AP US History February 26 - March 2 2018

March 1st is AP Night (come by and watch my "song and dance") if you're really bored and looking for something to do.

If you are thinking about my AP European class next year, you need not do the writing prompt. Believe me, I know your writing by now.

See information below about your next unit test and a 1920s independent study project due March 9th

MONDAY Examine foreign policy issues during the Wilson Administration (First Term 1912 – 1916) (POL-6),

(WOR-7)

Materials Strategy/FormatPpt and video Lecture-discussion L.CCR.4

Student Activities1. Chronological Reasoning (1,3)3. Critical Thinking (6,7)4. Interpretation and Synthesis (8)

Introduction As a candidate in 1912 Wilson constantly berated the foreign policy of both TR and Taft. He pointed to the

blatant disregard for the sovereignty of Caribbean nations by the Roosevelt Corollary and the military interventions of by Taft. He also chided Taft on his “dollar diplomacy” approach to foreign policy.

Last week we saw Wilson as one of the most Progressive Presidents in American History. His policies revolutionized American economics and culture. However, we also saw a failure in that he was even less interested in race relations than many of his predecessors. Today we will begin a discussion of another issue that Wilson was less than effective, foreign policy.

Wilson called for what he termed a “moral diplomacy” where the U.S. would treat with foreign powers on equal terms. He promised that unlike his predecessors, he would not commit U.S. troops abroad and promised this during the 1916 election. However, as often happens with campaign promises, they should perhaps be called “campaign hopes.”

World War One Statue in Overton Park, Memphis Tennessee, September 21, 1926. The statue was made from pennies that were collected by school children.

Wilson and Foreign Policy Woodrow Wilson numbers among the most influential Presidents in the history of U.S. foreign policy.

Elected in 1912 as a Progressive reformer, the former college professor and governor of New Jersey expected to devote his time and talents to fulfilling an ambitious domestic reform agenda. Foreign policy, Wilson assumed, would be a secondary concern. As he remarked, "[i]t would be the irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs."

That irony was soon realized. In 1913, Wilson repudiated his predecessors' Dollar Diplomacy. (Dollar Diplomacy called for the U.S. government to promote stability, primarily in Latin America and the Caribbean, in order to yield investment opportunities for American companies, with the hope that the development would also result in prosperity for the affected nations.) Certainly Wilson supported private American investment in Latin America and elsewhere, but the promotion of democracy was a higher priority.

In 1914, disturbed by the violence of Mexico's revolution the installation of the Venustiano Carranza regime in Mexico City did not result in lasting tranquility with the United States. Events became so chaotic that the State Department issued a warning to U.S. citizens living in Mexico to leave the country. Thousands took the advice.

One of Carranza’s allies, Francisco “Pancho” Villa, turned against the new president, claiming with some justification that Carranza was not making good on his reform pledges. Villa himself was a rascal, an enormous self-promoter and an occasional champion of the underprivileged. Villa was initially engaged in a struggle on behalf of the government against rival forces. Villa understood how to use the media as evidenced from the fact that filmmakers and U.S. newspapermen by granting open access to his campaigns. Some claimed that he actually staged battles for the cameras and publicity.

Villa's horizons broadened considerably when he began to seek control of the Mexican government for himself. His method was to weaken Carranza by provoking problems with the United States. On January 10, 1916, his forces attacked a group of American mining engineers at Santa Ysabel, killing 18. The Americans had been invited into the area by Carranza for the purpose of reviving a number of abandoned mines

Pancho Villa’s men struck next on March 9, by crossing the border to attack Columbus, New Mexico, the home of a small garrison. The town was burned and 17 Americans were killed in the raid. War fever broke out across the United States. Senator Henry F. Ashurst of Arizona suggested that “more grape shot and less grape juice.” This was a shot at the pacifist policies of Secretary of state William Jennings Bryan. President Wilson abandoned "watchful waiting" and appointed General John J. “Black Jack” Pershing (famous from the Spanish-American War) to head a punitive force of 12,000 soldiers to locate Villa — dead or alive. Carranza was not enthusiastic about the incursion of an American army onto Mexican soil, and became even less so the farther south the soldiers marched. Despite several close calls, Villa always managed to escape the larger and better-equipped invaders. An exasperated Pershing cabled Washington: “Villa is everywhere, but Villa is nowhere.”

