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AqueousReactions
Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
CDO High School
AqueousReactions
Solute and solvent
Solute: the substance that is dissolved in another substance
Solvent: the substance that something is dissolved into it
AqueousReactions
Concentrated vs Dilute Concentration: refers to how much solute is dissolved
in the solvent
Concentrated: solutions with a large amount of solute dissolved in solvent
Dilute: solutions with a small amount of solute dissolved the solvent
AqueousReactions
Molarity Two solutions can contain the same compounds
but be quite different because the proportions of those compounds are different.
Molarity is one way to measure the concentration of a solution.
moles of solute
volume of solution in litersMolarity (M) =
AqueousReactions
Units of Molarity2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl
1 L HCl solution
6.0 M HCl = 6.0 moles HCl
1 L HCl solution
5LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Molarity CalculationNaOH is used to remove potato peels commercially.
If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500. mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution?
6LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Calculating Molarity
1) 4.0 g NaOH ÷ 40.0 g/mol NaOH = 0.10 mole NaOH
2) 500. mL x 1 L _ = 0.500 L
1000 mL
3) 0.10 mole NaOH = 0.20 mole NaOH = 0.20 M NaOH
0.500 L 1 L
7LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Learning Check M1
A KOH solution with a volume of 400 mL contains 2 mole KOH. What is the molarity of the solution?
8LecturePLUS Timberlake
Dra
no
AqueousReactions
Learning Check M2
A glucose solution with a volume of 2.0 L contains 72 g glucose (C6H12O6). If glucose has a molar mass of 180. g/mole, what is the molarity of the glucose solution?
9LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Learning Check M3 Stomach acid is a 0.10 M HCl solution. How many
moles of HCl are in 1500 mL of stomach acid solution?
10LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Learning Check M4
How many grams of KCl are present in 2.5 L of 0.50 M KCl?
11LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Solution M4
3)
2.5 L x 0.50 mole x 74.6 g KCl = 93 g KCl
1 L 1 mole KCl
12LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Learning Check M5
How many milliliters of stomach acid, which is 0.10 M HCl, contain 0.15 mole HCl?
13LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Learning Check M6How many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 400. mL of 3.0 M NaOH solution?
14LecturePLUS Timberlake
AqueousReactions
Solution Stoichiometry The majority of work in research and industry involves
solutions. Recall that solutions are easy to handle and are usually easier to control in reactions.
Solution stoichiometry – the procedure for calculating the molar concentration or volume of solution products or reactants
AqueousReactions
MoleA
(mol)
MoleB
(mol)
MassA
(g)
MassB
(g)
VolumeB
(L)
MolarityB
(M)
VolumeA
(L)
MolarityA
(M)
X Mole Ratio
X Mole RatioX
Mo
lar
Ma
ss
÷ M
ola
r M
as
s
÷ M
ola
r M
as
s
X M
ola
r M
as
s
X Molarity A X Molarity
B÷ Molarity B
÷ Molarity A
X Volume AX Volume B
÷ Volume A÷ Volume B
AqueousReactions
Example #1 Ammonia and phosphoric acid solutions are used to
produce ammonium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer. What volume of 14.8 M NH3(aq) is needed to react with 1000 L of 12.9 M of H3PO4(aq)?
2NH3(aq) + H3PO4(aq) (NH4)2HPO4(aq)
1000 L x 12.9 mol x 2mol ÷ 14.8 mol/L = 1740 L
1 L 1mol
AqueousReactions
Example #2 In an experiment, .01000 L sample of sulfuric acid solution reacts
completely with 0.0159 L of 0.150 M potassium hydroxide. Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid.
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) 2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq)
0.0159 L x 0.150 mol x 1mol x 1 = 0.119 mol/L
1 L 2 mol 0.0100 L
AqueousReactions
Example #3 How many grams of silver chromate will form when 120 mL of
0.500 M silver nitrate are added to potassium chromate?
2 AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) Ag2CrO4(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)
AqueousReactions
Example #4 If you mix 200 ml of 0.100 M Pb(NO3)2 and 300 ml of 0.200 M
MgCl2, how much PbCl2 precipitate will you form?
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2MgCl2(aq) PbCl2(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)