Arabic Grammar in English- Arabic Grammar for the Holy Qur'Aan

8/8/2019 Arabic Grammar in English- Arabic Grammar for the Holy Qur'Aan

1/45

Arabic Grammar for the Holy Quran

Al-Qaem InstituteImam Mahdi Association of Marjaeya (I.M.A.M.)

nted by www.ziaraat.com


2/45

Table of Contents:

Part I: LETTERS1. The Arabic Aphabet 42. Vowels 5

3. Other Accents 8

Part II: NOUNS4. The Word 95. Prepositions 10.6. The Nouns 127. Nouns: Singular Form 15

8. Nouns: Dual Form 169. Nouns: Plural Form: Unbroken 1810. Nouns: Plural Form: Broken 2011. Detached Pronouns I 2212. Detached Pronouns II 2413. Attached Pronouns 2614. Demonstrative Nouns 28

15. Relative Nouns 3017. Foreign Nouns & Verbal Nouns 3118. Phrases 3319. Iraab & Binaa 3820. Nouns within Sentences 39

APPENDICES1. Appendix A: Chart of the Word 432. Appendix B: Flow Chart of Nouns 44

Part III: VERBS

2



3/45

PART I: LETTERS

3



4/45

LESSON 1

THE ARABIC ALPHABET

Daad Saad Sheen Seen Zaa Raa Dhaal Daal Khaa Haa Jeem Tha Ta Ba Alif

Yaa Wow Haa Noon Meem Lam Kaaf Qaaf Faa Ghayn Ayn Dhaa Taa

How the letters look within at the beginning, middle & end of a word:

/ /

/ / / /

/ / / / /

4



5/45

LESSON 2VOWELS

1. SHORT VOWELS (accents)

i. Fat-ha ii. Damma iii. Kasra

a u e

Ba Bu Be

2. LONG VOWELS (actual letters)

i. Alif ii. Wow iii.Yaa:

aa uu/oo ee

Baa Buu/Boo Bee

5



6/45

ee uu/oo aa e u

bebee boo baa bu

tee too taa te tu

thee thoo thaa the th jejee joo jaa ju he huhee hoo haa khekhee khoo khaa khu

dee doo daa de du

dhee dhoo dhaa dhe d

ree roo raa re ru6



7/45

zee zoo zaa ze zu

see soo saa se su

shee shoo shaa she shu

see suu saa se su dhee dhoo dhaa

dhe dhu

tee too taa te tu

dhee dhoo dhaa dhe dh ee uu aa e u

ghee ghuu ghaa ghe ghu g

fee foo faa fe fu 7



8/45

qee qoo qaa qe qu kee koo kaa ke ku lee

loo

laa

le

lu

la

mee moo maa me m nee noo naa ne nu hee hoo haa he hu wee woo waa we wu

yee

yoo

yaa ye

yu

ya

8



9/45

LESSON 3

= =+

= =+

= =+

+

/ NUNATION .1(Al-Tanween)

/ LETTER EMPHASIS .2

(Ashadda)=+ == +

Tte Llu Ssa

3. SOLAR & LUNAR LETTERS / (Al-Ahruf Ashamsiya wa Al-Qamariya)

In the denitive noun, in Arabic, 2 types of letters follow the alif lam:i. The Solar Letters (uncircled) = lam of alif lam of denitive is silent.

For example:

Ashamsu/ = ii. The Lunar Letter (circled) = lam is NOT silent.For example:

Al-qamaru/ 9



10/45

LESSON 4THE WORD

1. Noun 2. Verb 3. Particle

Pronounced Ism Fil Harf

Meaning A word that indicatesa meaning that is notassociated with time.

A word that indicatesa meaning that isassociated with one of the 3 dimensions of time(past, present & future).

Indicates a meaning inother than itself.

Examples HeMuhammadA BookStanding

He did...He does...He will do...