The chase lasted nine months and finally ended in February 1917, when Wilson summoned the soldiers home in anticipation of imminent hostilities with Germany. A new Mexican constitution had been adopted in January 1917. Carranza was formally elected president by a democratic vote and was recognized by the United States. Poncho Villa was a popular hero in many quarters in Mexico, but had also made many enemies over the years. He was ambushed and killed several years later.

The intervention and sending of troops across the border could be seen as an act of war and it certainly worsened US relations. But also against his earlier campaign ideas, he was also forced to send troops to Haiti and the Dominican Republic to protect American interests.

Conclusion

In what ways does the attack on Americans and U.S. reaction resemble the September 11 attacks ordered by Osama bin Laden? There was an attack by terrorists angry at U.S. intervention in their region. The U.S. invaded a foreign land to bring the perpetrator to justice. One of the main reasons that the "perp" was not fund was that the local population supported the attackers. While bin Laden was finally located, Poncho Villa eluded justice at the hands of Americans but was killed by rivals in 1923.

HomeworkComplete the Margin questions pp: 674 - 679 and Debating the Philippines pp: 680 - 681 questions 1,2,3

TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY Examine the factors that brought the U.S. into WWI April 1917(POL-6), (WOR-7) Analyze text/document information on the impact upon the home front (WOR-8)(POL-6)(CUL-2)

Materials Strategy/FormatPpt and text/docs Lecture-discussion L.CCR.2,3

Close Text Reading R.CCR.1and 3

Student Activities1. Chronological Reasoning (1,3)3. Critical Thinking (6,7)4. Interpretation and Synthesis (8)

Introduction: World War One Erupts in Europe August 1914

One of the great tragedies of World War One was that it caught people off guard. World War I caught most people by surprise. Lulled by a century of peace--Europeans had not seen a large-scale war since the defeat of Napoleon in 1815--many observers had come to regard armed conflict as a relic of the past, rendered unthinkable by human progress. World War I shattered these dreams. The war demonstrated that death and destruction had not yet been banished from human affairs.

One of the greatest wars in human history was commenced by an act of terrorism. On June 28, 1914, a car carrying Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the imperial Hapsburg throne, made a wrong turn. As the car came to a halt and tried to turn around, a nervous teenager approached from a coffee house, pulled out a revolver, and shot twice. Within an hour, the Archduke and his wife were dead.

Gavrilo Princip, the 19-year-old assassin, was a Bosnian nationalist who opposed the domination of the Balkans by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He had received his weapon from a secret society known as the "Black Hand," which was clandestinely controlled by the government of Serbia. Princip died of mistreatment in an Austrian prison in 1918.

The assassination provoked outrage in Austria-Hungary. The dual monarchy wanted to punish Serbia for the assassination and to intimidate other minority groups whose struggles for independence threatened the empire's stability. The assassination of the archduke triggered a series of events that would lead, five weeks later, to the outbreak of World War I. When the conflict was over, 11 million people had been killed, four powerful European empires had been overthrown, and the seeds of World War II and the Cold War had been planted.

A complicated system of military alliances transformed the Balkan crisis into a full-scale European war. Recognizing that any action it took against Serbia would create an international incident, Austria asked for Germany's diplomatic and military support. Meanwhile, Russia, fearful of Austrian and German expansion into the Balkans, strongly supported the Serbs and began to mobilize its army.

This move made Germany's leadership fear encirclement by Russia and France. Germany sent an ultimatum to France asking it to declare its neutrality in the event of a conflict between Russia and Germany. The French refused. They were obligated by treaty to support Russia and were still bitter over their defeat by Prussia in 1871. When Russia failed to mobilized its forces, the German Kaiser agreed to

war. The Germans hoped that a lightning quick strike at France would catch them before they were fully mobilized. The invasion route through Belgium and Holland would bring Britain into the conflict as they were allies with those states. In essence, a gentlemen’s agreement of mutual support with France became a military alliance as they now had a common enemy in Germany.

