Architectural+Alterna-ves+for+ …alternaRves(and(beneﬁts.(This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the softwood lumber check-off

Architectural+Alterna-ves+for+Post3Frame+Building+Systems+

Presented(on(October(23,(2014(by:(Harvey(B.(Manbeck,((PhD,(PE(( (Consultant(to(NFBA(( (Professor(Emeritus,(Engineering(( (Penn(State(University(

“The(Wood(Products(Council”(is(a(Registered(Provider(with(The(American(InsRtute(of(Architects(ConRnuing(EducaRon(Systems((AIA/CES),(Provider(#G516.((!Credit(s)(earned(on(compleRon(of(this(course(will(be(reported(to(AIA(CES(for(AIA(members.(CerRficates(of(CompleRon(for(both(AIA(members(and(non\AIA(members(are(available(upon(request.(((

This(course(is(registered(with(AIA(CES(for(conRnuing(professional(educaRon.(As(such,(it(does(not(include(content(that(may(be(deemed(or(construed(to(be(an(approval(or(endorsement(by(the(AIA(of(any(material(of(construcRon(or(any(method(or(manner(of(handling,(using,(distribuRng,(or(dealing(in(any(material(or(product.(___________________________________________

QuesRons(related(to(specific(materials,(methods,(and(services(will(be(addressed(at(the(conclusion(of(this(presentaRon.((

(

Course(DescripRon(

The(course(idenRfies:(structural(features(that(make(post\frame(systems(unique;(design(resources(for(post\frame(systems;(two(basic(design(approaches(for(post\frame(building(systems;(and(through(various(case(studies,(key(performance(characterisRcs(of(PF(building(systems.(More(than(20(post\frame(projects(are(showcased(to(highlight(all(of(these(architectural(alternaRves(and(benefits.(

This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the softwood lumber check-off.

Learning(ObjecRves(1.  IdenRfy(the(unique(structural(features(

of(PFBS((Post\Frame(Building(Systems)(2.  Demonstrate(the(code(compliance(of(

PFBS(3.  Demonstrate(the(energy(efficiency(and(

sustainability(of(PFBS(4.  IdenRfy(&(demonstrate(with(completed(

Post\Frame((PF)(project(case(studies(the(range(of(applicaRons(and(architectural(features(possible(with(PFBS(

•  Wood industry’s counterpart to low profile (1 to 2-1/2 story) steel buildings

•  Developed in late 1930’s for agricultural sector •  Known as “pole building” in the past •  PF has evolved to highly engineered wood

building system •  PF has expanded to many commercial,

residential & institutional applications •  Limitless range of interior/exterior appearances

POST-FRAME (PF) BUILDING SYSTEMS

WHAT DOES A PF BUILDING LOOK LIKE?

WHAT IS PF BUILDING USED FOR?

PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL

Laminated or Solid-Sawn Wood Columns

Roof Framing Trusses or Rafters

Roof Purlins Typ. 2x4s

“on edge” or “flat”

Sheathing: •  26 to 29 ga Ribbed Steel OR •  OSB or Plywood

Wall Girts Typ. 2x4 or 2x6

“flat”

PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL OF FOUNDATION OPTIONS

9

Isolated Pier Foundation

Continuous RC Foundation Wall

Thickened Edge of Concrete Slab

PF BUILDING SYSTEM CROSS SECTION

Purlins Truss

Girts

Column Foundation

Column Footing

Sidewall Column

•  Usually solid-sawn, glue-laminated (glulam) or mechanically (nail) laminated wood columns

•  Typically nominal 6-x-6, 6-x-8, 8-x-8, or 8-x-10 cross section

•  Usually spaced 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 ft on center along sidewall

•  Embedded portion must be properly preservative treated

WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS

•  Spliced glulam column – 3 or 4 ply, fabricated with 2x lumber –  lower portion preservative treated;

upper portion untreated

GLUE-LAMINATED (GLULAM) OR NAIL-LAMINATED WOOD COLUMN

•  Isolated pier foundations

•  Concrete foundation walls

MOST COMMON FOUNDATION OPTIONS

PRESERVATIVE TREATED WOOD PIER FOUNDATION

Preservative-treated section spliced to untreated portion

PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER FOUNDATION

•  Precast reinforced concrete pier with column attached above grade

•  Entire assembly engineered •  Assembly factory fabricated

and shipped to site

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL

• Column attached to cast-in-place concrete foundation wall

• Attached solid-sawn, nail-laminated, or glulam columns are usually untreated

•  Pre-engineered metal plate connected 2x lumber trusses typically spaced 4–8 ft o.c.

