APUSHMr. Weber

Activator 1. What do you think of our textbook?

How much did you read?

What did you like?

What did you not like so much?

What did you find difficult?

2. How many pages do you anticipate reading tonight?

Agenda Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes)

First Americans Lecture / Chapter Outline (20 minutes)

Columbus and De Las Casas reading (15 minutes)

European’s View of Native Americans – observing primary sources (20-30 minutes)

“Voices of Freedom” primary source analysis (30-45 minutes)

APPARTS primary source strategy (10 minutes)

Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)

Objective You all will…

Examine the transatlanic encounters between Europeans and American Indians, focusing on Spain’s empire and the Pueblo Revolt. (From CollegeBoard’s AP topic #2).

Analyze primary sources and record your observations in writing.

Give Me Liberty!Ch. 1 Presentation

(20-30 minutes)

I. First Americans

A. Arrival of Native Americans

- Gradual settlement across Americas

- Environmental change and rise of agriculture

B. Aztec and Inca Empires

I. First Americans (cont’d)C. North American Indians

Wide-ranging and evolving societies

Mississippi Valley

Ohio River Valley

Southwest

West Coast

Great Plains

Southeast

Northeast

Interrelations among Indian societies

Trade

Diplomacy

War

D. North American Indians

3. Distinguishing factors among Indian societies

Political organization

Religious beliefs

Language

Absence of shared identity

4. Common characteristics among Indian societies

Spiritual outlook

Place of ritual

Views on natural and supernatural

Views on secular and religious

Conceptions of property

Relative lack of material inequality

Systems of gender relations

5. European disdain for Indian customs and values

II. Indian freedom, European freedom

Indian conceptions of freedomBasis in collective belonging, self-determination, mutuality

Absence of basis in individual autonomy, private property

European incomprehension of

European conceptions of freedomChristian liberty

Freedom from sin

No freedom of religious choice

Freedom and inequality in early modern England

Emphasis on ordered, hierarchical society

Gender hierarchies

Class hierarchies

Unequal distribution of freedoms

III. Start of European expansion

Initial aims Commercial sea route to

Asia

Circumvention of Islamic middlemen

Eastward expansion Portugal’s exploration,

extension of trading empire

West Africa

Cape of Good Hope

India

Far East

Portugal’s colonization of Atlantic islands

Sugar plantations

Slaves from Africa

Slavery and Africa Traditional patterns of

African slavery

Acceleration of slave trade following European arrival

Westward expansion Voyages of Christopher

Columbus

Quest for westward route to Asia

Sponsorship of Spain

First Spanish presence in New World

Settlements at Hispaniola

Explorations by Amerigo Vespucci

First English and Portuguese presence in New World

John Cabot (Newfoundland)

Pedro Cabral (Brazil)

IV. Spanish conquest of New World

Motivations Acquisition of wealth

National glory

Spread of Catholicism

The Conquistadores Vasco Núňez de Balboa’s

expedition to Panama, the Pacific

Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition around the world

Hernán Cortés’s conquest of the Aztecs

Background on Aztec empire

Defeat, devastation, subjugation of the Aztecs

Francisco Pizarro’s conquest of the Incas

Background on Inca empire

Defeat, devastation, subjugation of the Incas

Demographic consequences

“Columbian exchange” of goods and people

Devastation of Indian population Breadth and

magnitude

Causes

War

Enslavement

Disease

Spanish conquistadores murdering Indians at Cuzco, in modern-day Peru. The Dutch-born engraver Theodor de Bry and his sons illustrated ten volumes about New World exploration published between 1590 and 1618. A Protestant, de Bry created vivid images that helped to spread the Black Legend of Spain as a uniquely cruel colonizer.

VI. The Spanish EmpireSpain and the Indians

Dual agenda of saving souls and exploiting labor

External restraints on brutalization of Indians

Pope Paul III’s ban on Indian enslavement

Bartolomé de las Casas’s Destruction of the Indies

Spanish reforms of colonist-Indian relations

Abolition of Indian enslavement

Abolition of encomienda system

Implementation of repartimiento system

Continuing abuse of Indians

Colonial labor system at end of sixteenth century Involuntary wage

labor by Indians

Slave labor by Africans

Emergence of Black Legend image of Spanish colonizers

Spanish explorations of North America Motivations

Riches

Strategic bases

Religious conversion

VI. The Spanish Empire

Spanish explorations of North America

2.Exploratory expeditions

Juan Ponce de Léon

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

Hernando de Soto

Cabeza de Vaca

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

3.Devastation of Indian communities

4.Establishment of Spanish settlements

In present-day Southeast

In present-day Southwest

VI. The Spanish EmpirePueblo Revolt

Sources of Pueblo resentment of colonial authorities Labor exploitation

Pressure to convert to Catholicism

Assault on Pueblo religious traditions

Failure to protect Pueblos from drought, external attacks

The 1680 Revolt Popé

Background

Leadership

Unity of Pueblo rebels

Defeat and ouster of Spanish colonizers

Pueblo Revolt

3. Aftermath of revolt

Eradication of Spanish cultural presence

Collapse of Pueblo unity

Return of Spanish colonial rule

Easing of colonial practices toward Pueblos

VII. The French and Dutch empires

Overall significance As part of Atlantic

rivalry with Spain

Modesty of, compared to Spanish empire

The French empire Initial aims

Initial obstacles

Establishment and scope of

Relations with Indians

Social and economic arrangements

Limits of growth

The Dutch empire Establishment and

scope of

Place within Dutch commercial empire

Conceptions of liberty and toleration

Social and economic arrangements

Limits of growth

Relations with Indians

European’s Thinking about Indigenous Peoples

Christopher Columbus: Rethinking

Schools, pp.89-102

Lies My Teacher Told Me, pp.38-39.

De Las Casas History of the

Indies

European’s View of Native Americans

What do you see?

(Write down only observations based on the document).

European’s View of Native Americans

Voices of Freedom Turn to pp.38-39 in Give Me Liberty!

In groups examine either Bartolome de Las Casas’ History of the Indies or Josephe’s “Declaration of Joseph.”

Answer the following questions: 1. Observation: What kind of document is it? What is the

title? Who is the author? When was it written? For what audience was it written?

2. Expression: What do you find interesting or important about this document? Is there a particular phrase or section you find particularly meaningful or surprising?

3. Connection: What does this document tell us about life at the time it was written? What ideas of freedom are apparent in the document?

Primary Source Strategy: APPARTS

Exit ticket

Homework Continue reading Give Me Liberty! Ch.1 pp.1-

40 due Tuesday.

Zinn reading questions.

Prepare for debate tomorrow.