InWhoIf When

Signs 1. It is a ag name2. precursed by the theidentier3. precursed by thepreposition particles4. Ends with Nunation/tanween

1. precursed by the jussive2. can apply yaa almukhatab/of the spoken to3. precursed by s or sow-fa (indicates the future tense.4. precursed by qad (meansmay, e.g., Ahmad may goto school.5. The noon of emphasis(al-tawkeed)6. The taa of the feminine(al-taneeth alsaakina)7. The taa of the doer (al-faail)

1. The particles of inquisitionunder hal- These precursenouns and verbs.2. The prepositional particlesunder fee - These precursenouns only.3. The jussive particles underlam - These precurse verbsin the future form only (al-lal-mudaari)

10



11/45

LESSON 5THE PARTICLES: PREPOSITIONS

(Ah-ruf Ajjarri)

1. PrepositionsThese are 10:

1. min / / elaa .2

/ fee .3 / alaa .4

5. an /

/ hattaa .6

= from= to= in= on= about= until

7. le / 8. ka / 9. wa /

= for/belonging to= like/as

= used for oath

10. ta / = used for oath only with Allahs name. Role:1. Form Prepositional Phrases2. Only precede nouns.

Rules of Iraab:- Make the noun/ism majroor with the: Kasra or yaa

Example:

min sharri il-naasiFrom the evil of men

ta-Allahi

By the name of Allah

mim al-muslimeena

From the Muslims 11



12/45

PART II: NOUNS

12



13/45

LESSON 6THE NOUNS

Overview:Four main points:

or are body parts that are a,, A. All nouns are masculine unless they end with,pair.

B. All nouns are either:i. Masculineii. Feminine.

C. All nouns are either:i. Singular: one only.ii. Dual: two only.iii. Plural: more than two.

D. All pronouns are either in the:i. First Person: I, we and us.ii. Second Person: you

iii. Third Person: they, them.

Keeping the above points in mind, let's look at nouns in more detail:

1. Simple Nouns:A. Common Nouns

i. Denite (Al-Marifa)

Al-Kitab (the book) ~ the reference her is to the Holy Quran.

ii. Indenite (Al-Nakirra)

Kasan (a glass) ~ the reference here is a general one.

/(B. Proper Nouns (peoples names(AsmaaAl-Alaam)

Ali, Muhammad

13



14/45

Now, lets start applying the preceding points, one by one:I. All nouns are masculine, unless they end with:

.End withi For example:

(Jannatun)Heaven

(Baqaratun)

Cow

ii. End with For example:

('Israa')('Aashooraa)Ashura

(Hamraa')RedAscension

iii. End with For example:

(Sughraa)

Lesser(Kubraa)Greater

iv. Are body parts that are a pair For example:

('Aynun) (Yadun)Eye Hand

(Rijlun)Footv. Others:

For example:

(Harbun)

War

(Naarun) (Shamssun)

Fire Sun

(Ardhun)

Earth

II. All nouns are either:i. Masculineii. Feminine.

For example: Masculine Feminine

14nted by www.ziaraat.com


15/45

(rajullun) (imraattun)Man Woman

(thawrun) (baqaratun)Bull Cow

Exercise:1. Look into your copy of the holy Quran and nd the masculine and feminine words. Collect10 of each and write them on a sheet of paper and submit them to your teacher.

2. Find 10 word that are in the denite form and write them down.

3. Find 10 more words that are in their indenite forms.

4. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.

15



16/45

LESSON 7Nouns: Singular Forms

(Al-Ism Al-Mufrad)

C. All nouns are either:i. Singular: one only.ii. Dual: two only.iii. Plural: more than two.

In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the singular forms:

Rules of Iraab:Subject: takes a Damma

Object: Fat-haPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Kasra

Masculine Feminine

(rajullun) (imraatun)A Man A woman

Singular

Singular (kitaabun) (jannatun)A Book A Heaven

Exercise:1. Lets open up the holy Quran and write down 10 singular masculine and feminine word (10of each).