•  Heavier timber (solid-sawn wood or glulam) trusses for larger column and truss spacings

•  Solid-sawn wood rafters spaced 2–4 ft o.c. for clear spans ≤ 30 ft

•  Glulam or structural composite lumber (SCL) rafters for larger rafter spacings or clear spans

ROOF FRAMING

SUBURBAN GARAGE OCEAN VIEW, NJ

SUBURBAN GARAGE OCEAN VIEW, NJ

TYPICAL PF WALL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

20

Top View

End View

Columns

Exterior Girts

Exterior Sheathing and/or Architectural Finish

Insulation

Interior Girts

Interior Sheathing & Finish

•  PF is covered by the International Building Code (IBC) not the International Residential Code (IRC)

IRC Section R104.11 clearly states, “Compliance with the specific performance-based provisions of the International Codes (IBC) in lieu of specific (prescriptive) requirements of this code (IRC) shall also be permitted as an alternative.”

CODE COMPLIANCE

•  PF is an engineered wood structural system •  PF foundations included in Chapter 18 of IBC

2006, 2009 & 2012 •  Key PF diaphragm design and other practices

from the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) cited in Sections 2306.1 of IBC 2006, 2009 & 2012

CODE COMPLIANCE

•  PF Building Design Manual (PFBDM)

•  Structural design procedures for PF building systems –  PF designer’s primary

reference –  www.NFBA.org

PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES

•  ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 484 – Diaphragm design procedures

•  ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 486 – Shallow post foundation design

•  ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 559 – Requirements and bending

properties for mechanically laminated columns

– asabe.org or nfba.org


•  Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Framing Tolerances

•  Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Metal Panel and Trim Installation Tolerances

•  Post-Frame Construction Guide •  1, 2, and 3 hour (2012-2013) PF Firewall Reports – UL www.postframeadvantage.com or www.nfba.org

www.NFBA.org


•  Simple to construct •  Eliminate need to mix and match construction

types on PF project requiring firewalls •  Provide relatively simple means to expand PF

building sizes and heights per IBC Chapter 5 requirements

PF FIREWALLS

26

Design No. V304 January 20, 2012 Bearing Wall Rating - 3-Hr

2x4 wall girts 16 in. o.c. both sides

Nail-lam post 4-ply, 2x6, 8 ft o.c.

Vertical blocking

5/8 Gyp Board (SCX) 4 layers, both sides

Staggered horizontal & vertical joints and fastener

schedules per report

•  Two-dimensional (2-D) frame design method (open-sided PF buildings)

•  Three-dimensional (3-D) diaphragm design method (all other PF buildings)

•  Covered in monthly NFBA-PFMI webinars OR •  PFMI Online University courses

- Series of one hour sessions - 1 CEU for design professionals for each session

completed •  www.postframeadvantage.com

STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACHES

•  PF buildings are exceptionally easy to insulate to higher levels (R = 20 to 35) required by energy codes with wide range of typical batt, blown-in, or board insulation materials

- Thicker wall cavities inherently built-into PF

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Minimal thermal bridging in PF •  Wall and roof framing

members typically spaced 4 to 16 ft o.c.

•  Fewer breaks in thermal insulation barrier

•  Nominal 6x to 10x wood columns at breaks

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

•  Primary construction materials—wood and steel cladding—are both recyclable

•  Wood—the primary construction material in PF buildings—is a renewable forest resource

•  PF construction is inherently friendly to energy-efficient construction

SUSTAINABILITY

•  Nominal 6 x 6 Nail-laminated columns, 8 ft. o.c. on foundation wall

•  Hip Roof to blend into downtown community architectural theme

•  Total sq. footage: 4,800 •  Construction time:

90 days

LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL

Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings

•  Designed to be a “green” LEED-certified building

•  Green Building of

America Award Winner


Keys to LEED-Certification

•  Post frame is readily insulated to high levels required by the International Energy Code

•  Wood is a renewable green product and natural insulator


Other Factors Leading to PF Selection •  Original PF building easily

expandable in 8 ft. modules

•  Grid-tied solar system •  Geothermal heating and cooling system •  Materials with high recycled content •  10-inch wall cavities •  Reflective foils on all

six sides •  “Cool color” painted

steel roof system •  80% fewer thermal

breaks in the wall •  Insulated concrete slab

LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN

•  Building size: 24 (L) x 36 (W)

•  Nominal 6 x 6 nail-laminated columns 8 ft o.c.

