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APUSH
REVIEWED!
1763-1775
American Pageant (Kennedy) Chapter 7 American History (Brinkley) Chapter 4 America’s History (Henretta) Chapter 5
ROAD TO THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Turning Point: 1763 • End of 7 Years War, England in debt, salutary neglect comes
to an end, Pontiacs Rebellion contributes to Proclamation Act of 1763, etc.
• King George III & Prime Minister George Grenville advocated for acts to increase revenue.
Colonial Responses • Virginia Resolves by Patrick Henry in House of Burgesses • Stamp Act Congress- reps from 9 colonies met to oppose British policies. move towards inter-colonial unity • Sons of Liberty: Secret organization that at times used violence to disrupt enforcement of the act
Consolidating Imperial Control • Sugar Act (1764) passed on sugar to raise revenue – Also stricter enforcement of
Navigation Acts & crackdown on smuggling (Violators be tried in Vice-admiralty courts)
• Quartering Act (1765) colonists required to provide food & housing for British soldiers
• Stamp Act (1765) placed a tax on a variety of legal documents & items
• Passed without consent of the colonial legislatures
• Boycotts (Nonimportation agreements) against British imports were the most effective form of resistance! – Parliament voted to repeal Stamp
Act • After the Stamp Act was repealed:
Declaratory Act (1766): England says they still have power over the colonies
• Charles Townshend becomes new chancellor of the exchequer & proposed his own revenue plan
• Townshend Act (1767): tax on imports such as paper, tea, glass, etc. – $ would be used to pay royal
officials in the colonies (previously paid by colonial assemblies)
– Could search private homes for goods by getting a writ of assistance (rather than a warrant)
• John Dickinson “Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania” argued “no taxation without representation” – England argues “virtual
representation” • Colonists created
nonimportation & non-consumption agreements – Boycott British goods – Daughters of Liberty
organized “spinning bees” • England was losing more money
than it was generating… • Townshend duties repealed in
1770
• Boston “Massacre” (1770): British troops open fire near the customs house killing 5 colonists – Paul Revere’s engraving
used as pro-colonial propaganda
– John Adams defends the British soldiers against murder charges
• Committees of Correspondence (1772) led by Samuel Adams were used to keep up communication & resistance to British policies
TEA TIME • Tea Act (1773): gave a
monopoly to the British East India Company – British tea was still
cheaper than smuggled tea
– Colonists still opposed the Tea Act- opposed the idea that Parliament could tax the colonies
• Boston Tea Party (1773): Members of the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston harbor – Some colonists resisted
the action: destruction of private property
Coercive Acts (1774) • Coercive Acts (1774):
– Boston port was closed until property was paid for
– Drastically reduced power of Mass. legislature & banned town hall meetings
– Quartering Act expanded – Royal officials accused of a
crime would be put on trial in England
• The colonists were outraged and called the Coercive Acts the Intolerable Acts
• Suffolk Resolves: boycott British goods until the Intolerable Acts were repealed
Boston Tea Party leads the British to pass the…
QUEBEC ACT (1774) • Extended the boundary of
Quebec into the Ohio Valley • Roman Catholicism
established as official religion • Government allowed to
operate without representative assembly or trial by jury
• Colonists claimed the land in the Ohio Valley was for them
• Protestant colonists not happy about Catholicism
• Will England try to take away representative government in the colonies?
1st Continental Congress (1774) • All colonies (except Georgia)
send representatives to meet in Philly in September 1774
• Wanted to repair their relationship with England – NOT calling for
Independence • Adopted the Declaration of
Rights & Grievances • Endorsed the Suffolk Resolves • Created the Association to
coordinate economic boycott • Started making military
preparations • Planned to meet again in May
1775
(In response to the Intolerable Acts)
• British troops led by Gen. Gage left Boston to seize colonial weapons & arrest Sam Adams & John Hancock
• Minutemen warned by Paul Revere & William Dawes
• “Shot heard round the world” as 8 colonists killed at Lexington (April 1775)
• Another battle took place at Concord
• Start of fighting of the American Revolution!
The Opening Shots: Lexington & Concord