16



17/45

LESSON 8Nouns: Dual Forms

(Al-Ism Al-Muthannaa)

In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the dual forms (two only) of nouns.To turn a singular form of a noun to it dual form:

to the end of the singular form i. If its the Subject: addii. If its the Object/prepositional/possessive phrase: add

form.

Rules of Iraab:Subject: Alif Object: YaaPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Yaa

For example:

Singular form+ + =

( jamaalaani = jamallun + aanin)Camel --> Two Camels

= + (faraashatayni = faraashattun + ayni )Buttery --> Two butteries

Exercise:

1. Fill in the blanks:

Masculine Feminine

Singular A Man A woman

to the end of the singular

Dual Subject:

Dual Object/: 17



18/45

Prepositional/ Possessive Two men Two women

Masculine Feminine

Singular A Book A Heaven

Dual Subject:

Dual Object/:Prepositional/

Possessive Two books Two heavens

2. Find 5 nouns in there dual forms of both masculine and feminine. And mark which is in theobject and subject forms.

3. Find 5 nouns that are in their singular form that are masculine and feminine. Take thesenouns and turn them into the dual forms for the subject, object, prepositional and possessivephrases (as in the charts above).


18



19/45

LESSON 9Nouns: Plural Forms I

if its the subject, or if its an object masculine noun within a sentence. if its the subject, or if its an object feminine noun within a sentence.

(Ism Al-Jam'i)In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the plural forms (three or more) of nouns. There aretwo forms of the plural that we must look at:

1. The Unbroken/Sound Plural:Here the original form of the singular noun:

i. stays intact, or unchangedii. with the addition of the:

a.b.

Singular form+

Singular form+

+ = + =(mu'mineena) (mu'minoona)

Singular form+ +Singular form + = + =

(mu'minaatun) (mu'minaatin)

Exercise:1. Fill in the blanks:

Masculine Feminine

Rules of Iraab:Subject: WowObject: YaaPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Yaa

Object /Prepos./Possessive Subject

Masculine:

Feminine:

Singular A man of the Book(Christian or Jewish) A woman 19



20/45

Dual Subject:

Dual Object/:Prepositional/

Possessive

Three or more men Three or more women

Plural Subject:

Plural Object/:Prepositional/ Possessive Three or more men Three or more women

2. Now nd 10 masculine and 10 feminine words in their plural forms (unbroken) and writethem down in their object and subject forms.

3. Identify 10 masculine and 10 other feminine singular nouns and write them in their pluralforms for subject, object, prepositional phrase and possessive phrase.


20



21/45

LESSON 10Nouns: Plural Forms II

---->

---> --->

(Arjul) (Rijl) (Anbiyaa') (Nabiyy) (Aqlaam)(Qalam) Foot --> Feet Prophet ---> Prophets Pen--->Pens

---> ---> ---> (A'yun) (Ayn) (Ayyaam) (Yowm) (Imaa')(Ama) Eye---> Eyes Day ---> Days Servant--->Servants

Exercise:

1. Find 10 broken plurals in the holy Quran and write them down.

2. Find 10 singular nouns in their singular form in the holy Quran and write them down with

their broken plural form.


(Ism Al-Jam'i)

2. The Broken PluralThere is no set rule to turn a singular form to a broken plural. Only certain singular nouns

can become broken plurals.

21



22/45

LESSON 11DETACHED PRONOUNS I

(Addamaa'ir Al-Munfassilla)

C. Pronouns:

i. Detached ii. Attached

General Rules:i. Pronouns act to identify something. Therefore, they will turn something from being unidentied withrespect to its owner or doer of an action to dened and known.ii. Pronouns are generally mabnee/unchangeable, except in the dual form.

i. Detached Pronouns:

a. As the subject: Singular Dual Plural

1st Person:

Masc.

Fem.

Me

ana

"

Us

nahnu

"

Us

nahnu

"

2nd Person:

Masc.

Fem.

You

anta

anti

You two

antumaa

"

antumaa

You all

antum

antun

3rd Person:

Masc.

Fem.

