A&R LAB#07 NASIR WAQAR KHALID (IM-019)
Pneumatic systems:-Pneumatic systems, that are used extensively
in industry, and factories, are commonly plumbed with compressed
air or compressed inert gases. This is because a centrally located
and electrically powered compressor, that powers cylinders and
other pneumatic devices through solenoid valves, can often provide
motive power in a cheaper, safer, more flexible, and more reliable
way than a large number of electric motors and actuators.
Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction,
mining, and other areas.
components of pneumatic systems and examples:- Air brakes on
buses and trucks Air brakes on trains Air compressors Air engines
for pneumatically powered vehicles Compressed-air engine and
compressed-air vehicles HVAC control systems Exercise machines
Pneumatic actuator Pneumatic air guns Pneumatic bladder Pneumatic
cylinder Pneumatic Launchers, a type of spud gun Pneumatic mail
systems Pneumatic motor Pneumatic tire Pressure regulator Pressure
sensor Pressure switch Vacuum pump.Types:-Although pneumatic
cylinders will vary in appearance, size and function, they
generally fall into one of the specific categories shown below.
However there are also numerous other types of pneumatic cylinder
available, many of which are designed to fulfill specific and
specialized functions.Single-acting cylinders:-Single-acting
cylinders (SAC) use the pressure imparted by compressed air to
create a driving force in one direction (usually out), and a spring
to return to the "home" position. More often than not, this type of
cylinder has limited extension due to the space the compressed
spring takes up. Another downside to SACs is that part of the force
produced by the cylinder is lost as it tries to push against the
spring.
Double-acting cylinders:-Double-acting cylinders (DAC) use the
force of air to move in both extends and retract strokes. They have
two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and one for in stroke.
Stroke length for this design is not limited; however, the piston
rod is more vulnerable to buckling and bending. Additional
calculations should be performed as well.
Pneumatic logic:-Pneumatic logic systems (sometimes called air
logic control) are often used to control industrial processes,
consisting of primary logic units such as: And Units Or Units
'Relay or Booster' Units Latching Units 'Timer' Units Sorteberg
relay Fluidics amplifiers with no moving parts other than the air
itselfPneumatic logic is a reliable and functional control method
for industrial processes. In recent years, these systems have
largely been replaced by analog electronic or digital control
systems in new installations because of the smaller size, lower
cost, greater precision, and more powerful features of digital
controls. Many pneumatic devices are still used in processes,
however, where the advantages of digital controls are outweighed by
such considerations as: The cost of upgrading an entire system from
pneumatic to digital control is prohibitive Safety might be
compromised (e.g., potential sparks near explosive gases)
Compressed air is the most viable energy source available.
Y4015-50 Pneumatic Actuator Y-Type Control valve .
LAB TASK CIRCUIT:-