The German assault nearly worked. The French and British stopped Germany's massive offensive through France and Belgium at the Marne River only miles from Paris, the Great War bogged down into trench warfare and a ghastly stalemate ensued. Lines of men, stretching from the English Channel to the Swiss border, formed an unmovable battle front across northern France. Four million troops burrowed into trenches that were 6-to-8 feet deep and wide enough for two men to pass each other. The trenches stretched for 450 miles. The soldiers were ravaged by tuberculosis and plagued with lice and rats. They stared at each other across barren expanses called "no-man's land" and fought pitched battles over narrow strips of blood-soaked earth.

To end the stalemate, Germany introduced several military innovations in 1915. But none proved decisive. Germany dispatched submarines to prevent merchant ships from reaching Britain; it added poison chlorine gas to its military arsenal at the second battle of Ypres in northern France; and it dropped incendiary bombs over London from a zeppelin. Airplanes, tanks, and hand grenades were other innovations that distinguished World War I from previous conflicts. But the machine gun did most of the killing, firing eight bullets per second.

In the east the war was more mobile. The Ottoman Empire allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary which brought war into the Middle East. Many of the modern day issues in this region commenced in 1915-1918 as British troops inspired Arab uprisings against Turkey and, at the same time, promised to sponsor a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

The battles that erupted in Europe were unlike any seen before. In an attempt to break the deadlock, German forces adopted a new objective in 1916: to kill so many French soldiers that France would be forced to sue for peace. The German plan was to attack the French city of Verdun, a psychologically important town in northeastern France, and to bleed the French dry. The battle--the war's longest--lasted from February 21, 1916 through July. The battle also engaged two million soldiers. When it ended, Verdun had become a symbol of wartime futility. France had suffered 315,000 casualties, Germany 280,000. The town was destroyed; however, the front had not moved. At the Battle of the Somme, a hundred miles northwest of Verdun, the British launched an assault in July 1916. When it was over in October, one million men on both sides had died.

In 1917, after two-and-a-half years of fighting, 5 million troops were dead and the western front remained deadlocked. This was the grim situation that awaited the United States

The U.S. is drawn into the Conflict

It was once taught that the U.S. was an innocent victim of German aggression and only went to war when we were forced into the situation. But an objective look at the situation reveals that the U.S. was also steering a path toward war as we examine evidence mounting by 1916. Germany was desperate to break the stalemate and to end the war of attrition. In January 1917, they launched unrestricted submarine warfare, hoping to cripple the British economy. German subs sank a half million tons of Allied shipping each month, leaving Britain with only a six week supply of grain. But these German U-boats risked bringing the United States into the war. Despite Wilson’s statements of neutrality, we were selling goods to Britain almost exclusively by 1916. So, were we neutral? One should be reminded that this was one of the major factors leading to the War of 1812! So, the first major facto involving the U.S. going to war was violations of American Neutrality. But even before this, American public opinion was turning against Germany

On May 7, 1915, the Lusitania, a cruise ship was sunk by a torpedo from a German submarine. The ship sank off the Irish coast in under 20 minutes. A total of 1,198 passengers and crew members lost their lives; only 861 people survived. Over 200 hundred Americans were also on board. The German Embassy had issued a warning that appeared in New York newspapers: “Travelers intended to embark for an Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies.... Vessels flying the flag of Great Britain or any of her allies are liable to destruction.” The Lusitania had previously made a half dozen Atlantic round trips

without incident. Few believed that a civilian passenger ship would be deliberately targeted. The problem was that Germany believed that this vessel and other passenger ships were secretly ferrying weapons to Britain. Following the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915, Germany would institute a moratorium on unrestricted submarine warfare. However, pressure on the German high command to resume unrestricted submarine warfare was great. It was viewed as the only way to starve Britain and France into submission. This resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare would ultimately bring the United States into the war.

President Wilson once had called on Americans to be "neutral in thought as well as deed." The United States, however, quickly began to lean toward Britain and France. Convinced that wartime trade was necessary to fuel the growth of American trade, President Wilson refused to impose an embargo on trade with the belligerents. During the early years of the war, trade with the allies tripled.

