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www.Apushreview.com. Everything You Need To Know About Henry Clay To Succeed In APUSH. APUSH Review: Henry Clay. Henry Clay Through The Ages. Life of Henry Clay. Married to Lucretia Hart Father to 11 children 6 daughters, 5 sons 7 children died before Henry 6 daughters, 1 son – Henry Jr. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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APUSH Review: Henry ClayEverything You Need To Know About
Henry Clay To Succeed In APUSH
www.Apushreview.com
Henry Clay Through The Ages
Life of Henry Clay
Married to Lucretia Hart Father to 11 children
6 daughters, 5 sons 7 children died before Henry
6 daughters, 1 son – Henry Jr. June 29, 1852: Henry died at the age
of 75 First person to lie in state at the
Capitol building
Early Political Life
Elected senator from KY at age 29 (That’s unconstitutional!) Why?
Served for the next 40+ years as a senator, Representative, and Secretary of State
Youngest Speaker of the House, elected in his first term (1812)
War of 1812 Prior to the war, Henry and some colleagues (most
notably John C. Calhoun) were “war hawks” What famous presidents make their name during the
War of 1812? Causes of war?
Impressment Britain did not respect US neutrality Chesapeake Incident Arming of Native Americans
Served as peacemaker during the Treaty of Ghent Ended the war No land gained or lost Britain finally leaves their ports
The Missouri (1820) Compromise In 1819, Missouri (from the LA Purchase) applied for
statehood as a slave state The problem? It would upset the slave/free balance
Along comes our hero! His solution???
MO added as a slave state ME (carved from them Massachusetts) would be added as
free 36°30’: (in the future) above: free, below: slave
Clay becomes overnight hero Tallmadge Amendment: introduced by Tallmadge to
eventually grant freedom to children of slaves: never passed, fear of slave restrictions
The election of 1824 James Monroe finished 8 years as President The Contenders:
Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams (Monroe’s Secretary of State) William Crawford (has a stroke prior to the
election) Henry Clay
The Outcome: Jackson wins popular vote, no one wins an
electoral majority Top 3 go to the House to vote (Sorry Henry!)
The “Corrupt Bargain of 1824” As Speaker of the House, Clay could decide election
If he finished in top 3, he would have been President Throws his support behind Adams
He disliked the “military chieftan” Jackson Adams made Clay his Secretary of State
(steppingstone to the Presidency) Jackson and his supporters are furious! Did Adams/Clay do anything “wrong?”
Legally, no Clay was the best person to be Secretary of State (may
have been Jackson’s as well) Per the Constitution, the House gets to decide the
presidency under those conditions
Impact of “Corrupt Bargain” Adams’ and Clay’s legacies are
tarnished All but guarantees Jackson the
presidency in 1828 “Bargain” would haunt Clay forever Jackson v. Clay for remainder of their
lives Jackson said on his deathbed one of his
biggest regrets was not shooting Henry Clay
High Tariffs “Tariff of Abominations” (Tariff of 1828)
Designed to hurt Adams’ presidency Raised tariff rates sky-high
Which area of the country would like the tariff? Which area(s) would dislike it?
South Carolina, led by Jackson’s vice-president, Calhoun leads protest against the tariff South Carolina Exposition and Protest Inspired by Jefferson’s and Madison’s VA and KY
Resolutions, Calhoun urged SC to nullify the tariff
Tariff of 1832
Like the tariff of Abominations, high tariff rates
Without question, Civil War looked imminent
Henry Clay saves the day again (to Jackson’s dismay)
Compromise #2……. Tariff Compromise of 1833
The tariff rate would lower 10% a year for the next 8 years
North and South walk away feeling victorious
Jackson signs the “Force Bill” or “Bloody Bill” Allows the president to use military to collect
tariffs in the future As a sign of defiance, SC nullifies the law,
but it was only symbolic
Election of 1832 (Failure #2) Henry v. Andrew At the center of the election: The BUS
Jackson hated BUS, vetoed recharter – set to expire in 1836
Clay favored BUS and its president, Nicholas Biddle
Jackson withdraws all money from BUS, places money in state “pet” banks -> helps lead to Panic of 1837 during MVB’s presidency
Clay loses the election 219-49
Election of 1844 (Failure #3) Clay’s best chance to win By far most popular man in the country
(Jackson would die within a year) Texas would join the Union AFTER the election Prior to and during the election, TX was a huge
debate Polk (Democratic “dark-horse” and Jackson protégé
was in favor of adding), Clay on the fence about it (TX would be a slave state)
Manifest Destiny began sweeping the nation, Polk was in favor of expansion
Polk wins in an upset, Jackson loved life
Mexican American War
War begins after Polk claimed Americans were attacked on American soil
Land was in dispute Some in Congress wanted to know exact
“Spot”▪ Lincoln (who idolized Clay)
War lasts for 2 years, Clay vehemently against
Son Henry Clay Jr. killed by Mexican bayonets at the Battle of Buena Vista
Impact of Mexican-American War Further sets off slavery debate What to do with all this new land?
Wilmot Proviso and Free-Soilers favored NON-EXTENSION of slavery into these territories
Enter Clay one last time, at age 73 no less! I looked like
this then!
Compromise of 1850 (Our hero’s 3rd, and most important Compromise)
Southerners wanted all land in Mexican Cession open to slavery, North against it
CA applied for admission as a free state (would tip balance in favor of free, 16-15)
How to make South AND North happy? 5 parts, voted on separately made up the
Compromise Stephen Douglas (Lincoln-Douglas
debates), Senator from IL, also helped play a huge role in the Compromise
5 Parts
Strict Fugitive Slave Law Popular Sovereignty in Mexican
Cession California admitted as a free state Abolition of slave trade in D.C. Texas paid $ to settle boundary
dispute
Impact of Compromise
Avoids Civil War for the next 10 years
Increase tensions over fugitive slave law North passes “personal liberty laws” In a sense, the North was nullifying the
fugitive slave law Rise of Stephen Douglas as a leading
politician Calhoun, Jackson, Webster, Clay pass
the torch to a new generation of politicians
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