He/She

huwa

heya

They two

homaa

"

homaa

They all

hom

honna 22



23/45

For example:

a. As the subject: Singular Dual Plural

1st Person:Masc.

Fem.

I am Muslim

ana muslimun

ana muslimatun

We are Muslim

nahnu muslimaani

nahnu muslimata

We are Muslim

nahnu muslimoona

ani nahnu muslimaatun

2nd Person:

Masc.

Fem.

You are Muslim

anta muslimun

anti muslimatun

You are Muslim

antumaa muslima

antumaa muslima

You all are Muslim

ani antum muslimoona

taani antun muslimaatun

3rd Person:

Masc.

Fem.

He/She is Muslim

huwa muslimun

heya muslimatun

They are Muslim

homaa muslimaa

homaa muslimata

They all are Muslim

ni hom muslimoona

ani honna muslimaatun

Exercise:1. Using the words listed below, create a chart similar to the one above for each word.

.

2. Memorize the vocabulary from this lesson.

23



24/45

LESSON 12DETACHED PRONOUNS II


b. As the object/possessive:

Singular Dual Plural

1st Person:

Masc.

Fem.

Me

Eyyaaya

"

Us

Eyyaanaa

"

Us

Eyyaanaa

"

2nd Person:

Masc.

Fem.

You

Eyyaaka

Eyaakie

You two

Eyyaakumaa

"

You all

Eyyaakum

Eyaakon

3rd Person:

Masc.

Fem.

He/She

Eyyaahu

Eyyaahaa

They two

Eyaahomaa

"

They all

Eyaahom

Eyyaahon

The detached pronouns can be found either associated with:

1. Pronoun + Noun/Pronoun: in which case, it would be mudhaaf illayh

For example: 24



25/45

2. Pronoun + Verb = in which case, it would be mafool bihhi or the object.

For Example:

Exercise:

1. Memorize these pronouns.

2. a. Find 10 of these pronouns in the holy Quran and list them as they appear in a phrase or

sentence.

b. Write if it is an object or part of a possessive phrase.

25



26/45

LESSON 13ii. THE ATTACHED PRONOUNS

(Addamaa'ir Al-Muttassilla)

Pronouns:

i. Attached Pronouns:


1st Person: Me Us Us

Masc. /

ya / tu naa naaFem. " " "

2nd Person: You You two You all

Masc. / / /

Fem.

ka / ta

/

kumaa / tumaa

"

tomm

/ Eyaakie

3rd Person:

Masc.

He/She

/

They two

/ They all

/

Fem.

hu / a

/

homaa / aa

"

Eyaahom

/ haa / t na / hon

(Note: what is before the"/" is attached to a noun, what is after the"/" is attached to a verb.)

Exercise:1. Complete the words in the chart on the following page.

2. Make your own chart using the following words: 26nted by www.ziaraat.com


27/45


1st Person: Me Us Us

Masc.

Fem. I ate

My book

We both ate.

Our book

We ate.

Our book

2nd Person: You You two You all

Masc. You ate You two ate You all ate

Your book Your Book Your book

Fem. You ate You two ate You all ate

Your book Your book Your book

3rd Person:

Masc.

He/She

They two

They all

He ate They both ate They all ate

His book Their book Their book

Fem. She ate They both ate They all ate

Her book Their book Their book

27



28/45

LESSON 14D. THE DEMONSTRATIVE NOUNS

(Assmaa Al-Ishaara)

D. Demonstrative Nouns

A Place Masculine/ Feminine/ Object Subject/Poss./Prepo. Object S./P./P.

Singular

mufrad

thamma / hunaallika /

there / that / this

hunaa dhaallika / haadhaa

/ that / that

tilka / haadhaa

Dual

muthannaa

/ / those two

dhaynika dhaynika

/ haadhaanie /haadhaynie

/ / those two

taynika taanikka

/ haataynie / haataanie

Plural

jam'un

/

those more than two

uulaa / uulaa-ie

/ those more than two

uulaa-eka / haa-uulaa-ie

. Each one is used for a spe- and the , the Important notes:

" The demonstrative nouns show the use ofcic purpose:

- is attached to the beginning of the demonstrative noun.: i. the "- is used to draw attention to something near.

