P R E P AR E D B Y : J O S H I M A V . M .

ARCH205 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

WALL SYSTEMS- GLASS, ADOBE & STEEL

GLASS BLOCK MASONRY

GLASS BLOCK MASONRY

• Glass block is a translucent, hollow block of glass with clear, textured, or patterned faces, made by fusing two halves together with a partial vacuum inside.

• Glass block may be used in nonloadbearing exterior and interior walls, and in conventionally framed window openings.

• The glass block units are laid in Type S or Type N mortar with joints at least 6mm – 10mm thick.

• Glass block masonry typically rest on a concrete or masonry sill and provided with expansion joints to allow for movement and settling.

ADOBE & RAMMED EARTH WALL

• Adobe and rammed-earth construction both use

unfired, stabilized earth as the primary building material.

ADOBE WALL

• Adobe and rammed-earth remain low-cost

alternative building systems.

• Adobe is sun-dried clay masonry, traditionally used in countries with little rainfall.

• Adobe brick is typically made near the point of use

with soil obtained from the site.

• The dimensions of adobe brick vary according to locale, but a common size is 255 x 355 x (51 to 100)

thick.

RAMMED EARTH WALL

• Rammed earth is another traditional

building material.

• It is a stiff mixture of clay, silt, sand, and water that is compressed and dried within

formwork as a wall construction.

• Minimum Wall Thickness:

• 205mm for interior nonbearing walls

• 305mm for one-story bearing walls up to 3.66m high

• 455mm for the first story of two-story bearing walls up to 6.705m high and 305mm for the second.

• Compacting tool

• Slip forms

• Damp soil mixture is

compacted in layers not higher than

150mm.

STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING

• Conventional steel-framed structures are constructed of: • hot-rolled beams and columns,

• open-web joists, and metal decking

• Since structural steel is difficult to work on site, it is normally cut, shaped, and drilled in a fabrication shop according to design specifications; this can result in relatively fast, precise construction.

STEEL SECTIONS

• The most frequently used section for columns is the wide-flange (W) shape. • It is suitable for connections to beams in two directions, and all of its surfaces

are accessible for making bolted or welded connections.

• Other steel shapes used for columns are round pipes and square or rectangular tubing.

• Column sections may also be fabricated from a number of shapes or plates to fit the desired end-use of a column.

CURTAIN WALLS ON

STEEL FRAMES

CURTAIN WALLS ON STEEL FRAMES

• A curtain wall is an exterior wall supported wholly by the steel or concrete structural frame of a building.

• Curtain walls carry no loads other than its own weight and wind loads.

• A curtain wall may consist of metal framing holding either vision glass, opaque spandrel units, thin veneer panels of concrete, stone, masonry, or metal.

CURTAIN WALLS ON STEEL FRAMES

• There are three basic relationships that may be established between a structural steel frame and the curtain wall or cladding it supports. • Column in front of the wall plane

• Column within the wall plane

• Column behind the wall plane

GLAZED CURTAIN WALL- STICK SYSTEM

• The stick system consists of tubular metal mullions

and rails - assembled piece by piece on site - to frame vision glass and spandrel units.

GLAZED CURTAIN WALL- UNIT SYSTEM

• Unit systems consist of preassembled, framed wall

units - which may be pre-glazed or glazed after installation.

GLAZED CURTAIN WALL- UNIT & MULLION SYSTEM

• In the unit-and-mullion system, one- or two-story-

high mullions are installed first,- then preassembled wall units are lowered into place behind the

mullions.

GLAZED CURTAIN WALL- COLUMN COVER & SPANDREL SYSTEM

• Column-cover-and-spandrel systems consist of

vision glass assemblies and spandrel units- supported by spandrel beams between exterior

columns- columns are clad with cover sections.