This volume of trade quickly exhausted the allies' cash reserves, forcing them to ask the United States for credit. In October 1915, President Wilson permitted loans to belligerents, a decision that greatly favored Britain and France. By 1917, American loans to the allies had soared to $2.25 billion; loans to Germany stood at $27 million. So once again we have to ask ourselves, in the face of potential lost revenues from a German victory, were we truly neutral? By n January 1917, Germany announced that it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare. This announcement helped precipitate American entry into the conflict. Germany hoped to win the war within five months. Additionally, they were willing to risk antagonizing Wilson on the assumption that, even if the United States declared war, it could not mobilize quickly enough to change the course of the conflict.

The final act in leading the U.S. into the war was something that sounds a little like the De-Lome Letter of the Spanish-American War. Then a fresh insult led Wilson to demand a declaration of war. In March 1917, newspapers published the Zimmerman Note, an intercepted telegram from the German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador to Mexico. The telegram said that if Germany went to war with the United States, Germany promised to help Mexico recover the territory it had lost during the 1840s, including Texas, New Mexico, California, and Arizona. The Zimmerman telegram and German attacks on three U.S. ships in mid-March led Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war.

A final event that also might have pushed Wilson’s hand was the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia that took them out of the war. This occurred one month before the American declaration of war. This would mean a huge shift as German troops could now be reallocated to the Western Front.

War is DeclaredPresident Wilson viewed the war as an opportunity to destroy German militarism. "The world must be made safe for democracy," he told a joint session of Congress. Only six Senators and 50 Representatives voted against the war declaration. Among them was Jeanette Rankin the first female Senator. Secretary of State Bryan had already resigned believing that Wilson was intent upon going to war and not seeking peaceful solutions.

The U.S. Prepares for War When Wilson got the war declaration The U.S. Army at the time had only 107,641 men. Within a year,

however, the United States raised a five million-man army. By the war's end, the American armed forces were a decisive factor in blunting a German offensive and ending the bloody stalemate.

The German had believed that with Russia out of the war, they could now win. They expected the U.S. would take a long time to mobilize. The U.S. Navy would strike the first blow. American ships relieved the British of responsibility for patrolling the Western Hemisphere, while another portion of the U.S. fleet steamed to the north Atlantic to combat German submarines.

General John Pershing was placed in command of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) but most Europeans called our soldiers “doughboys.” To raise troops, President Wilson insisted on a military draft. Though drafting may not have been necessary as millions of men volunteered. Just like any other product, the war was sold with advertising. The appeal to mom, apple pie, and democracy worked very well (see below). More than 23 million men registered during World War I, and 2,810,296 draftees served in the armed forces. To select officers, the army launched an ambitious program of psychological testing which came to be the Stanford I.Q. test. All told, 1.5 million American troops arrived in Europe during the last six months of the war.

The U.S. Mobilization and the Home Front

As we recently discussed, all U.S. wars must rely upon the support of the people and so public opinion becomes critical to all war efforts. Wilson administration was convinced that it had to mobilize public opinion in support of the war. To influence public opinion, the federal government embarked on its first ever domestic propaganda campaign. Wilson chose muckraking journalist George Creel to head the government agency, the Committee on Public Information (CPI). The CPI placed pro-war advertisements in magazines and distributed 75 million copies of pamphlets defending America's role in the war. Creel also launched a massive advertising campaign for war bonds and sent some 75,000 "Four-Minute Men" to whip up enthusiasm for the war by rallying audiences in theaters. The CPI also encouraged filmmakers to produce movies, like The Kaiser: the Beast of Berlin, that played up alleged German atrocities. Of course some of these were simply made up and any Allied atrocities completely hidden. For the first time, the federal government had demonstrated the power of propaganda.

The propaganda effort was perhaps too successful. Once the United States entered the war, a search for spies and saboteurs escalated into efforts to suppress German culture. Many German-language newspapers were closed down. Public schools stopped teaching German. Lutheran churches dropped services that were spoken in German.