- For example: haadhaa siraatun mustaqeem 28



29/45

That is the straight path

- is attached to the end of the demonstrative noun. :- is used to refer to the person with whom you are speaking.

:For example -ii. the

dhaallika al-kitaabu laa rayba feehi In that book there is no doubt

- is attached to the end of the demonstrative noun.:.

- it must precede the - is used to refer to something far.

:For example - Inna fee dhaallika la-aayaatin li-qawmin yatafakkaroon Surely, in that there are proofs to people that think/contemplate.

General Rules:

will not be. are part of the demonstrative noun, " and the 1. If both the = :For example++

++ :For example will not be. is part of the demonstrative noun, 2. If "

=

iii. the

3. All demonstrative nouns are mabnee/unchangeable except he dual forms aremurab or changeable (refers to end of word).

Exercise:

1. Refer to your holy Quran and extract 10 places where you see the use of such demonstrative

nouns and write them down.

2. Write one sentence as an example of each item in the demonstrative noun chart.

29



30/45

LESSON 15E. THE RELATIVE NOUNS

(Al-Assmaa' Al-Mowsoola)


Masc. alladhee

He who

Subject Object/P./P. Subject/Object/P./P.

alladhaani

They two

alladhayni

who

/ al-ulaa / alladheena

They all who

Fem. allatee

She who

allataani

They two

allatayni

who

/ al-laa-ee / al-lawaatee

They all who

Rules of Binaa'/I'raab:1. All are mabnee, except the dual form are:

a. marfoo bil alif

b. mansoob/majroor bil yaa'

2. The binaa' is with the sukoon.

Example:

alladheena yuminoona bil-ghaybe

Those who believe in the unseen.

Exercise:

Find 10 occurences of such relative nouns in the holy Quran. 30



31/45

LESSON 162. FOREIGN NOUNS


2. Foreign Nouns/ (Al-Asmaa Al-Ajamiya)

Rule of Iraab:Subject : takes a DammaObject: Fat-haPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Fat-ha

, Seebaawayha, Yousuffa, Ibraaheema

3. THE VERBAL NOUNS (Al-Masdar)

/Verbal Nouns.3(Al-Massdar)

--> samaa --> samun

He heard --> Hearing

--> sharaba --> shurbunHe drank --> Drinking

31



32/45

NOUNS ENDING WITH LONG VOWELS (Al-AsmaaAl-Mutallatil-aakhire)

al-asmaa al-manqoosa al-asmaa al-maqsoora

/ Those ending in Yaa / Those ending in Alif

Short vowel shows Does not show Does not show in all casesbecause of heaviness

nasb/mansoob jar/majroor raf/marfoo raf, jar and nasb

Exercise:Find for each item covered in this lesson, nd 10 instances in the holy Quran where it can befound.

32



33/45

.LESSON 175. THE FIVE NOUNS

(Al-Asmaa' Al-Khamsa)

(Five Nouns/ (Al-AsmaaAl-Khamsa .5 Rule of Iraab:

/ Object : takes a Wow / Subject: takes an Alif

/ Prepositional/Possessor Phrase: takes a Yaa

abu muhammadin

Muhammads father.

ra-aytu abaa muhammadin

I saw Muhammads father.

dhahabtu elaa akheekaI went to your brother.

dhu maal, fooka, hamooka, akhooka, abookaA person of wealth, your mouth, your in-law, your brother, your father

takalamta maa dhee maalinYou spoke with a person of wealth.

Exercise:Find 10 instances in the holy Quran where these nouns have been used.

33



34/45

LESSON 18THE VOCATIVE PHRASE

" " (Yaa' Al-Nidaa')

1. Preceding a Noun:Causes no change.For example:

"" (Ellaa Al-Isti'naaya) Preceding a Noun:Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb.

