AP US HistoryOctober 5 – 9 2020

The DBQ essay is due on Tuesday 8:00 in Teams and remember this must be a document that I can edit. I hope that you had it written well in advance of this deadline.

Wednesday is the MCQ for our next Unit Test. This will be started in class on Tuesday and be due by 8:00 am on Wednesday. Remember that the DBQ and MCQ are combined grade.

We will begin the second half of HP3 Unit on Wednesday known as the Early Republic

MONDAY Examine the social-economic and political impact of the American Revolution

Materials Strategy/FormatBell work and PPT Lecture-discussion, review

Student ActivitiesContextCausationCCOT

Introduction Timed bell work on yesterday’s notes will start us off and then we will proceed into the impact that the war

had social groups. The American Revolution was not only a political move for the independence of 14 colonies (that’s right Vermont declared independence as a separate entity in 1777 during the mist of the Revolution). The Revolution was a social pivot point and became the battle ground between Jefferson’s noble words of equality and a more conservative, elitist viewpoint led by, among others Alexander Hamilton, who wanted to constrain the “mob” and place second to the educated men. Perhaps one of the greatest ironies is that the men of the Enlightened generation, had no problem for the most part marginalizing the rights of the poor, women, natives, and African-Americans. Clearly the idea of “all men

are created equal” was taken to mean all white men of property. But, was this a surprise? For the most part, property, gender, and race had defined citizenship from the beginning.

The Impact of the War Upon the Lower Classes Of all “marginalized groups” lower class men gained at least some measure of success. While property in

most colonies still defined citizenship and political power, the upper classes did at least accept that they could not truly control the lower classes. They had done the large part of the fighting and dying and it was clear that they would not easily accept a continued lower status. In a few states the among of property one owned for citizenship/voting rights was reduced. And, some former colonies had granted land concessions. The coming Land Ordinance of 1785 (more on this next unit) did grow the number of propertied over time but it would be almost the 1800s before a large number became land owners. In a few places income rather than land became defining attribute of citizenship recognizing the financial power of the growing “middling classes.” The Lower-class man would continue to assert authority until 1780s when Shays Rebellion illustrated the need both for a more powerful central government and a deeper, grudging respect for the working poor.

The Impact of the Revolution Upon Women The impact Revolution upon women was muted and did not include political freedom. One important gain

was in economics. Women in most states could now own property in their own name. However, political gains were rare. Briefly some states allowed women to vote because of property ownership but generally this was short lived.

Despite Abigail Adams admonition to her husband to not forget the “contributions of the ladies,” the role designed for women came to be called “republican motherhood.” This was an outgrowth of the enlightenment ideal espoused by Jean Jacques Rousseau of “separate spheres” for women. This rejected the idea of women in political realm but reserved for them the “natural” role of being good mothers and raising children with republican values to make better citizens. This will set up a future battle between feminists and conservative women who will assert this importance straight into the 20th century.

The Impact of the Revolution Upon Native-Americans The impact among Natives despite their alliances, was collectively negative. Given the 150 years of

colonization it should be no surprise that the revolution did not sate the desire for land among whites. In fact, quite the opposite was the case. The Treaty of Paris 1783 tried to protect natives, a credit to the British. But these agreements (along with the agreement not to mistreatment white loyalists) was completely ignored. No longer did prohibitions on white, now American settlement, exist at all. Land grabbing became a free-for-all initially with squatters headed west by the thousands and the resultant violence among Natives in some places.

The Articles of Confederation government officially formed in 1781 to its credit did attempted to recognize Native rights and the existence of “nations of natives.” The Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole) were given the status of “dependent nations” within the U.S. This will become an issue as the “New Republic” period begins because, in the south, Natives organized and professed loyalty while in the region of modern-day Ohio, terrible Native conflicts with white settlers erupted. This will result in some tribes seeking the continued protection of Britain. This will be at least one of the issues leading to the War of 1812 (synthesis).

The Impact of the Revolution Upon African-Americans When the Revolution erupted in 1775, there were about half a million African-Americans living in the

colonies most of whom were slaves. Of course, most lived in the Chesapeake and southern colonies. Both the British and Americans offered freedom for any slave that enlisted. After the war many were in fact freed. Some freedmen even moved to Nova Scotia following other loyalist troops who had lost their lands (despite the promises made in the Treaty of Paris that they would not face retaliation.

Despite a statement in the Continental Congress barring black enlistments manpower shortages led over 8000 into the regular army. There was an all-black regiment from Rhode Island but in most cases black troops served in support roles.

The greatest impact of the Revolution on African-Americans was that the founding generation would be forced to address the issue of slavery. The general view even this early was that slavery was inconsistent with democracy and yet, the economic argument in the south was that the economy in planter states would collapse without slave labor. The view then became one of “gradual emancipation” and for the first time the spread of slavery would be addressed with general view among some that it should be contained to where it already existed. Unfortunately, once the Constitution is written “property” and slavery were defined as one and the same and protected by “due process.”

HomeworkFinish your DBQ if you have not already done so. Look over your notes for the MCQ

TUESDAY (DBQ due in Teams today by 8:00)MCQ HP3.1 (1754-1783)

The Road to the American Revolution Unit Test 3.1http://www.quia.com/quiz/7368347.htmlHomeworkIf necessary complete the MCQ by 11:59 PM on Wednesday

WEDNESDAY (Begin Unit 3.2) Examine the formation of the new state governments of the United States and the weakness of the Articles

Government (NAT-1,2) (CUL-2) (POL-1,2)

Materials FormatPPT Lecture-discussion/review

Student SkillsChronological Reasoning 1,3Comparison/Context 5,6

Set/Overview We are now moving into a new era of US History called “the early Republic 1776 – 1814. There had never

been a republic as large as the US. There was no question that the government would take this form. However there seemed to be general agreement that states should be the sovereign entities and that there should be a weak central government. Why was this case?

