Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Electrolyte- a substance whose aqueous

solutions contain ions.

Nonelectrolyte- a substance that does not

form ions in solution.

When an ionic compound such as NaCl

dissolves in water, each ion separates from

the solid structure and disperses throughout

the solution.

When molecular compounds dissolve in

water, the solution consists of intact

molecules dispersed throughout the

solution.

In precipitation reactions, an precipitate is

formed when two compounds are mixed.

The solubility rules are shown in Table 4.1 of

your text book. They determine when and

what precipitate is formed when aqueous

solutions are mixed.

Will a Precipitate Form?

Write the balanced molecular and net ionic

equation for the following reaction:

barium chloride + sodium sulfate

When writing chemical equations for reactions in aqueous solutions, an equationwritten in the following form is a complete ionic equation.2Al(s) + 6H+ + 6Br- 2Al3+(aq) + 6Br-(aq) +3H2(g)

Ions that appear in identical forms on bothsides of the reaction arrow are spectator ions.

If you leave the spectator ions out of the previousreaction, the net ionic equation is:

2Al(s) + 6H+(aq) 2Al3+(aq) +3H2(g)

Acid and Bases

Acids and bases that are strong electrolytes

are called strong acids and strong bases.

Those that are weak electrolytes are called

weak acids and bases. Table 4.2 in your

book lists the strong acids and bases.

Summary of Electrolytic Behavior of Common Soluble Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Strong Weak Nonelectrolyte

Ionic All None None

Molecular Strong Weak All other

Acids Acids/Bases compounds