APUSH: American APUSH: American RevolutionRevolution

Mr. WeberMr. Weber

Room 217Room 217

AgendaAgenda

• Activator, agenda, and objective (10 Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes)minutes)

• Ch. 4 reading test (15 minutes)Ch. 4 reading test (15 minutes)• American Revolution lecture (45 American Revolution lecture (45

minutes)minutes)• Independent Reading (30-45 Independent Reading (30-45

minutes)minutes)• Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)

Objective Objective

• AP Topic #4:AP Topic #4:– The American Revolutionary Era, The American Revolutionary Era,

1754–1789 1754–1789 – The French and Indian War The French and Indian War – The Imperial Crisis and resistance to The Imperial Crisis and resistance to

Britain Britain – The War for Independence The War for Independence – State constitutions and the Articles of State constitutions and the Articles of

Confederation Confederation – The federal Constitution  The federal Constitution  

Unit 2: Revolutionary America and the Unit 2: Revolutionary America and the Early Republic 1763-1840Early Republic 1763-1840

• Essential Questions:Essential Questions:

• In what ways were the ideals of the Declaration, Revolution, In what ways were the ideals of the Declaration, Revolution, and Constitution contradicted by the realities of life in early and Constitution contradicted by the realities of life in early America (especially for African Americans, women, poor America (especially for African Americans, women, poor people, and immigrants)?people, and immigrants)?

  • What unified and what divided the colonists at the time of the What unified and what divided the colonists at the time of the

Revolution?Revolution?• What were the ramifications of using slaves in the British and What were the ramifications of using slaves in the British and

Continental armies. Why did the British authorize the use of Continental armies. Why did the British authorize the use of slaves, why did the American colonists, and what were the slaves, why did the American colonists, and what were the benefits for the slaves?benefits for the slaves?

• Why did the colonists increasingly believe that British rule Why did the colonists increasingly believe that British rule threatened their liberty?threatened their liberty?

• How did How did Common Sense Common Sense and the Declaration of and the Declaration of Independence reflect the idea put forth by philosophers like Independence reflect the idea put forth by philosophers like John Locke that liberty was a natural right?John Locke that liberty was a natural right?

Chapter 5: American Revolution Chapter 5: American Revolution HighlightsHighlights

• Chapter concentrates on events leading Chapter concentrates on events leading up to the war and the war itself.up to the war and the war itself.

• Anger against colonial governors Anger against colonial governors symbolized in mob violence against symbolized in mob violence against Thomas Hutchinson in Massachusetts in Thomas Hutchinson in Massachusetts in response to Stamp Act.response to Stamp Act.

• Sons of Liberty begin claiming that the Sons of Liberty begin claiming that the British have “enslaved” the colonists.British have “enslaved” the colonists.

• When war broke out in 1775 When war broke out in 1775 independence was not necessarily the independence was not necessarily the clear goal of the 1clear goal of the 1stst Continental Congress. Continental Congress.

American Revolution Highlights American Revolution Highlights (cont.)(cont.)

• Thomas Paine’s Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Common Sense articulates the concerns of the colonists.articulates the concerns of the colonists.

• Question of whether slaves should fight Question of whether slaves should fight and on which side is explored in Lord and on which side is explored in Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation and George Dunmore’s Proclamation and George Washington’s response. Washington’s response.

• Not all colonists were “revolutionaries.” Not all colonists were “revolutionaries.” Loyalists (loyal to British) like James Loyalists (loyal to British) like James Chalmers of Maryland form an important Chalmers of Maryland form an important dissenting voice to the revolutionary dissenting voice to the revolutionary discourse. discourse.

The Crises BeginsThe Crises Begins• Before the Seven Years War, Britain had Before the Seven Years War, Britain had

loosely tried to regulate the colonies’ loosely tried to regulate the colonies’ economy.economy.

• After the war London insisted that the After the war London insisted that the colonists play a subordinate role to the colonists play a subordinate role to the mother country to help pay for the mother country to help pay for the protection the British provided. protection the British provided.

• Members of the British Parliament had Members of the British Parliament had virtual representation.virtual representation.

• The colonists argued that London could The colonists argued that London could not tax them because they were not not tax them because they were not represented in Parliament. represented in Parliament.

Taxing the ColoniesTaxing the Colonies• The Sugar Act of 1764 and the revenue The Sugar Act of 1764 and the revenue

act threatened the profits of colonial act threatened the profits of colonial merchants.merchants.

• The Stamp Act of 1765 was a direct tax The Stamp Act of 1765 was a direct tax on printed materials. on printed materials.

• Opposition to the Stamp Act was the first Opposition to the Stamp Act was the first great drama of the revolutionary era.great drama of the revolutionary era.

• The Stamp Act Congress met in 1765 to The Stamp Act Congress met in 1765 to endorse the Virginia House of endorse the Virginia House of Burgesses’ resolutions. Patrick Henry Burgesses’ resolutions. Patrick Henry took leading role.took leading role.

Politics in the StreetsPolitics in the Streets

• The Sons of Liberty were organized to The Sons of Liberty were organized to resist the Stamp Act and enforce a resist the Stamp Act and enforce a boycott of British goods. boycott of British goods.

• London repealed the Stamp Act but London repealed the Stamp Act but replaced it with the Declaratory Act.replaced it with the Declaratory Act.

