Building Technology 1Materials of ConstructionTaken from UST Architecture final exam by Arch. Rafael AlliRecommended review material for UST Preboard Exams

Prepared by:arkireviewph.multiply.com

Components of paintsBodyVehiclePigment

Types of GlassPlate glassFloat glassSheet glass

Common Paint ProblemsTackiningBleedingBlisteringChalkingDeadeningMoisture blushOrange peelPeelingWrinkling

Concrete Testing MethodsSlump test Compressive testCore test

Types of ConcreteHeavyweightLightweight structuralNormal weightLightweight insulatingCellularCap gradedShotcretePreplacedPumped

Types of Concrete FinishesIntegrally pigmented finishScreeded trowelledSwirlBroomedBurlap dragTravertine and rock saltStampedExposed aggregateForm boardForm liner plasticsDimpled

Types of AggregatesExpanded shaleExpanded slatePorliteVermiculite

Types of AdhesiveAnimal glueCellulose cementChlorinated (rubber) adhesiveNatural rubber cementCasein glue

Casein glueA kind of glue that is made from protein material, it is a dry powder that is mixed with water, it has good bonding properties for wood to wood or paper to wood application and will develop the full strength of the wood in most situations.

admixtureAny substance other than cement, water or aggregate, added to the concrete or mortar mix to alter its properties or those of the hardened product; also called an additive.

Concrete hardenerAn additive which improves the denseness of concrete surface which are subjected to rolling live loads and impact.

BodyThat solid, finely ground material which gives paint the power to hide, as well as color the surface.

ChalkingA paint defect characterized by progressive powdering from the surface inward.

enamelAny paint or varnish drying to a smooth, hard, usually glossy finish.

Natural resinA varnish made from natural resin or exudations from living trees.

ferrocementA type of concrete having mortar with large amount of light gauge reinforcement is used; it is used in bins, boat hulls and other thin complex shapes

Reinforced concreteA type of concrete using reinforcing bars (plain or deformed) and mats as primary reinforcement.

Integrally pigmented concreteA type of concrete finish in which coloring agents are added to the mixture. It may be trowelled, sandblasted, tooled or stamped.

Stamped concreteA concrete finish using proprietary aluminum tools to imprint various patterns in freshly placed horizontal concrete surface.

aggregateAny of the various hard inert mineral material, such as sand and gravel, added to a cement paste to make concrete or mortar.

fillersFinishing material which is used on wood surfaces, particularly those with open grains, to till the pores and provide perfectly smooth, uniform surface for varnish or lacquer.

Animal glueA glue in liquid form having excellent bonding property with paper or glass and reasonably good bond with wood or metal. Resistance to heat, cold, creep and water is poor.

Fire retardantA type of paint which retards the passage of fire to the surface beneath them.

Alkyd paintA type of paint using alkyd in the formulation. It has a mild alkali resistance but excellent water resistance, particularly useful for porch and deck application.

pigmentPaint component which gives it color.

alligatoringAn incomplete form of peeling where the paint cracks into large segments, usually due to repeated application of new coats over old coats which are no longer adherent.

thinnerVolatile solvents used to cause paint to flow better.

Normal weight concreteA type of concrete having density of 135-165 lbs/cu.ft., compressive strength from 2,000psi - over 8,000psi. It is used in structural framing, pavements, floor, etc.

Slump testA method of determining the consistency and workability of freshly mixed concrete by measuring the slump of a test specimen.

Compressive testA test for determing the compressive of a concrete batch, using a hydraulic press to measure the maximum load test a cylinder can support.

ShotcreteA term used to describe mortar or concrete placed by high velocity compressed air that adheres to the surface.

Polymer-portland cementA type of concrete wherein monomer or polymer is added to freshly mixed concrete and subsequently allowed to cure, and if needed polymerized in place.

sandglassConcrete characterized by textured patterns through the use of templates.

