam Truss - John Matteo, PE, Robert Silman Associates, Washington, DC, Bryan Blundell, Dell Corporation, Rockville, MD and Marc Fetterman, AIA, Fetterman Associates, Washington, DC

• A Phoenix Arising: Recovering From Fire at the Hermitage Foundation Museum, Norfolk, VA - F. Carey Howlett , Chief Conservator, F. Carey Howlett & Associates, Norfolk, VA and Kristin C. Law, Manager of Collections, Hermitage Foundation Museum, Norfolk, VA

• Condition Assessment of a Historic Masonry Bell Tower Using Various Stress Wave Non-Destructive Testing Methods - Yajai Tinkey, PhD, Research Engineer, Olsen Engineering, Denver, CO and James A. Mason, Senior Project Manager, MacFarland- Johnson, Binghamton, NY

• Differential Settlement at Saint Philip’s Church at Old Salem - David C. Fischetti, PE, DCF Engineering, Cary, NC

• A Mausoleum on Shaky Ground - Carolyn Searls, PE, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, San Francisco, CA

• The Monumental and the Trace: Preserving Historic Graffiti on the Walls of the San Juan Fortifications - Sophie Middlebrook, Graduate Student, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

• Embossed Wallcoverings - Elisa Jary, Restoration Associates Limited, San Antonio, TX

• Testing and Evaluation of Acrylic Emulsion Adhesives for the Stabilization of the Great Hall Ceiling at Drayton Hall - John Hinchman, Architectural Conservation Fellow, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA and Frank Matero, Professor of Architecture, Director, Architectural Conservation Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

• Non-Destructive Testing in the Analysis of the Impact of Climate Control on Paint Film - Lauren Pinney Burge, AIA, Chambers, Murphy & Burge Restoration Architects, Akron, OH

18

• Mold: The New Asbestos - Anne Weber, RA, Ford Farewell Mills & Gatsch, Princeton, NJ

• Mitigating Catastrophic Mold Damage in Archives After Disastrous Water Intrusion: Using Dry Gas Chlorine Dioxide Methods - Pat Weaver- Meyers, PhD, University of Oklahoma Libraries, Norman, OK

Standards for Preservation • Preservation Standards of Harvey P. Smith’s Restoration of

Mission San Jose, San Antonio, Texas - Nancy Crowley, MS Arch program, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX and Anat Geva, PhD, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX

• Structural Analysis of Obsolete Systems - Donald Friedman, PE, Consulting Engineer, New York, NY

• Accurate Diagnosis and Repair Design: The Value of Sample Repairs - Harry J. Hunderman, FAIA, FAPT, Wiss Janney Elstner, Chicago, IL

• Hiroshima, Japan is More Than One Day in 1945! - Anne Hoover, Professor/ Landscape Architect, Ball State University, Muncie, IN

• Preservation of the Monuments of Bhaktapur: A Cultural City - Krishna G. Prajapati, Architect, Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal

• Something to Keep Me Busy: Developing a Treatment Protocol for the Ellsworth Rock Garden - Brenda Williams, ASLA, Quinn| Evans Architects, Ann Arbor, MI and Ruth E. Mills, MA, MS, Quinn| Evans Architects, Ann Arbor, MIA

• Clearer Perspective on the Evolution of Early American Mortars - John Lambert, Abstract Masonry Restoration, Salt Lake City, UT

• Key Considerations in the Development of an ASTM Standard Specification - Margaret Thomson, PhD, Chemical Lime Company, Henderson, NV and John Wathne, PE, Structures North Consulting Engineers, Inc., Salem. MA

• What’s Old is New Again: Ten Years on the Lime Learning Curve - Travis McDonald, Director of Architectural Restoration, Poplar Forest, VA

• A Minimal Intervention Approach in Conservation Engineering - Krystyna Pytasz, Conservation Engineer, Peter Stephen and Partners, Edinburgh, Scotland, John Addison, Conservation Engineer, Peter Stephen and Partners, Edinburgh, Scotland

• Minimalistic Preservation Engineering: Practicing Sustainable Design and Resource Conservation - Richard Beardmore, A- E Design Associates, Fort Collins, CO

• Sustainable Allocation of Materials and Resources at Lincoln Cottage - David C. Overholt, Preservation Projects Director, Lincoln Cottage, Washington, DC and William Dupont, RA, Graham Gund Architect, National Trust for Historic Preservation, Washington, DC

19

• County Courthouses: The Many Meanings of Restoration - Stanley Graves, AIA, Director, Architecture Division, Texas Historical Commission, Austin, TX and Sharon Fleming, AIA, Assistant Director, Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation Program, Texas Historical Commission, Austin, TX

• Visual Splendor, Craftsmanship and Quality Control: Decorative Arts Conservation and Restoration of the Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall (NHL, 1929) - Leila Hamroun, Watson & Henry Associates, Bridgeton, NJ

• Let Us Raise the Standard to Which the Wise and the Honest Can Repair: the Preservation of the Washington Square Arch - Mark Rabinowitz, Senior Conservator, Conservation Solutions Inc., Washington, DC and Robin Gerstad, Conservator, Conservation Solutions Inc., Washington, DC

Technology of Investigation • Integration of Laser Scanning, Rectified Photography, and

