AQA Unit 1 Chemistry Past paper from June 2009

(JUN09CHEM101)APW/Jun09/CHEM1 CHEM1

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General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary ExaminationJune 2009

Time allowed� 1 hour 15 minutes

Instructions� Use black ink or black ball-point pen.� Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.� Answer all questions.� You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written

in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.� All working must be shown.� Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work that you do not

want to be marked.� The Periodic Table/Data Sheet is provided as an insert.

Information� The marks for questions are shown in brackets.� The maximum mark for this paper is 70.� Your answers to the questions in Section B should be written in

continuous prose, where appropriate.� You will be marked on your ability to:

– use good English– organise information clearly– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.

Advice� You are advised to spend about 50 minutes on Section A and about

25 minutes on Section B.

For this paper you must have:� the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert

(enclosed)� a calculator.

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2

3

4

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Chemistry CHEM1

Unit 1 Foundation Chemistry

Wednesday 3 June 2009 9.00 am to 10.15 am

SECTION A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

APW/Jun09/CHEM1

2 Areas outsidethe box will

not be scannedfor marking

1 (a) Complete the electronic configuration for the sodium ion, Na+

ls2 ........................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

1 (b) (i) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process for which theenergy change is the second ionisation energy of sodium.

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

1 (b) (ii) Explain why the second ionisation energy of sodium is greater than the secondionisation energy of magnesium.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

1 (b) (iii) An element X in Period 3 of the Periodic Table has the following successiveionisation energies.

First Second Third Fourth

Ionisation energies /577 1820 2740 11600

kJ mol–1

Deduce the identity of element X.

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

(02)

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APW/Jun09/CHEM1(03)



1 (c) State and explain the trend in atomic radius of the Period 3 elements from sodium tochlorine.

Trend ..................................................................................................................................

Explanation .........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

1 (d) Explain why sodium has a lower melting point than magnesium.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

1 (e) Sodium reacts with ammonia to form the compound NaNH2 which contains the NH2

– ion. Draw the shape of the NH2– ion, including any lone pairs of electrons.

Name the shape made by the three atoms in the NH2– ion.

Shape of NH2–

Name of shape ....................................................................................................................(2 marks)

1 (f) In terms of its electronic configuration, give one reason why neon does not formcompounds with sodium.

.............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

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2 Under suitable conditions magnesium will react with dilute nitric acid according to thefollowing equation.

Mg(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)

A 0.0732 g sample of magnesium was added to 36.4 cm3 of 0.265 mol dm–3 nitric acid. Theacid was in excess.

2 (a) (i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of magnesium in the 0.0732 g sample.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

2 (a) (ii) Hence calculate the amount, in moles, of nitric acid needed to react completelywith this sample of magnesium.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

2 (a) (iii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of nitric acid originally added to this sample ofmagnesium.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

2 (a) (iv) Hence calculate the amount, in moles, of nitric acid that remains unreacted.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)



Turn over �

APW/Jun09/CHEM1(05)

2 (b) In a second experiment, 0.512 mol of hydrogen gas was produced when anothersample of magnesium reacted with dilute nitric acid. Calculate the volume that thisgas would occupy at 298 K and 96 kPa. Include units in your final answer.(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

2 (c) Concentrated nitric acid reacts with magnesium to form an oxide of nitrogen whichcontains 30.4% by mass of nitrogen.

Calculate the empirical formula of this oxide of nitrogen. Show your working.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

Turn over for the next question

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(06)

3 (a) Two organic compounds with similar relative molecular masses are shown below.

3 (a) (i) State the type of bond present between the C and H atoms in both of thesemolecules. Explain how this type of bond is formed.

Type of bond .............................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

3 (a) (ii) State the strongest type of intermolecular force present in each compound.

Liquid ethanol ..........................................................................................................

Liquid propane .........................................................................................................(2 marks)

3 (b) Ethanol dissolves in water. Draw a diagram to show how one molecule of ethanolinteracts with one molecule of water in the solution. Include partial charges and alllone pairs. The ethanol molecule has been drawn for you.

(3 marks)

H C

H H H

Ethanol

H

C

H

O H C

H H

Propane

H

C C

H

H

H

H

H C

H H H

H

C

H

O



Turn over �

APW/Jun09/CHEM1(07)

3 (c) Ethanol was the fuel used in the first mass-produced car, the Model T Ford.

3 (c) (i) Write an equation which shows how ethanol burns completely in air to formcarbon dioxide and water as the only products.

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

3 (c) (ii) Suggest one environmental problem caused by incomplete combustion of ethanolin a car engine.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

3 (c) (iii) Suggest one economic problem for the car user caused by incompletecombustion of ethanol in the car engine.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

3 (d) Propane is also used as a fuel, although sometimes it can be contaminated with sulfur-containing impurities. When this propane burns, these impurities form sulfurdioxide.

3 (d) (i) State how the sulfur dioxide can be removed from the waste gases producedwhen this propane is burned on a large scale in industry. Suggest a reason whythe method you have stated may not be 100% efficient.