Dimpled concreteConcrete cast over a bed of crushed stone or gravel aggregate against a polyethylene sheet between them to prevent bonding.

vermiculiteMica exoanded by heat into very light wormlike threads, used as non-structural lightweight aggregate and as loose fill insulation.

Expanded shaleA strong lightweight aggregate obtained by exfoliation of clay or shale, also called expanded clay.

Vitreous colored glassPolished plate glass which is heat strengthened and coated on one side with vitreous color which is fire fused to the surface. This type of glass is widely used in curtain wall construction, storefronts, showrooms, laboratories and industrial buildings.

Acoustical glassLaminated or insulating glass used for sound control.

Insulating glassA glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass separated by hermetically sealed air spaces.

glassA hard brittle usually transparent or translucent substance, produced by fusing silica together with a flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools into a rigid mass without crystallization.

Laminated safety glassGlass used in the transportation industry, but also widely used in the building industry. This is made of two sheets or plate or sheet glass bounded by a thin tough layer of polyvinyl butyral resin.

Plate glassA flat soda lime-silica glass that is extremely smooth and nearly distortion free. It is manufactured by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it to cool slowly.

Wired glassA rolled glass in which wire mesh is inserted during the process of manufacture. It is characterized by its great resistance to shattering through impact.

Crown glassAn old form of window glass formed by blowing and whirling a hollow sphere of glass into a flat circular disc with the center lump left by the workers rod.

Glass blockA translucent hollow block of glass with clear, textured or patterned faces made by fusing two halves together with hollow core, used for glazing openings.

Tempered plate glassA type of glass made by reheating and suddenly cooling plate glass. Used for swing doors, sliding doors, skating rink enclosures, etc.

ElasticityThe property of a material that enables it to deform in response ti an applied force and to recover its original size and shape upon removal of the force.

Thermal ExpansionThe change in length or volume which a material or body undergoes while being heated.

HardnessThe resistance of a material to deformation by compression or indentation.

Acid resistance propertyThe degree of which a surface such as porcelain, enamel will resist attack by acid.

WorkabilityThe ease with which a fresh concrete can be molded or deformed.

WeatherabilityThe property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to sun, wind, moisture and changes in temperature.

ductilityThe property of a material described as capable of being stretched or deformed without fracturing.

malleabilityThe property of a metal that permits mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging, rolling, etc. without fracturing.

Sound absorptionA property possessed by materials or objects of absorbing sound energy.

Abrasion resistance propertyThe property of a material that enables it to resist being worn away by friction when rubbed with another object.

HearthwoodThe central core of the log which is composed of inactive cells.

slabA kind of rough lumber which is cut tangent to the annual rings of the wood, running full length of the log.

servicultureThe process of growing timber crops of the better and more valuable species through scientific forestry.

Particle boardA non-veneered wood panel product made by bonding small wood particles under heat and pressure.

plywoodA wood panel product made by bonding veneers together under heat and pressure, usually at right angles to each other.

lumberThe term applied to wood after is is sawed or sliced into boards, planks, slabs, etc. used for commercial purposes.

Straight grainedA type of grain where the direction of the wood fibers are nearly parallel with the sides and edges of the board.

woodThe tough, fibrous cellular substance that makes up most of the stem and branches of trees beneath the bark.

endogenousThese are inside growing trees. These kind of trees are preferred for lumbering because of the center core, which is soft and brittle in character.

hardwoodClassified as deciduous trees that have broad leaves which normally shed during the cold season.

checksA defect in wood which is characterized by separation across annual growth rings.

twistingA warp resulting from the turning of the edges of a wood piece.

decayA wood defect which is caused by the attack of fungi and microorganisms.

Rough lumberA term applied to undressed or unplaned lumber.

lumberingThe operation performed in preparing wood for commercial purposes.

fiberboardA building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into rigid sheets.

waferboardA non-veneered panel product composed of large, thin, wood-flakes bonded under heat and pressure with a waterproof adhesive.