This was the plan for the government known as the Articles of Confederation (after its constitution). The idea of state’s rights and sovereignty was born. This will be one of the major causes of the Civil War in 1861 and countless disputes since that time. What are some recent examples of states asserting their sovereignty?

Today we will examine both the new state governments and the Confederation government that developed after 1783.

ProcedureThe New State governments14 original (Vermont became the first actual state before the Revolution was officially over)Common Characteristics

1. Nearly all saw a battle and sometimes heated ones between conservatives (law, order, gentry) and liberals (individual rights, liberties, democracy). This will shape the national battle later on for a new Constinitution in 1787

2. Written constitutions became the order of the day and bicameralism (except PA and GA) These new state constitutions nearly all still had property qualifications for voting and only white males could vote. MD created an electoral college. Why?

3. Weak executives (governors) PA had none for a while.4. By the 1780s however we see the influx of conservative ideology about property and citizenship. Is this

elitism? Is it a bad idea? Why was it that land defined political power????5. Important to note, the path to land ownership was opened more by ending primogeniture laws or similar

entailments. Also, loyalist property was taken over and finally westward migration to lands closed since 1763 opens up.

6. Established religions such as Anglicanism were generally abolished (see Jefferson’s Statute of Religious Freedom). Though some continued to collect the religious tithes as part of the tax base. Surprisingly that state was Massachusetts!

7. Slavery was abolished in all of New England, gradual emancipations existed in the former middle colonies (now called Mid Atlantic States), NJ and De did not abolish it nor did any of the Southern states.

The Articles of Confederation Grew out of the 2nd Continental CongressOne look at the powers shows the fear realized in that this central government really had no power.

1. Unicameral w/2 Reps per state and these had to agree to cast a single vote for the state2. No taxing, regulation of commerce, judicial system, declare war3. It could make native treaties and run postal system4. Committees w/a rotating President

Immediate Problems1. Robert Morris proposed an import tax (tariff) of 5% to fund the government but the measure was defeated

easily by the veto power of the states. Alexander Hamilton apparently schemed to fake an army uprising among unpaid soldiers. This was called the Newburgh Conspiracy. It failed when George Washington got wind of it.

2. British tariffs against American exports especially hurting the northeast and they would allow no trade in the West Indies at all. The nation could not borrow money and many states still owned money to foreign powers like France.

3. Native problems were expected as whites now surged past the old Proclamation Line. 4. Shays Rebellion

Only three years after the American Revolution ended, thousands of Massachusetts citizens took up arms against their new state government. The uprising occurred in western Massachusetts. In a period of economic depression and land seizures for debt collection, several hundred farmers led by Daniel Shays (1747? – 1825), who had served as a captain in the Revolutionary army, marched on the state supreme court in Springfield, preventing it from carrying out foreclosures and debt collection. The State of Massachusetts would no longer take paper money for taxes and demanded specie. Shays then led about 1,200 men in an attack on the nearby federal arsenal, but they were repulsed by troops.

Several of the rebels were fined, imprisoned, and sentenced to death, but in a general amnesty was granted. Although most of the condemned men were either pardoned or had their death sentences commuted, two of the condemned men were hanged on December 6, 1787 Shays himself was pardoned in 1788 upon the request of George Washington.

This was significant because just before this time concerned businessmen had called a meeting to discuss the weakness of the government at Annapolis (The Annapolis Convention) and there was little interest. Now after Shays Rebellion the issue seemed more pressing. It was a major wake-up call for the Constitutional Convention.

HomeworkNone

THURSDAY (Textbook Required) Analyze the development of the Land Ordinance and Northwest Ordinances Analyze secondary text sources on the origins of the “Early Republic Period” using close-text reading

(POL1,2)(NAT1)(MIG1)

Materials Strategy/FormatTextbook and Guided Reading Questions Close-text reading

Student ActivitiesContextCausationCCOTEvaluation/Analysis

Instructions Today, using your text we will be answering a few reading questions about the formation of our first

national government, the Articles of Confederation 1781 – 1787. Additionally, we will look at the formation of the new state governments. Right away we will see an enduring theme of American History, state’s rights vs. centralized power.

One of the most important (and perhaps only) significant contributions of the Articles of Confederation government was the organization of new territories into states. Not only did this set the pattern for how states would come into the union, it also made a significant contribution in stopping the spread of slavery into many of these new areas making fairly clear dividing line between slave and free states. Using the text you will look at the Northwest Ordinance and how it shaped the future

You will need your textbook for this assignment and the instructions/questions will be on the class websitehttps://apusandapeuropeanhistory.yolasite.com/AP-US-History.php

HomeworkComplete the text-based questions. These are due in Teams by 11:59 on Friday.

FRIDAY Review Activity using a “matrix” covering the American Revolution years – Early Republic

Materials Strategy/FormatOnline Matrix (word bank) Assessment and Review

Instructions Today you will complete an old-fashioned fill in the blank activity using a word bank that I can a “matrix.”

You will not use all of the terms (because we haven’t learned all of it yet) and you will not use them more than once.

You will simply type or even hand write (you will have to upload the image) and post on Teams. If it is a person, then last names are fine unless “Adams” and I give you both Samuel and John.

Hopefully this is completed today but if not you have until the Monday that we return from Fall Break October 19th 8:00am

See information below