AutoCAD Applications in a Survey at St. Vincent de Paul Church, Los Angeles - Christopher Gray, MRICS, Chartered Surveyor, Mollenhauer Group, Los Angeles, CA and Peyton Hall, AIA, Historic Resources Group, Los Angeles, CA and Simon Barnes, MRICS, Plowman Craven & Associates, Harpenden, England

• Wood Assessment and Repair at the Log House Designed by Gustav Stickley at Craftsman Farms, New Jersey - Annabelle Radcliffe- Trenner, AIA, RIBA, Historic Buildings Architects, Trenton, NJ and Edmund Meade, PE, Robert Silman Associates, New York, NY and Ronald W. Anthony, Wood Scientist, Anthony & Associates, Fort Collins, CO

• Color Measurement as a Tool for Analysis and Matching of Historic Materials - Amy Woods, Wiss Janney Elstner, Seattle, WA

• Bridging the Gap: From Design Inspiration to Adoption Implementation - Karen Hughes, HHM, Inc., Heritage Resource Management, Austin, TX and Elizabeth I. Louden, Professor, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX

• High Above Grade for Preservation: The Development and Use of a Tablet PC- based Field Annotation System (TPAS) - Kent Diebolt, Vertical Access LLC, Ithaca, NY

• Who Got it Wrong? Do We Have it Right? Multiple Methods of Investigation Applied to Find Causes of Masonry Distress in a Landmark Building - Richard Ortega, PE, AIA, Director of Preservation, Hillier Architecture, Philadelphia, PA

Opening Reception at the Texas Seaport Museum Colleagues and friends met for a kick-off reception at the Texas Seaport Museum. They had the opportunity to come aboard the 1877 tall ship Elissa where guides from the Galveston Historical Foundation shared the history of this beautiful vessel. They viewed the port

20

activity and saw the workshops used for the ship’s maintenance, the museum houses records of more than 133,000 immigrants who entered the United States through the Port of Galveston as well as historical artifacts relating to the history of the Port of Galveston.

Banquet and Awards Ceremony at the Hotel Galvez The Ceremony was held in the elegant Music Room at Hotel Galvez where participants experienced the taste and sounds from South of the Border. The Galvez was designed by the St. Louis architects Mauran and Russell and was built in 1911. The Spanish Mission

style hotel was built to advertise Galveston’s recovery from the 1900 hurricane. It was renovated by Ford, Powell and Carson in the early 1990s returning the main floor to its historic elegance. The evening continued with the induction of new members of the APT College of Fellows and recognition of those Fellows present. The APT Student Scholarship winners were also introduced. Presidential citations were presented as well. The event concluded with the announcement of the winners of the Oliver Torrey Fuller Award, the Anne de Fort-Menares Award and the Harley J. McKee Award.

Closing Party and Home Tour at the 1861 Custom House A select number of the many elegant homes in this historic district were opened to conference participants to visit. The evening culminated with a party at the 1861 US Custom House, which was the first non-military federal building to be constructed by the US Government in Texas. The Custom House also served as a courtroom and a post office and is now the Headquarters of the Galveston Historical Foundation who were our host for the evening. The building is still owned by the US Government. This was a relaxed evening with delicious food served by Benno’s, an Island institution.

GGaallvveessttoonn’’ss HHiissttoorriicc HHoouussee MMuusseeuummss This tour visite four of Galveston’s historic house museums. The tour was led by restoration architects, craftspeople and historians involved with the rehabilitation of the houses. 1838 Michel B. Menard House This grand Greek Revival house was built by Galveston’s founder, French-Canadian fur-trader Michel B. Ménard and is one of the oldest structures on the island. The Ménard house was rehabilitated in the 1990s. 1839 Samuel May Williams House Built in 1839 with pre- cut lumber shipped from Maine and bricks that came as ballast on incoming ships. Architecturally the house is a rare

21

combination of a Creole plantation and a New England sea captain’s house. 1859 Ashton Villa Built before the Civil War by James Moreau Brown, one of Texas’ wealthiest businessmen, and presided over by his colorful daughter, Miss Bettie Brown, Ashton Villa provides an intimate glimpse into the life of a prominent Victorian family. 1895 Moody Mansion Designed by William H. Tyndall for the Willis family, the Moody family purchased the house after The Great Storm of 1900. The Moody empire was based on cotton and grew to include banking, ranching, insurance and hotels.

22000044 AAPPTT SScchhoollaarrsshhiipp WWiinnnneerrss 1. Disaster Recovery Management for Historic Buildings - Fatima M.

Al- Nammari , Texas A& M University 2. Heritage Conservation of the Vernacular Construction of Mission

San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo in San Antonio - Nancy Crowley, Texas A& M University

3. Development of a Condition Assessment and Monitoring Plan for Palazzo Scotti - Brad Dameron, Ball State University

4. Sod Houses of the American Frontier - Patricia Davenport, Savannah School of Art and Design

5. Early 20th Century Prison Technology - Kara Dotter, University of Texas at Austin

6. Overview of Damage and Strengthening of Earthquakes to Unreinforced Masonry - Fatima Mehdizadeh-Saradj, University of Sheffield

7. Developing Standards for the Application and Installation of Protective Glazing - on Stained Glass Windows - Tricia Nault, Eastern Michigan University

8. A Practical & Illustrated Guide to Identifying the Materials, Components, and Joinery Used in Traditional Wrought Iron - Trevor Taylor, Algonquin College

9. George Washington's Tent – Dan Zhou, Texas Tech University