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Arab-Israeli Conflict—Arab-Israeli Conflict—2020thth Century Century
Mrs. Ann WeeksMrs. Ann Weeks
Modern World HistoryModern World History
Essential Question: Essential Question:
How did Britain’s actions in Palestine after
1918 lay the groundwork for the on-going conflict between the Jews and the Arabs
in the Middle East today?
How did Britain’s actions in Palestine after
1918 lay the groundwork for the on-going conflict between the Jews and the Arabs
in the Middle East today?
Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 In 1920, there
was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine.
By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew.
In 1920, there
was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine.
By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew.
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”
British White Paper of 1939
British White Paper of 1939 Limited Jewish
immigration toPalestine to 75,000 over the next five years.
It ended Jewish landpurchases.
Independence forPalestine within 10 years.
It is NOT British policythat Palestine become aJewish state.
Limited Jewish immigration toPalestine to 75,000 over the next five years.
It ended Jewish landpurchases.
Independence forPalestine within 10 years.
It is NOT British policythat Palestine become aJewish state.
The “Jewish Brigade” of the
British Army During WW2
The “Jewish Brigade” of the
British Army During WW2
The Nazi HolocaustThe Nazi Holocaust
6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]
6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]
Israel Becomes a Nation:
May 14, 1948
Israel Becomes a Nation:
May 14, 1948
David Ben-Gurion,
1st Prime Minister
David Ben-Gurion,
1st Prime Minister
Chaim Weizmann,
1st President
Chaim Weizmann,
1st President
Arab Refugees, 1948Arab Refugees, 1948
The Palestinian Diaspora begins!The Palestinian Diaspora begins!
Causes of 6-Day WarCauses of 6-Day War
1. Growing nationalism1. Growing nationalism
2. Arms buildup2. Arms buildup
3. Nasser’s order to evacuate UB 3. Nasser’s order to evacuate UB peacekeeping troops from Sinai Peninsulapeacekeeping troops from Sinai Peninsula
4. Nasser closed Suez Canal to Israeli 4. Nasser closed Suez Canal to Israeli shippingshipping
5. LBJ: Diplomacy5. LBJ: Diplomacy
6. Israel: NO! Does not work!6. Israel: NO! Does not work!
6-Day War6-Day War
1. Surprise attack: Israel destroys Syrian 1. Surprise attack: Israel destroys Syrian & Egyptian air forces& Egyptian air forces2. Israeli tanks to Suez Canal2. Israeli tanks to Suez Canal3. Took West Bank, Old City of Jerusalem 3. Took West Bank, Old City of Jerusalem from Jordanfrom Jordan4. Egypt & Jordan want UN ceasefire4. Egypt & Jordan want UN ceasefire5. Israel bombed US ship—34 US sailors 5. Israel bombed US ship—34 US sailors deaddead6. Israel took Golan Heights from Syria 6. Israel took Golan Heights from Syria
US vs. USSRUS vs. USSR
US & USSR provide weapons and US & USSR provide weapons and technical support to Israel & Arab statestechnical support to Israel & Arab states
Arab-Israeli competition make future wars Arab-Israeli competition make future wars inevitableinevitable
US & USSR willing to help their alliesUS & USSR willing to help their allies
SadatSadat
President of EgyptPresident of Egypt
Goal: Return of Sinai PeninsulaGoal: Return of Sinai Peninsula
War with Israel: 2 Front OffensiveWar with Israel: 2 Front Offensive
Egypt took SinaiEgypt took Sinai
Syrians took GolanSyrians took Golan
Israel regrouped: Wedge b/ Egypt & Sinai Israel regrouped: Wedge b/ Egypt & Sinai & retook Golan Heights & retook Golan Heights
Cold War PoliticsCold War Politics
US commitment—boiling pointUS commitment—boiling point