For example:

yaa muhammad Oh Muhammad

2. Preceding a Possessive Phrase:Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb.For example:

yaa saahibazzamaan

Oh savior of our time

THE EXCEPTIONAL PHRASE

ellaa hameemanExcept the hellre

34



35/45

THE NEGATIVE PHRASE

"" (Laa Al-naayya)

1. Preceding a Noun:Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb.

For example:

laa darsa l-ghadi No class tomorrow

2. Preceding a Verb:Causes no change.

For example:

laa taqrubaa

Do not approach

THE DESCRIPTIVE PHRASE

(Assifa wal-mowsoof)This refers to the noun and the description the proceeds it.

Rule of Iraab:The description of the noun follows the noun in its i'raab.

For example:

naarun haamiyatun

A blazing re

35



36/45

THE CONJUNCTIVE PHRASE

(Al-'aatif wal-ma'toof)

: The letters of Atf/

The Purpose:- To tie together two nouns, phrases, or ideas.

Rule of Iraab:The noun after the letter of " atf " (otherwise known as the conjunctions "and"/"or"the noun preceding the letter of atf in its iraab .For example:

.jaaa muhammadun wa alleyyunMuhammad and Ali came

THE EXCHANGE PHRASE

(Al-Badal)

The Purpose:- To give another title to a noun.

Rule of Iraab:The second noun follows the second noun in its i'raab.For example:

ameeru al-mumineena AliyyunThe master of the faithful Ali (AS)

) follow/

36



37/45

THE EXCHANGE PHRASE

(Al-Tawkeedu)

The Purpose:

- To emphasize a point.

Rule of Iraab:The second noun follows the second noun in its i'raab.For example:

assalaata assalaata

Prayer! Prayer!

Exercise:Take each item taught in this lesson and nd where there are examples of them in the holyQuran. Write 5 of each.

37



38/45

LESSON 19ERAAB & BINAA

(Al-Mu'rab wal-Mabnee)

Nouns

Mu'rab Mabnee

The noun does not change in look at all The noun's last vowels change

no matter where it is placed: depending on where it is placed in

a sentence or phrase

Pronouns All other nouns

Demonstrative Nouns i. Subject: Marfoo' bil-damma

Relative Nouns ii. Object: Mansoob bil-fat-ha

iii. Possesive/Prepositional Phrase:

Majroor bil-kasra

iv. News: Marfoo' bil-dammaExercise:Let's review some examples. Compile a chart that lists each type of noun and what it wouldlook like in terms of e'raab or binaa' for the:1. Subject2. Object3. Prepositional Phrase4. Possessive Phrase5. Descriptive Phrase6. Vocative Phrase7. Interrogative Phrase 38



39/45

LESSON 20THE SENTENCE

(Al-Jumla)

(Taamma) (Naaqissa)

Nominal Verbal

The noun is part of both nominal and verbal sentences.

1. The Nominal Sentence /

ii. News

(khabar) (mubtada)

Incomplete

Complete

(Fi'liyya)

(Ismiyya)

(Al-Jumla Al-Ismiyya)

:This is a sentence that begins with a noun. The nominal sentence is composed of

+ i. Subject

+

(Allahhu Ssammad)

Allah the Eternal, the Absolute.

39



40/45

In the Nominal sentence, the noun can exist as:

A. Subject:

(Dhaalikka al-kitaabu laa rayba feehi huddan lilmuttaqeen)

This Book, there is no doubt in it, is a guide to those who guard (against evil).

(Allahhu Ssammad)

Allah the Eternal, the Absolute.

C. Part of a Possessive Phrase:

(waylun likulli humazatin lumazza)

Wayl ( A valley in hell) to every slanderer, defamer

Exercise :Look into your copy of the holy Quran and nd 10 nominal sentences that contain at least one

of the elements listed above.

B. News :

(Innaa anzalnaahu fee laylatil qadr)

Surely We revealed it on the grand night.