Parallel strand lumberA structural lumber product made by bonding long, narrow wood strands together under heat and pressure using a waterproof adhesive; used as beams and columns post and beam construction.

waneA kind of wood defect which is caused by chipping and drying at the edge.

PlankA wide piece of lumber with thickness ranging from 2-5.

deckingA type of dimension lumber having a width of 4 and wider.

Dimension lumberA classification of lumber and with thickness of 2-4 and a width of 2.

plankA piece of lumber with thickness ranging from 2-5.

s2sThese are planed or dressed lumber with two sides smooth or planed.

exogenousThese are outward growing trees which are most preferred for lumbering.

Cast ironA hard brittle non-malleable iron based alloy containing 2.0%-4.5% carbon and 0.5%-3% silicon, cast in a sand mold and machined to make building products.

Medium steelA carbon steel containing 0.25%-0.45% carbon.

Ferrous metalsA metal containing iron as a principal element.

zincA ductile, crystalline, bluish white metallic element, used for galvanizing iron and steel and in making other alloys.

Stainless steelAn alloy containing a minimum of 12% chromium, sometimes with nickel, manganese, or molybdenum as additional alloying element.

leadA lustrous, low-melting, bluish white metallic element that is malleable and ductile at ordinary temperatures and used in plating and in making alloys and soft solders.

Pig ironCrude iron that is drawn from a blast furnace and cast into pigs in preparation for conversion into cast iron, wrought iron or steel.

metalsAny class of elementary substances as gold, silver or copper, all of which are crystalline when solid and many of which are characterized by opacity, ductility, conductivity and a unique luster when freshly fractured.

Wrought ironA tough malleable, relatively soft iron that is readily forged and welded, having a fibrous structure, containing approximately 0.2% carbon and a small amount of uniformly distributed slag.

Carbon steelOrdinary unalloyed steel in which the residual elements such as carbon, manganese, phosphorous, sulfur and silicon are controlled.

marbleA metamorphic rock of crystallized limestone, consisting mainly of calcite and dolomite, used especially in architecture and sculpture.

graniteA very hard, coarse-grained igneous rock, composed mainly of quartz, feldspar and mica or other colored minerals.

Metamorphic rockA class of rock that has undergone change in structure, texture or composition due to natural agencies, as heat and pressure.

ooliteA limestone composed of small, round, calcerous grains resembling fish roe. Also called egg stone.

limestoneA sedimentary rock formed chiefly by the accumulation of organic remains, as shells and corals, and used as a building stone in the manufacture of lime.

slateA dense, fine-grained, metamorphic rock formed by the compression of various sediments, as clay and shale.

dolomiteA limestone rich in magnesium and carbonate.

quartziteA compact, granular metamorphic rock consisting essentially of quartz, derived from sandstone.

soapstoneA massive, soft rock, containing a high proportion of talc, used as dimension stone for hearths, tabletops and carved ornaments. Also called steatite.

Sedimentary rockA class of rock formed by the deposition of sediment, as limestone, sandstone or shale.

gneissA banded or foliated metamorphic rock corresponding in composition to granite.

travertineA variety of limestone deposited by spring waters, especially hot springs, sold as marble in the building trade.

sandstoneA sedimentary rock consisting of sand, usually quartz, cemented together by various substances, as silica, clay or calcium carbonate.

Building stoneAny stone suitable for use in building construction, as limestone, marble or granite.

Construction terms:Larga masa - concrete slabTirante - bottom chordPlantilya - patternDe bandeha - panel doorPierno pasante - machine boltUno sinatra - alternateLadrillo - brickTabike - exterior siding

Baral de kadena - chain boltPie de gallo - braceYiero lizo galbanizado - plain GI sheetBiga - concrete beamTubo de banada - downspoutHamba pintuan - door jambKuatro aguas - hip roof

Done! :) Source: preliminary and final examinations 2002For additional review materials or contributions go to: www.arkireviewph.multiply.comGood luck!