•  Isolated wood pier foundation

•  Net cost per sq ft: $98



NET-ZERO HOME STURGIS, MI

Similar to Nappanee, IN home except •  Radiant in-floor heat •  Air conditioning unit •  $70/sq. ft.

NET-ZERO HOME STURGIS, MI

•  Durability of PF equals that of any well-engineered wood-framed building system

•  Keys to PF durability – Specify appropriate preservative treatment systems

for all wood in ground contact – Use a column foundation option that eliminates

ground contact for any wood structural element

DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY

�Of all the hundreds of buildings we�ve built throughout Florida, we�re happy to report absolutely no problems except for minor damage to trim and other small architectural elements on just a few of them.�

—Patricia Askins of Longwood, FL, shortly after Hurricane Katrina

DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY

•  Cost-effective Minimal framing material requirements Minimal footing and foundation material

requirements •  Speed of construction (short time from start of

construction to occupancy) •  Functionally flexible •  Without sacrificing architectural appeal

OTHER PF BUILDING ATTRIBUTES

• PF cost effectiveness

• Completed within the county’s overall budget

• Significant savings compared to other traditional types of construction ($5.2 M vs. $10 to $15M)

ANIMAL SHELTER SARATOGA COUNTY, NY


•  Nominal 3-ply, 6x6 nail-lam columns 6 ft. o.c.

•  Concrete foundation wall •  Roof framing: 36, 42 or 66

ft. wood trusses •  ½ in. CDX plywood roof

sheathing •  Total sq. footage: 24,000 •  Construction time:

160 days •  Cost per sq. foot: $216

ANIMAL SHELTER SARATOGA COUNTY, NY

•  PF flexibility easily accommodated 2 widely different functions (medical treatment center & garage for ambulances)

•  Cost savings in using embedded treated wood columns versus poured concrete foundation walls

VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE CORPS CAZENOVIA, NY

•  Total sq. footage: 5,595 •  Total cost: $685,000 (1/3

less than nearest competitive bid for project)

•  Construction time: 125 days

•  Cost per sq. foot: $125

VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE CORPS CAZENOVIA, NY

•  Used to exhibit 500 vehicles

•  Expansion to 1000 vehicle exhibitions anticipated

•  Used for weddings, etc. for up to 600 guests between auto exhibitions

•  Up to 20 ft. ceilings

AUTOMOTORPLEX CLUB HOUSE CHANHASSAN, MN

The owners required large buildings with wide & high clear spans

AUTOMOTORPLEX CLUB HOUSE CHANHASSEN, MN

Photo courtesy of Lester Buildings

… and ability to expand easily as future demand grows.

BELLA SALA RECEPTION HALL IOWA CITY, IA

Tiffin, IA Completed February 2010 Construction time: 183 days Total sq. footage: 16,560 Clear span: 70 feet Total cost: $1.7 million Cost per sq. ft: $102

Short construction window:183 days (mid-September to mid-February for Valentine’s Day opening)

•  Openness •  Flexibility of use •  Economy: $103/sq ft. •  Stylized interior design •  4-ply nominal nail-lam

8 x 8 columns, 8 ft. o.c. •  2-ply 70 ft. wood

trusses, 8 ft. o.c. •  Concrete foundation

wall

BELLA SALA RECEPTION HALL IOWA CITY, IA

Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC

PF ARCHITECTURAL FLEXIBILITY & APPEAL

51

…are limited only by the designer�s imagination and creativity

Architectural details & finishes

PRIVATE MEDICAL PRACTICE WHEELING, WV

•  Large waiting room

•  6 exam rooms •  Lab area •  Administrative

work station •  Nurses’ station •  Office for the

doctors

PRIVATE MEDICAL PRACTICE WHEELING, WV+

++(

•  Hardi plank siding •  Stone wainscot •  Shingle roofing •  Azek trims •  Vaulted ceilings in

waiting area •  2nd floor area for future

office

•  Nominal 6x6 nail-lam, 8 ft. o.c. •  Isolated wood pier foundation •  Hip roof system

• Construction Time: 144 days • Cost per sq. foot: $117.

