ARCHITECTURE | MECHANICAL | ELECTRICAL | CIVIL | TECHNOLOGY

August 31, 2014 2 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

CAMPUS UTILITY METERING 30,000 – 5,000 Foot Look   RMA Webinar  

August 28, 2014 Carol N. Larson, PE, CEM, LEED AP  

Henry Johnstone, P.E., GLHN Architects & Engineers, Inc.  

Why Metering?  Accounting Operations Planning  

ANALYZING AND MONITORING BIG DATA . . .  

Learning Objectives: Capture the utility cost of your buildings  Learn how to fairly charge your customers  

Tools to improve performance  

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CAMPUS ENERGY FLOW

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CAMPUS ENERGY FLOW Campus Energy Flow Summer Operation  

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CAMPUS METERED SYSTEMS

•  Electric Power

• Natural Gas

• Other Fossil Fuels

• Water/Sewer

•  Steam/Condensate

•  Heating Water

•  Chilled Water

•  Electric Power

INPUT   OUTPUT  

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LEVELS OF METERING

•  Purchased commodity (incoming meters)

•  Manufactured utilities (plant production meters)

•  Distribution meters (main feeders, plant flows

•  Customer/Auxiliaries (Res Life, Athletics..)

•  Building Meters

•  Building Submeters: lighting, equip, HVAC panels

•  EMCS Devices: VFDs, CTs, BTUs

•  Internet of Things: copiers, refrigerators, lighting sensors

August 31, 2014 7 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

CAMPUS ELECTRICAL METERING HEIRARCHY

LOAD  BALANCEPEAK  CURTAILMENTTIME  OF  USEINTEGRATION  OF  RENEWABLE  ENERGY  STORAGEDEMAND  RESPONSE  SUPPORT

Building  #3  electric  service  entry

utility  meter

chiller    electric

plant    electricmain

chilled water  pump electric

tower  fanelectric

tower    pumpelectric

boiler    fans  and  aux electric

campusfeeder  "A"

campusfeeder  "B"

Building  #1  chilled Tons

Building  #2  chilled Tons

Building  #1  heat

Building  #2heat

Building  #4  electric  service  entry

Building  #1lighting

Building  #1panel  #2  plug  load

Building  #1AHU #2  fan  load

Building  #1lighting by  room

Building  #1Internet  of  Things:  copiers, refrigerators,  desktops

Building  #1  electric  service  entry

Building  #2  electric  service  entry

Building  #1HVAC  electric

Building  #1plug  load

Building  #1AHU #1  fan  load

Building  #1panel  #1  plug  load

August 31, 2014 8 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

CAMPUS METERED POINT POTENTIAL

order  of  magnitude  of  data  points<10 100 100 100 100 1000

 

ElectricUtility Revenue Meter

Gas Utility Revenue Meter

PlantProduction Meters

Campus Distribution Meters

individual Building Meters

Building Submeters

Individual Device Meters

Lots of individual data points X high frequency polling = BIG data set

August 31, 2014 9 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

POSSIBLE ELEMENTS OF AN ENERGY METERING SYSTEM •  Raw Signal Transducers: polled frequently •  Polled data converted to units of energy,

cumulated •  Data communicated to central processor •  Data history stored with time stamp •  Real time data displayed to show current and

recent state: alarms, flags, trends and visualization graphics

•  Automated data processing in billing cycle •  Platform for analytics

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WHAT IS ENERGY METERING?

Lots  of  inter  related  networked  components  

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WHY ENERGY METERING

"If you can not measure it, you can not improve it.“ Lord Kelvin Sir William Thomson

"The true measure of a man is what he would do if he knew he would never be caught."

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WHY ENERGY METERING

THREE REASONS

1.  Accounting

2.  Operations

3.  Planning

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WHY ENERGY METERING

Allocate energy component of overall utility cost

Set billing rates for customers and auxiliaries

Document to take advantage of Indirect Cost recovery opportunities

Basis of a transparent, auditable, and equitable system.