D. Preceded by a Preposition:

40



41/45

2. In the Verbal sentence:

This is a sentence that begins with a verb. In this type of sentence, the noun can exist as:

A. Subject

B. Object

object + subject + verb

dhahaba ahmadun sabaahan

Ahmad went in the morning

Rules of Iraab:The verb: Marfoo bil-dammaThe subject: Marfoo bil-dammaThe object: Mansoob bil-fat-ha (depends on form of noun).

Exercise:

1. Make a chart listing all of the places where the noun is in the state of raf'.

2. Make a chart listing all of the different places that the noun is in a state of nasb.

3. Write 10 nominal sentences from the holy Quran with the i'raab of each part of the sentence.

4. Write 10 verbal sentences from the holy Quran with the i'raab of each part of the sentence.

41



42/45

APPENDICES

42



43/45

APPENDIX ATHE NOUNS

1. Simple 2. Five 3. Foreign 4. VerbalNouns Nouns Nouns Nouns

(Al-Asmaa Al-Ajnabiya) (Al-Masdar)

-----> (Al-AsmaaAl-Khamsa)

1. / Abooka Samaa - > SamunIbraaheem / Akhooka -----> Hamooka /

/ Fooka

2.3.

Yoosuf Sharaba -> Shurbun4. / Dhu Maal .5

A. Common B. Proper C. Pronouns D. Demonstrative E. RelativeNouns Nouns Nouns Nouns

AsmaaAl-Alaam) (Addamaair) (AsmaaAl-Ishaara) (Al-Asmaa) Al-Mawsoola)

/ hunaalika / hunaa

/ dhaallika / haadhaa al-lattee

/ al-ladhayni / al-ladhaani

/ haadhayni / haathaani al-latayni / al-lattaani

/ haattaani al-ullaa / al-ladheena

/ ullaa / haa-ullaai al-laa-ee / al-lawaa-ee

haadhihi /

Object

- naa- tu

-

- te - ta

-

-ke- / - -

i. Attached ii. Detached(Al-Muttassilla) (Al-Munfassilla)

Obj./Prep./Pos Subject Subject - ka - naa eyaanaaa- eyaaya nahnu - annaa

- huwa - anntaeyaahu - eyaaka

- he - ha eyaahaa - eyaaki hiyya - annti - - - yee - oo eyaahumaa - eyaakumaa humaa - antumaa

- - eyaahum - eyaakum humm - antum - -

eyaahunn - eyaakunn hunn - antunn

al-ladhee

aa - nayee

43



44/45

APPENDIX BTHE PARTICLES

1. Prepositions 2. Jussive 3. Interrogative (Ah-ruf Ajjar) (Ahruf Ajjazm) (AsmaaAl-Istifhaam)

These are: These are: These are:/ lam .1 /lema .2 /min .1 /elaa .2 /hal .1 / lan .2 / ayna .3 /maadhaa .4 /alaa .4 /fee .3

/man .5 /kayfa .6

3. In /

/hattaa .6

5. an/ /mataa .7 /maa .8 /le .7/ke .8 /leman .9 /kam .10 /wa .9/ta .10 /ayyu .11/ayyaana .12

Role: Role:1. Form Prepositional Phrases 1. Form jussive phraseRole:2. Only precede nouns. 2. Only precede verbs.1. Can precede nouns & verbs.

2. Can combine with some prepositions.3. Interrogative when at start of asentence.

Rules of Iraab: Rules of Binaa:Rules of Binaa:- Make the noun/ism majroor 1. Present tense verb:- Depends on the noun itself.with the: SukunKasra or yaa 2. Present tense plural:Example:

:hadhf/absence of noon.Example 3. Present tense endingman dhaa alladhee yuqridhuwith vowel:

i. wow --> dammamin sharri il-naasi ii. alif --> fat-ha mataa haadhaa al-wadu

iii. yaa --> kasra ta-Allahi

Example: ayyaana mursaahaa

mim al-muslimeena lam

lan yafqahoo

lan yarda

44



45/45

PART III: VERBS

Documents

Arabic Grammar in English- Arabic Grammar for the Holy Qur'Aan