Germans were called "Huns." In the name of patriotism, musicians no longer played Bach and Beethoven, and schools stopped teaching the German language. Americans renamed sauerkraut "liberty cabbage"; dachshunds "liberty hounds"; and German measles "liberty measles." Cincinnati, with its large German American population, even removed pretzels from the free lunch counters in saloons. More alarming, vigilante groups attacked anyone suspected of being unpatriotic. Workers who refused to buy war bonds often suffered harsh retribution, and attacks on labor protesters were nothing short of brutal. The legal system backed the suppression. Juries routinely released defendants accused of violence against individuals or groups critical of the war. A St. Louis newspaper campaigned to "wipe out everything. In our own neighborhood, Germantown Tennessee was renamed Neshoba.

Perhaps the most horrendous anti-German act was the lynching in April 1918 of 29-year-old Robert Paul Prager, a German-born bakery employee, who was accused of making "disloyal utterances." A mob took him from the basement of the Collinsville, Illinois jail, dragged him outside of town, and hanged him from a tree. Before the lynching, he was allowed to write a last note to his parents in Dresden, Germany (source digitalhistory.com)

The Espionage 1917 and Sedition Acts 1918 Do you remember the Alien and Sedition Acts? What about the suspension of habeas corpus by Lincoln

during the Civil War? Ever look the details of the more recent Patriot Act passed with bi-partisan support during the months after the September 11th attacks in 2001? All of these share the commonality that during wartime, civil rights and civil liberties are often constrained.

June 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act. The piece of legislation gave postal officials the authority to ban newspapers and magazines from the mails and threatened individuals convicted of obstructing the draft with $10,000 fines and 20 years in jail. Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1918, which made it a federal offense to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the flag. The government prosecuted over 2,100 people under these acts.

In general organized labor unions like the AFL pledged to not strike during the war. However, the more radical labor organization, the International Workers of the World (IWW) also called the “Wobblies”, never recovered from government attacks during World War I. In September 1917, the Justice Department staged massive raids on IWW officers, arresting 169 of its veteran leaders. The administration's purpose was, as one attorney put it, "very largely to put the IWW out of business." Many observers thought the judicial system would protect dissenters, but the courts handed down stiff prison sentences to the radical labor organization's leaders

Political dissenters bore the brunt of the repression. Eugene V. Debs, who urged socialists to resist militarism, went to prison for nearly three years. One of the most important civil rights cases in the period came as a result of the constitutional challenge. In the case Schenk v. U.S. (1919) the Court's unanimous (9-0) decision was written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. In it, the Court upheld Schenck's conviction, declaring the Espionage Act a reasonable and acceptable limitation on speech in time of war. Holmes

wrote, “The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing panic.” Holmes argued that “The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent.”

In short, the Court held that reasonable limits can be imposed on the 1st Amendment's guarantee of free speech. No person may use free speech to place others in danger. “Protected political speech” was diminished in time of war. The Schenck case stands as the first significant exploration of the limits of 1st Amendment free speech provisions by the Supreme Court.

Funding the War Effort The war was funded through several vehicles. Income tax rates were expanded but the most popular

method was selling war bonds. To ramp up production, the War Industries Board was created and led by Bernard Beruch, a Wall Street broker. Generally, this allowed a small measure of monopolies to form as they are inherently more efficient at production. The problem after the war was getting them to stop being monopolistic. The 1920s Republicans generally ignored the problem.

Another important part of the war effort was recycling! Led by future President Herbert Hoover, the government sponsored recycling programs and encouraged Americans to plant “liberty gardens” so that food could be rationed for the war effort.

ConclusionThough the US was only in the war for about 14 months, the death toll was horrendous. Over 116,000 soldiers died as a direct result of combat. In financial figures the war cost about $32 billion. But to some degree the war made the U.S. a superpower as we were the only real winner. Unfortunately, the Versailles Treaty and its punitive measures, coupled with the economic crisis of the 1930s would practically guarantee an even more dangerous war.

HomeworkOn Friday you will have a rare test. It will involve MC and SA on the same day. I suggest you start studying.