Golda Meir asked Nixon for aid: 1 m. Golda Meir asked Nixon for aid: 1 m. tons/daytons/day
USSR sent $ & aid, promised troopsUSSR sent $ & aid, promised troops
Nixon: US military on alert to warn Nixon: US military on alert to warn Russians to stop interfering Russians to stop interfering
OIL: BARGAINING CHIPOIL: BARGAINING CHIP
Oil Embargo against USA of 1973Oil Embargo against USA of 1973World oil prices doubled to $17.00/barrlWorld oil prices doubled to $17.00/barrlUS imports doubledUS imports doubledOPEC raised prices & cut productionOPEC raised prices & cut productionDramatic impact on world economyDramatic impact on world economyGasoline prices jumped 40%Gasoline prices jumped 40%US economic output dropped 6%US economic output dropped 6%Kissinger: shuttle diplomacyKissinger: shuttle diplomacy3/1974: King Faisal Ibn Saud called off 3/1974: King Faisal Ibn Saud called off embargoembargo
Camp David AccordsCamp David Accords
Peace TalksPeace Talks
President Carter: USAPresident Carter: USA
President Sadat: EgyptPresident Sadat: Egypt
Prime Minister Begin: IsraelPrime Minister Begin: Israel
Camp David, MDCamp David, MD
ResultsResults
Return of SinaiReturn of SinaiEgypt recognition of IsraelEgypt recognition of IsraelUS: $3m to Israel, 1.5m to EgyptUS: $3m to Israel, 1.5m to EgyptForeign aid continuesForeign aid continuesNo mention of refugeesNo mention of refugeesEgypt expelled from Arab League(1945)Egypt expelled from Arab League(1945)Sadat assassinated by Republican Sadat assassinated by Republican Guard--bodyguardsGuard--bodyguards
Affect on US policy in MEAffect on US policy in ME
Egypt in US campEgypt in US camp
Syria & Iraq in Soviet campSyria & Iraq in Soviet camp
US: close ties with Turkey, Saudi Arabia, US: close ties with Turkey, Saudi Arabia, IranIran
Foreign aid to TurkeyForeign aid to Turkey
Investment in Saudi ArabiaInvestment in Saudi Arabia
Camp David Accords (1979)
Camp David Accords (1979)
President President Prime MinisterAnwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S. Of Israel
ISSUES OF AICISSUES OF AIC
1. LAND1. LAND
Golan Heights—SyriaGolan Heights—Syria
Gaza—Palestinians Gaza—Palestinians
Sinai Peninsula—EgyptSinai Peninsula—Egypt
West Bank—JordanWest Bank—Jordan
Issues of AICIssues of AIC
2. Refugees2. Refugees
Right of ReturnRight of Return
3. Jerusalem3. Jerusalem
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Via DolorosaVia Dolorosa
Muslim QuarterMuslim QuarterThe Via Dolorosa is a The Via Dolorosa is a street that crosses the street that crosses the Muslim Quarter from east Muslim Quarter from east to west. It is revered by to west. It is revered by Christian pilgrims as the Christian pilgrims as the route taken by Jesus as route taken by Jesus as he was led to his he was led to his crucifixion, and is the crucifixion, and is the setting for religious setting for religious processions. processions.
Dome of the RockDome of the Rock
Built in the 7th Built in the 7th century, this beautiful century, this beautiful blue-and-gold shrine blue-and-gold shrine houses the rock from houses the rock from which the Prophet which the Prophet took his Night took his Night Journey into heaven. Journey into heaven. The rock is also The rock is also associated with associated with Abraham's near-Abraham's near-sacrifice of Isaac. sacrifice of Isaac.
Chapel of the AscensionChapel of the Ascension
Chapel of the AscensionChapel of the AscensionBoth a Christian and Both a Christian and Muslim holy site, this Muslim holy site, this Crusader-era chapel Crusader-era chapel marks the spot where marks the spot where Jesus ascended into Jesus ascended into heaven after his heaven after his resurrection. His footprint resurrection. His footprint is imprinted in the floor is imprinted in the floor