Drive behavior change within student, staff, community

1. Accounting

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ACCOUNTING ALLOCATION OF ENERGY WITHIN UTILITY COST Utility cost is built from variable energy or raw utility costs, maintenance and operations, planned renewal, and fixed debt service from major capital improvements

electric  25%  

gas  20%  

water/sewer  2%  

M&O  30%  

renewal  10%  

debt  13%  

u)lity  cost  breakdown  

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ACCOUNTING ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING BILLING RATES •  Auxiliaries and Customers

- Monitor real time energy use behavior

● On peak usage

● Return water temperature

•  Indirect Cost Recovery Opportunities

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WHY ENERGY METERING

Early Warning, Real Time Performance Monitoring

Developing, Testing and Validating System Improvements

Participate in Real-Time, Internally and Externally Driven Energy Response. Smart Grid

2. Operations

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OPERATIONS DEVELOPING, TESTING AND VALIDATING

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OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE •  Electric Service Provider: Tucson Electric Power •  Rate Schedule: Large Light and Power Time of Use Program (LLP-90) •  Format: On/Off Peak Consumption, kWh (Energy) + Demand, kW (Power)

  On Peak

Consumption Off Peak

Consumption Demand Jan 14% 36% 49% Feb 13% 37% 50% Mar 13% 40% 47% Apr 13% 36% 50% May 17% 32% 52% Jun 15% 34% 51% Jul 17% 34% 49%

Aug 16% 33% 51% Sep 16% 33% 51% Oct 16% 38% 46% Nov 14% 37% 49% Dec 14% 36% 50%

15% 35% 50%

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OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE

Ratchet Cost:

“75% of the maximum on-peak period billing demand used for billing purposes in the preceding 11 months”

OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE

20

0  

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

0.8  

0.9  

1  

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

On-

Pea

k kW

De

ma

nd

On-Peak Demand Profile

February 20, 2014 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

Main Campus

AHSC Campus

Delta

Peak

75% Ratchet Peak

Load Shift

5000

7500

10000

17500

20000

22500

Simultaneity

Main

AHSC

21 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC. February 20, 2014

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000

10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 23,000

1 9 17

25

33

41

49

57

65

73

81

89

97

10

5 11

3 12

1 12

9 13

7 14

5 15

3 16

1 16

9 17

7 18

5 19

3 20

1 20

9 21

7 22

5 23

3 24

1 24

9 25

7

pe

ak

de

ma

nd b

y d

ay

Only a few hours where demand is above 20,000 kW

•  Operate plants in close parallel

•  Ride out short duration peaks

•  Activate standby gensets through mid duration peaks

•  Enhance TES Operation

18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000

Peak Daily Demand Duration

7000

7500

8000

8500

9000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Short Duration

Mid Duration

OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE

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OPERATIONS: SMART GRID

RELIABILITY  BI-­‐DIRECTIONALITY  EFFICIENCY  LOAD  BALANCE  PEAK  CURTAILMENT  TIME  OF  USE  INTEGRATION  OF  RENEWABLE    ENERGY  STORAGE  DEMAND  RESPONSE  SUPPORT  

August 31, 2014 23 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

OPERATIONS: PLANT OPTIMIZATION CPECS  Achieves  Op)mal  and  Predic)ve  Central  Plant  Energy  Performance  (kW/ton)  While  Maintaining  Cooling  Needs  and  Respec)ng  Equipment  Limita)ons    CPECS  uXlizes  ConXnual  Feedback  Loops  and  Advanced  control  algorithms  to  provide  real  Xme  and  predicXve  data  processing  that  analyzes  the  historical  data,  load  profiles  of  the  building,  climate  data  and  the  manufacture's  equipment  performance  models  to  provide  automaXc  modulaXon  of  control  levels  to  all  VFD's.  CPECS  logic  provides  the  maximum  level  of  system  performance  while  respecXng  chiller,  tower,  building  flow  and  temperature  limits.  