How removed ...........................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

Reason for less than 100% efficiency .....................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

3 (d) (ii) Although propane has a boiling point of –42 °C, it is usually supplied as a liquidfor use in camping stoves. Suggest why it is supplied as a liquid.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

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(08)

4 Hexane is a member of the homologous series of alkanes.

4 (a) State two characteristics of a homologous series.

Characteristic 1 ...................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Characteristic 2 ...................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

4 (b) (i) Hexane can be converted into 2,2-dichlorohexane.

Draw the displayed formula of 2,2-dichlorohexane and deduce its empiricalformula.

Displayed formula

Empirical formula ....................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

4 (b) (ii) Explain why 2,2-dichloro-3-methylpentane is a structural isomer of2,2-dichlorohexane.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)



Turn over �

APW/Jun09/CHEM1(09)

4 (c) A reaction of hexane with chlorine is shown by the equation below.

C6H14 + 2Cl2 → C6H12Cl2 + 2HCl

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the formation of C6H12Cl2 in this reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

4 (d) The boiling points of some straight-chain alkanes are shown below.

Alkane C4H10 C5H12 C6H14

Boiling point / °C –0.5 36.3 68.7

4 (d) (i) Explain the trend in these boiling points.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

4 (d) (ii) Name a process which can be used to separate C5H12 from C6H14

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

11

APW/Jun09/CHEM1



(10)

SECTION B

Answer Question 5 in the spaces provided.

5 (a) (i) Define the term relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

5 (a) (ii) A sample of the metal silver has the relative atomic mass of 107.9 and exists astwo isotopes. In this sample, 54.0% of the silver atoms are one isotope with arelative mass of 107.1

Calculate the relative mass of the other silver isotope.

State why the isotopes of silver have identical chemical properties.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(4 marks)



Turn over �

APW/Jun09/CHEM1(11)

5 (b) The isotopes of silver, when vaporised, can be separated in a mass spectrometer.

Name the three processes that occur in a mass spectrometer before the vaporisedisotopes can be detected.

State how each process is achieved.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

Question 5 continues on the next page

APW/Jun09/CHEM1



(12)

5 (c) State the type of bonding involved in silver.

Draw a diagram to show how the particles are arranged in a silver lattice and show thecharges on the particles.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)



APW/Jun09/CHEM1(13)

5 (d) Silver reacts with fluorine to form silver fluoride (AgF).

Silver fluoride has a high melting point and has a structure similar to that of sodiumchloride.

State the type of bonding involved in silver fluoride.

Draw a diagram to show how the particles are arranged in a silver fluoride lattice andshow the charges on the particles.

Explain why the melting point of silver fluoride is high.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(5 marks)

END OF QUESTIONS

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There are no questions printed on this page

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGEANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

APW/Jun09/CHEM1(15)

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Copyright © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

INSERT TO/APW/Jun09/CHEM1

Tabl

e 2

1 H n

.m.r.

che

mic

al s

hift

dat

a

Typ

e of

pro

ton

δ/pp

m

RO

H0.

5 –

5.0

RC

H3

0.7

– 1.

2

RN

H2

1.0

– 4.

5

R2C

H2

1.2

– 1.

4

R3C

H1.

4 –

1.6

RC

H2C

l or

Br

3.1

– 4.

2

RC

C2.

1– 2

.6

HO

RO

C3.

1 –

3.9

H

R4.

5 –

6.0

CH

C

O

RC

O3.

7 –

4.1

C H

9.0

– 10

.0R

OC

H

10.0

– 1

2.0

RO O

C

H

RC

C20

– 5

0

O

CC

5 –

40

OC

50 –

90

alco

hols

,et

hers

or

este

rs

RC O

160

– 18

5es

ters

or

acid

s

RC O

190

– 22

0al

dehy

des

or k

eton

es

Cl o

r B

rR

C10

– 7

0

NR

C25

– 6

0

90 –

150

CC

Tabl

e 3

13C

n.m

.r. c

hem

ical

shi

ft d

ata

Typ

e of

car

bon

δ

/ppm

CR

N11

0 –

125

110

– 16

0

Tabl

e 1

Infr

ared

abs

orpt

ion

data

Bon

dW

aven

umbe

r/c

m–1

N

H33

00 –

350

0(a

min

es)

O

H32

30 –

355

0(a

lcoh

ols)

C

H28

50 –

330

0

O

H25

00 –

300

0(a

cids

)

C

N22

20 –

226

0

C

O16

80 –

175

0

C

C16

20 –

168

0

C

O10

00 –

130

0

C

C 7

50 –

110

0

GC

E C

hem

istr

y D

ata

Sh

eet

1.0 H

hyd

rog

en

1

4.0 He

heliu

m

2

10

.8 Bb

oro

n

5

12

.0 Ccarb

on

6

14

.0 Nnitro

gen

7

16

.0 Oo

xyg

en

8

19

.0 Ffluo

rine

9

20

.2N

eneo

n

10

27

.0 Al

alu

min

ium

13

28

.1 Si

sili

co

n

14

31

.0 Pp

ho

sp

ho

rus

15

32

.1 Ssulfur

16

35

.5C

lchlo

rine

17

39

.9A

rarg

on

18

6.9 Li

lithiu

m

3

9.0 Be

bery

llium

4

1

2

3 4

5 6

7 0

* 58

– 7

1 L

an

than

ides

† 9

0 –

103

Actin

ides

rela

tive a

tom

ic m

ass

sym

bo

lnam

e

ato

mic

(p

roto

n)