DENTAL CLINIC THOMASVILLE, GA

•  2-story octagon with 2nd story office

•  36 ft. clearspan monoslope roof with clerstory windows

•  5/8 in cdx plywood sheathing

•  Stucco board & cultured stone siding

•  Painted ribbed steel roof


•  Nominal 3-ply 6x6 & 6x8 nail-lam columns

•  Cast-in-place concrete foundation walls

•  Microlam rafters & glulam trusses in roof

• Construction Time: 300 days • Cost: $135/sq.ft.


Interior of 2nd floor of octagonal area

• Drywall interior with wood trim • Commercial carpeting

Interior of Office & Reception Area

WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY

•  High- ribbed painted steel roofing

•  Stepped metal clad fascias

•  Metal downspouts and gutters

•  Prefinished fiber cement siding with PVC simulated wood trims

•  Vinyl shutters & fiberglass windows •  Nova Brik wainscot


•  Six bays for fire, rescue, tanker, and pickup trucks

•  Radio room •  Firefighters’ locker room •  Kitchen •  Lounge area •  Office space


•  Acoustical suspended ceilings

•  Ceramic tile flooring with resinous epoxy coating

•  Acrovyn crash rails and corner guards

•  Acoustical hi-rib steel liners at apparatus bays with interior FRP liner on lower 8’ of wall


•  3-ply 2x8 & 4-ply 2x6 nail-lam columns, 6 ft. o.c.

•  Continuous concrete foundation wall

•  Structural meets code requirements for essential facilities



WINERY TASTING ROOM BERTRAM, TX

•  Tasting room for Pilot Knob Winery

•  Showcase for award winning wines

•  Host meetings, weddings, parties or other events

•  Native Texas limestone exterior from local quarries with exposed cedar trusses

•  Nominal 3-ply 6x6 nail-lam columns, 8 ft. o.c.

•  Preservative treated wood post foundation

WINERY TASTING ROOM BERTRAM, TX

•  Painted drywall with simple country trims

•  Monterrey drag texture •  Granite countertops

throughout tasting bar and restrooms

•  Custom sliding barn doors in partitioning rooms

•  Construction time: 150 days •  Cost per sq. foot: $117

VARIETY OF PF EXTERIOR FINISHES

HORSE BARN BATAVIA, IL •  Exterior finish: 7”

reveal Hardi Plank and cedar shakes & trim

•  Interior finish: Hi-Rib steel Ceiling and T&G Pine siding



GAS STATION/STORE CARMEL, IN

•  Exterior finish: •  Standing seam steel roof

(29 ga) •  EFIS (stucco) wall finish

with brick wainscoting •  Plateglass windows and

entry Doors



JIMMY JOHN�S/CASH MAX LANCASTER, OH

Exterior Finish: •  Mix of faux stone, brick

and vinyl •  Sandstone coins put into

brick to offset corners •  40-year dimensional

shingles on roof



DANZINGER VINEYARDS ALMA, WI

•  Exterior finish: cedar shake gable ends, cultured stone walls, standing seam roof

•  Interior finish: stamped & stained concrete floors, stamped metal or vaulted pine ceilings


•  Total cost: $82 per sq. ft.

ARCHITECTURAL FLEXIBILITY & APPEAL- INTERIOR

68

PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA

Exterior Details: •  Attached out-buildings •  White cedar siding •  Asphalt roof shingles

•  Interior Details •  House - drywall and

T&G wood •  Garage - 5/8 drywall •  Barn - SYP T&G and

T1-11 plywood

PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA

Interior Details (Lower Floor) •  Large beams and exposed wood ceilings upstairs and

downstairs •  Exposed beam ceiling over the kitchen and dining area.

PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA Interior Details (Loft Area) •  Cantilevered loft area (over

the house center beam) •  Oak-stained tongue-and-

groove second floor •  Large beams and exposed

wood ceilings upstairs •  Real tree-trunk posts in loft



Post-Frame Commercial Lodge for Large Family Reunions & Other Large Groups •  Four bedroom suites •  Sustainable materials

including locally milled wood & native rock

•  “Log-cabin” exterior •  Rapid construction time :

5 months •  November thru April in

South Dakota

CUSTER REUNION CABIN RAPID CITY, SD

Photo courtesy of Semmler Construction

CUSTER REUNION CABIN RAPID CITY, SD

Unique accessories • dormer windows • log timber entry • open loft viewing • rock fireplace • whirlpool tubs • cedar patio deck

Highly stylized interior design •  Native stone fireplace •  Native lumber columns •  Native timber wood interior

floors and trim

Photo courtesy of Semmler Construction

PRIVATE RESIDENCE TEXAS


Exterior Details: •  Hi-rib steel roofing •  Cultured stone &

wood siding

PRIVATE RESIDENCE TEXAS


Interior Details: •  Finished

exposed trusses 8 ft. o.c. to finished under-side of 6/12 pitched roof

DIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM, FUNCTION & APPEARANCE

•  Traditional rectangular & gable roof

•  Traditional restaurant & retail function

WASTE FACILITY LANCASTER, OH

•  Multi-purpose PF Building •  Maintenance/repair of garbage

trucks •  Storage/repair of portable

toilets •  Corporate offices •  Driver dispatch office

•  High-story & low-slope roof •  29 ga. steel siding and roofing

Interior Details: •  Warehouse & shop areas -

29 ga. steel liner •  Office finished with 5/8

painted drywall



OFFICE BUILDING CRANE, IN

•  Commercial office building for lease •  72 ft. x 200 ft •  Low-slope roof

•  Exterior details: •  4 in. split-face block veneer •  29 ga. painted ribbed steel

OFFICE BUILDING CRANE, IN

•  Interior finish: drywall and suspended acoustic tile •  Construction time: 45 days •  Cost per sq. foot: $49

CONCRETE BATCH PLANT WINSTED, MN

•  Size: 94 ft x 40 ft x 30 ft high (silo)

•  44 ft x 60 ft (office) •  Columns (8 ft. oc):

•  4 ply 2x8 glulam (silo) •  4 ply 2x6 nail-lam

(office) •  Exterior finish: •  29 ga. Painted ribbed

steel roof and walls •  Moderra block wainscot

CONCRETE BATCH PLANT WINSTED, MN

•  29 ga. Steel liner panel (silo)

•  Sheetrock finish in the office



CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER

ITHACA, NY •  Inaugural building in

Cornell’s large animal-husbandry teaching complex

•  Facility designed to provide innovative observational educational opportunities for animal science and veterinary medicine students

Institutional PF Educational Facility (38,000 sq ft)


ITHACA, NY

•  Varying angled roof lines •  Recessed gutters •  Modern air-wing roof-system design •  Painted ribbed steel siding finishes the exterior of both a free-stall barn,

milking parlor, and student observation/teaching areas •  Each contains unique features, including sliding Nova-Lite panels and

hydraulic bi-fold doors


ITHACA, NY •  Housing for more than 200 cows •  Modern automated milking parlor •  Fully equipped teaching centers

allowing student observation •  Storage areas for hay, straw, sand,

feed & equipment •  Milking parlor trusses finished with

fiberglass-reinforced plastic and white polycarbonate ceiling liner

•  Clerestory windows at the eaves provide an abundance of natural sunlight


ITHACA, NY

Mono-slope wood trusses

Structural composite rafters Tapered structural composite lumber rafters

Excellent example of the structural & architectural flexibility of PF


ITHACA, NY

•  Construction time: 139 days •  Cost per sq. foot: $156

Modern Post-Frame Building Systems are: •  Cost Effective •  Energy Efficient •  Code Compliant •  Durable •  Sustainable •  Functionally Flexible •  Architecturally Flexible

SUMMARY

87

PF APPLICATIONS & APPEARANCE LIMITED ONLY BY THE DESIGNER�S

IMAGINATION AND CREATIVITY

•  National Frame Building Association (NFBA)

•  www.postframeadvantage.com •  www.NFBA.org •  NFBA

8735 Higgins Road •  Suite 300

Chicago, IL 60631

MORE ABOUT POST FRAME

Ques-ons?+

This(concludes(The(American(InsRtute(of(Architects(ConRnuing(EducaRon(Systems(Course(

Harvey+B.+Manbeck,+PhD,[email protected](

Documents

Architectural+Alterna-ves+for+ …alternaRves(and(beneﬁts.(This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the softwood lumber check-off