• Settlers also used “liberty” in regard to Settlers also used “liberty” in regard to land disputes. land disputes.

• Land disputes were behind the Land disputes were behind the creation of Vermont (Ethan Allen takes creation of Vermont (Ethan Allen takes lead role). lead role).

Road to RevolutionRoad to Revolution

• Townshend Act of 1767 imposed tax Townshend Act of 1767 imposed tax on imported goods.on imported goods.

• Led to boycott and “homespun virtue.” Led to boycott and “homespun virtue.”

• Boston Massacre 1770 – 5 colonists Boston Massacre 1770 – 5 colonists die including African American Crispus die including African American Crispus Attucks. Attucks.

• Tea Act, Intolerable Acts, and Quebec Tea Act, Intolerable Acts, and Quebec Act as figurative last straws for many. Act as figurative last straws for many.

Coming of IndependenceComing of Independence• Continental Congress organized in Philadelphia Continental Congress organized in Philadelphia

in 1774 to resist the Intolerable Acts.in 1774 to resist the Intolerable Acts.• Outbreak of war at Lexington and Concord.Outbreak of war at Lexington and Concord.

– Battle of Bunker Hill (British victory)Battle of Bunker Hill (British victory)– Second Continental Congress (elects Washington Second Continental Congress (elects Washington

as commander).as commander).– Early war went badly (colonists deserting, etc.)Early war went badly (colonists deserting, etc.)– Washington managed a surprise attack at Trenton Washington managed a surprise attack at Trenton

and Princeton.and Princeton.– Battle of Saratoga 1777 (victory for colonists and Battle of Saratoga 1777 (victory for colonists and

“turning point” of the war).“turning point” of the war).– French convinced to help the colonists. French convinced to help the colonists. – American troops surround general Cornwallis at American troops surround general Cornwallis at

Yorktown where he surrenders in October of 1781.Yorktown where he surrenders in October of 1781.– Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 (John Adams, Ben Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 (John Adams, Ben

Franklin, John Jay) Franklin, John Jay)

Supplemental NotesSupplemental Notes

More from the Revolution but not More from the Revolution but not necessarily from your readingnecessarily from your reading

BritainBritain AmericansAmericans

AdvantagesAdvantages ?? ??

DisadvantagesDisadvantages ?? ??

On the Eve of the On the Eve of the Revolution ?Revolution ?

LoyalistLoyalist

StrongholdStrongholdss

Washington’s HeadachesWashington’s Headaches

Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].

State/colony loyalties.

Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.

Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

Exports & Imports: 1768-Exports & Imports: 1768-17831783

Military StrategiesMilitary Strategies

Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].

Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]

Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.

The American

s

The British

Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.

Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.

“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.

Phase IPhase I:: The Northern The Northern CampaignCampaign[1775-1776][1775-1776]

Bunker Hill (June, 1775)Bunker Hill (June, 1775)

The British suffered over 40% casualties.

Phase IIPhase II::

NY & PANY & PA[1777-1778][1777-1778]

New York City in FlamesNew York City in Flames(1776)(1776)

Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the DelawareDelaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

Saratoga: Saratoga: “Turning “Turning Point”Point” of the War? of the War?

A modern-day re-enactment

Phase IIIPhase III:: The Southern The Southern Strategy Strategy [1780-1781][1780-1781]

Britain’s “Southern Britain’s “Southern Strategy”Strategy”

Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.

Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.

The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]

Good US General:Nathanial Greene

The Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown (1781)(1781)

Count de Rochambeau

AdmiralDe Grasse

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside Down!” Down!”

North America After theNorth America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783

WholesaleWholesalePricePriceIndex:Index:1770-1770-17891789

Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistFederalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds at the End of the Strongholds at the End of the

WarWar

Weaknesses of theWeaknesses of theArticles of Articles of

ConfederationConfederationA unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].

13 out of 13 to amend.

Representatives were frequently absent.

Could not tax or raise armies.

No executive or judicial branches.

State ConstitutionsState ConstitutionsRepublicanism.

Most had strong governors with veto power.

Most had bicameral legislatures.

Property required for voting.

Some had universal white male suffrage.

Most had bills of rights.

Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.

Occupational Composition of Occupational Composition of Several State AssembliesSeveral State Assemblies

in the 1780sin the 1780s

Indian Land Cessions:Indian Land Cessions:1768-17991768-1799

Disputed Territorial ClaimsDisputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain & the U. S.:Between Spain & the U. S.:

1783-17961783-1796

State Claims to Western State Claims to Western LandsLands

Land Ordinance of 1785Land Ordinance of 1785

Northwest Ordinance of Northwest Ordinance of 17871787

One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress!

Statehood achieved in three stages:

1. Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory.

2. When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners elect territorial legislature.

3. When population reached 60,000 elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

The United States in The United States in 17871787

American Exports, To & American Exports, To & From Britain: 1783-1789From Britain: 1783-1789

Annapolis Convention Annapolis Convention (1786)(1786)

12 representatives from 5 states[NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA]

GOAL address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states.

Not enough states were represented to make any real progress.

Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.

Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77

Daniel Shays

Western MA

Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.

Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77

Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77

There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders.

-- George Washington-- George Washington

Exit ticket and homeworkExit ticket and homework

• Your homework is to begin reading Your homework is to begin reading Chapter 5.Chapter 5.

• Remember at least 5 pages per Remember at least 5 pages per day!day!