nu

mb

er

The

Per

iod

ic T

able

of

the

Ele

men

ts

23

.0N

aso

diu

m

11

39

.1 Kp

ota

ssiu

m

19

40

.1C

acalc

ium

20

45

.0S

cscand

ium

21

47

.9 Ti

tita

niu

m

22

50

.9 Vvanad

ium

23

52

.0C

rchro

miu

m

24

54

.9M

nm

an

gan

ese

25

55

.8Fe iro

n

26

58

.9C

oco

balt

27

58

.7N

inic

kel

28

63

.5C

uco

pp

er

29

65

.4Z

nzin

c

30

69

.7G

ag

alli

um

31

72

.6G

eg

erm

an

ium

32

74

.9A

sars

enic

33

79

.0S

esele

niu

m

34

79

.9B

rb

rom

ine

35

83

.8K

rkry

pto

n

36

85

.5R

bru

bid

ium

37

87

.6S

rstr

ontium

38

88

.9 Yytt

rium

39

91

.2Z

rzirco

niu

m

40

92

.9N

bnio

biu

m

41

96

.0M

om

oly

bd

enu

m

42

[98

]Tc

tech

netiu

m

43

10

1.1

Ru

ruth

eniu

m

44

10

2.9

Rh

rho

diu

m

45

10

6.4

Pd

palla

diu

m

46

10

7.9

Ag

silv

er

47

11

2.4

Cd

cad

miu

m

48

11

4.8

Inin

diu

m

49

11

8.7

Sn

tin

50

12

1.8

Sb

antim

ony

51

12

7.6

Tete

llurium

52

12

6.9 I

iod

ine

53

13

1.3

Xe

xeno

n

54

13

2.9

Cs

caesiu

m

55

13

7.3

Ba

barium

56

13

8.9

La *

lanth

anum

57

17

8.5

Hf

hafn

ium

72

18

0.9

Tata

nta

lum

73

18

3.8

Wtu

ng

ste

n

74

18

6.2

Re

rheniu

m

75

19

0.2

Os

osm

ium

76

19

2.2

Iririd

ium

77

19

5.1

Pt

pla

tinum

78

19

7.0

Au

go

ld

79

20

0.6

Hg

merc

ury

80

20

4.4

Tl

thalli

um

81

20

7.2

Pb

lead

82

20

9.0

Bi

bis

muth

83

[20

9]

Po

po

loniu

m

84

[21

0]

At

asta

tine

85

[22

2]

Rn

rad

on

86

[22

3]

Frfr

anciu

m

87

[22

6]

Ra

rad

ium

88

[22

7]

Ac

†actiniu

m

89

14

0.1

Ce

cerium

58

14

0.9

Pr

pras

eody

miu

m

59

14

4.2

Nd

neo

dym

ium

60

[14

5]

Pm

pro

meth

ium

61

15

0.4

Sm

sam

arium

62

15

2.0

Eu

euro

piu

m

63

15

7.3

Gd

gad

olin

ium

64

15

8.9

Tb

terb

ium

65

16

2.5

Dy

dysp

rosiu

m

66

16

4.9

Ho

ho

lmiu

m

67

16

7.3

Er

erb

ium

68

16

8.9

Tm

thuliu

m

69

17

3.1

Yb

ytt

erb

ium

70

17

5.0

Lulu

tetium

71

23

2.0

Th

tho

rium

90

23

1.0

Pa

pro

tactiniu

m

91

23

8.0

Uura

niu

m

92

[23

7]

Np

nep

tuniu

m

93

[24

4]

Pu

plu

toniu

m

94

[24

3]

Am

am

ericiu

m

95

[24

7]

Cm

curium

96

[24

7]

Bk

berk

eliu

m

97

[25

1]

Cf

calif

orn

ium

98

[25

2]

Es

ein

ste

iniu

m

99

[25

7]

Fmfe

rmiu

m

10

0

[25

8]

Md

men

del

eviu

m

10

1

[25

9]

No

no

beliu

m

10

2

[26

2]

Lrla

wre

nciu

m

10

3

24

.3M

gm

ag

nesiu

m

12

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(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

Key

[26

7]

Rf

ruth

erfo

rdiu

m

10

4

[26

8]

Db

dub

niu

m

10

5

[27

1]

Sg

seab

org

ium

10

6

[27

2]

Bh

bo

hrium

10

7

[27

0]

Hs

hassiu

m

10

8

[27

6]

Mt

meitnerium

10

9

[28

1]

Ds

darm

stad

tium

11

0

[28

0]

Rg

roentg

eniu

m

11

1

Ele

men

ts w

ith a

tom

ic n

umb

ers

112-

116

have

bee

n re

por

ted

but

not

fully

aut

hent

icat

ed

Documents

AQA Unit 1 Chemistry Past paper from June 2009