THURSDAY Analyze sources on the Versailles Treaty and Wilson’s Fourteen Points (WOR-8)

Materials Strategy/FormatPPT/copies of the Fourteen Points Assessment and Review/text analysis

SL.CCR-1Student Skills/Activities1. Chronological Reasoning (1,3)2.Comparison and Context (5)3. Critical Thinking (6,7)4. Interpretation and Synthesis (8,9)

Introduction With the conclusion of WWI President Wilson planned to embark on a mission to save the world from

future wars armed with his Fourteen Points. He believed that if he could convince the European powers to accept these points that war would be a thing of the past. Georges Clemenceau the French President quipped that "the Lord only had Ten Commandments and Wilson had fourteen." This illustrates the reaction that many of the Big Four Had to Wilson's moralistic plans.

The Big Four: Wilson, Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, and Orlando Vittorio of Italy met to decide the fate of the world. It seems obvious that this meeting was mostly about revenge in the minds of the European powers. As evidence of this here were some of the problems1. The Germans, Austrians, Hungarians, Ottoman Empire were not allowed to voice true opposition2. Russia (now the Soviet Union) was not at the meeting at all.

Punishing Germany (There were a total of 440 clauses in the final treaty. The first 26 clauses dealt with the establishment of the League of Nations. The remaining 414 clauses spelled out Germany's punishment)

No military with offensive capabilities (tonnage of ships limited (No subs at all), no air force, limits on the army in both men and materials)

Stripped of all overseas possessions mostly in Africa but also some islands like Samoa) The Germans were forced to pay reparations: 1,189,560,417,773 USD in current figures. This was to be

paid in gold mostly to Britain and France. Territorial readjustments (Alsace-Lorraine and Saar and Rhur Valley) Germany lost land to a number of

other countries. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, Eupen and Malmedy were given to Belgium, North Schleswig was given to Denmark. Land was also taken from Germany and given to Czechoslovakia and Poland. The League of Nations took control of Germany's colonies. As we will see, this will give considerable weight to Hitler’s claims that he would reunite Germany.

Mineral resources to France particularly in coal rich Ruhr and Saar Valleys. In the 1920s the French will physically invade these places claiming that Germany was reneging on their payments. The Rhineland was demilitarized (This will be the first place that Nazi Germany will retake; without firing a single shot).

Finally, and perhaps most importantly Germany was forced to sign a War Guilt Clause claiming that they were responsible for this war. Was this true?

The League of NationsSpeaking before the U.S. Congress on January 8, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson enumerated the last of his Fourteen Points, which called for a “general association of nations…formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.” Many of Wilson’s previous points would require regulation or enforcement. In calling for the formation of a "general association of nations," Wilson voiced the wartime opinions of many diplomats and intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic who believed there was a need for a new type of standing international organization dedicated to fostering international cooperation, providing security for its members, and ensuring a lasting peace. With Europe’s population exhausted by four years of total war, and with many in the United States optimistic that a new organization would be able to solve the international disputes that had led to war in 1914.

Wilson’s Return to the U.S. When President Woodrow Wilson presented his negotiated Treaty of Versailles to the

Senate in 1919, the agreement faced immediate Senate opposition. At issue was a controversial proposal establishing a League of Nations to assure peace through collective action. In particular, Article X of the League’s proposed covenant required each participating nation to “respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members.”

Some senators sought to amend the treaty through reservations, but one group of senators–“The Irreconcilables”–opposed the treaty in any form. Led by William Borah of Idaho, the group also included Wisconsin’s Robert La Follette and California’s Hiram Johnson.

Wilson’s articulation of a League of Nations was wildly popular. However, it proved exceptionally difficult to create, and Wilson left office never having convinced the United States to join it. The effort

HomeworkStudy! Test is on FridayMC and SA format

FRIDAYUnit Test

Origins of Imperialism The causes and effects of the Spanish American War TR and Taft Foreign Policy Wilson Foreign Policy and Origins of WWI The U.S. at War and the Versailles Treaty Chapter 21 in the textbook

Weekend HomeworkBegin working on the Independent study of the 1920s. This is a separate assignment listed on the website. The Due date for this assignment is March 9th (the Friday before spring break!!!!!) This assignment is worth a test score so follow the directions and don't be lazy