Architectural Drawing

History and Planning

Architectural history in house construction.

Why are historical trends important and how do they influence the way we

build?

Where did settlers come from? Building Materials:

Technology:Environmental Considerations:

Historical Influence

England

Spain

France

Germany

Wood (#1)

Stone

Brick

Glass (hand-made)

Harsh Environment

Land Clearing Req.

Native Inhabitants

Hand Tools

Human/Animal Power

Historical House Styles

English styling:

Georgian styling:

Regency styling:

Before 18th Century, Tudor style or Elizabethan. Stone, brick or stucco- often ½ timbered, steep roof, diamond windows.

Early 1700s, Formal & symmetrical. Front doors are pedimented, hip roof

Late 1700s, Like Georgian, but finer details. Often brick, painted white or yellow with hip roof. Wall extensions/ copper bay or porch roof with wrought iron.

New England Colonial (salt box) styling:

Garrison styling:

Cape Cod styling:

Southern Colonial styling:

Symmetrical like Georgian- mostly wood, steep rear roof to shed snow.

1st break in style- 2nd floor overhangs 1st floor to aid in fighting off Indian raids.

Small gable roofed house, central chimney, roof slopes to top of 1st floor- usually symmetrical.

2-story high porches to shade windows for cooling.

Dutch Colonial styling:

French Colonial styling:

Spanish styling:

Gambrel roof gives a full 2nd story, mostly stone.

New Orleans- Plastered faces- pink, yellow, green. Fancy balcony iron scroll work.

Appearance of adobe walls, tiled roof, usually enclosed patio. Ceilings with exposed timbers.

Ranch styling:

Split Level styling:

Modern styling:

“Form Follows Function” single story, rambling, open look

½ flights of steps through entire house. Split side-to-side, front-to-back.

Geometric, flat roof, every element should have a purpose- nothing useless

Current Practices

How are houses constructed today and how have they changed over the past few

decades?

CurrentPractices

House Designs: Foundation Materials:

Environmental Considerations:

Framing and Finishing:

Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Mechanical Considerations:

Vary among many styles

Lots of angles

Less attention to details

Block/Slab

Concrete

Pre-Cast (trucked to site)

Water/Waste

Run-off

Energy Use

Lumber #1

Composites/Laminates

Steel Studding

Heating sources (gas, oil, wood, coal, electric, alternates)

Electrical Requirements- plan for the future

Thermal & Ventilation Considerations (insulation, venting, landscape)

Vocabulary

Habitation- Housing that someone is living in. Any structure for living.

Home Economy- Planning a house for flow and use.

Framing- Building technique. Structural members of a home

Foundation- Supporting structure for a building.

HVAC- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning

Solar/Wind Effects- Solar and wind on a home can effect heating and air conditioning costs. Good planning can use these effects.

Future Planning

How can we plan and predict future construction trends?

Environmental Considerations: Available Materials/Technology:

Economy:Population:

Homes of the Future

Global Warming

Intense Weather

Ice Melting

Wood- Less Woodland, Higher Costs

Polymers/Composites

Concrete/Steel

Glass/Ceramics

Smart Houses

2000- 6.1 billion people

2050 8.9 billion people

47% increase

Changing Economies

Financial Concerns

Population Centers