August 31, 2014 24 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

CAMPUS ENERGY FLOW 3. Planning  

- Establish Baseline at all levels •  Compare campus to similar situations : internal/ external (CBECS,

Sightlines) •  Ground Plane for Internal pay-from-savings or External Energy

Performance Contracting projects •  Basis of Building Energy Improvement process •  Essential to long term Rcx Persistence

- Evaluate Alternative Energy Investments •  Test financial consequences of renewables, CHP, TES, Smart Grid •  Evaluate alternative utility tariffs and procurement strategies

- Quantify available capacity and performance - Establish long term utility strategies based on granular, time dependent understanding

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PLANNING

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PLANNING: BASIS OF IMPROVEMENT

IMPROVEMENT CYCLE

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PLANNING SEGMENTING ENERGY USE

August 31, 2014 28 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

PLANNING: EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY STRATEGIES

cap  ex op  exescalation distribution VRF  premium VRF  renewal

1,500,000$               chilled  water 1,500,000$                           1,500,000$              

 extend  piping  prin

cipal  and

 interest  

natural  gas  expense

purchased  electric  expen

se

water/sew

er  expense

M&O  expense

existing  plant  d

ebt

total  cap  ex  +  op

 ex

VRF  rene

wal

VRF  prem

ium

purchased  electric  expen

se

service  contract  expen

se

total  expense

general 1.00% 0 3% 1.50% 2.50% 2.50% 1.00% 3.000% 1.50%natural  gas 1.50% 1 ($125,650) (27,855)$               (8,579)$                   (2,947)$                     (62,093)$                     (22,646)$                     ($249,769) $0 ($125,650) (51,178)$                       (60,000)$                     ($236,828)elec  power 2.50% 2 ($125,650) (28,272)$               (8,793)$                   (3,020)$                     (62,714)$                     (22,646)$                     ($251,096) 1 $0 ($125,650) (52,713)$                       (60,900)$                     ($239,263)rooftop  AC  performance  derate 0.50% 3 ($125,650) (28,697)$               (9,013)$                   (3,096)$                     (63,341)$                     (22,646)$                     ($252,442) 101% $0 ($125,650) (54,294)$                       (61,814)$                     ($241,758)service  frequency  premium 0.50% 4 ($125,650) (29,127)$               (9,238)$                   (3,173)$                     (63,975)$                     (22,646)$                     ($253,809) 102% $0 ($125,650) (55,923)$                       (62,741)$                     ($244,314)

5 ($125,650) (29,564)$               (9,469)$                   (3,252)$                     (64,614)$                     (22,646)$                     ($255,196) 103% $0 ($125,650) (57,601)$                       (63,682)$                     ($246,933)6 ($125,650) (30,007)$               (9,706)$                   (3,334)$                     (65,261)$                     (22,646)$                     ($256,603) 104% $0 ($125,650) (59,329)$                       (64,637)$                     ($249,616)7 ($125,650) (30,457)$               (9,949)$                   (3,417)$                     (65,913)$                     (22,646)$                     ($258,032) 105% $0 ($125,650) (61,109)$                       (65,607)$                     ($252,365)8 ($125,650) (30,914)$               (10,197)$               (3,502)$                     (66,572)$                     (22,646)$                     ($259,482) 106% $0 ($125,650) (62,942)$                       (66,591)$                     ($255,183)9 ($125,650) (31,378)$               (10,452)$               (3,590)$                     (67,238)$                     (22,646)$                     ($260,954) 107% $0 ($125,650) (64,830)$                       (67,590)$                     ($258,070)

Discount  rate 3% 10 ($125,650) (31,849)$               (10,714)$               (3,680)$                     (67,910)$                     (22,646)$                     ($262,448) 108% $0 ($125,650) (66,775)$                       (68,603)$                     ($261,029)bond  interest 3% 11 ($125,650) (32,326)$               (10,982)$               (3,772)$                     (68,590)$                     (22,646)$                     ($263,965) 109% $0 ($125,650) (68,779)$                       (69,632)$                     ($264,061)

  12 ($125,650) (32,811)$               (11,256)$               (3,866)$                     (69,275)$                     (22,646)$                     ($265,504) 110% $0 ($125,650) (70,842)$                       (70,677)$                     ($267,169)plant  loan  term 30 13 ($125,650) (33,303)$               (11,537)$               (3,963)$                     (69,968)$                     (22,646)$                     ($267,067) 111% $0 ($125,650) (72,967)$                       (71,737)$                     ($270,354)building  loan  term 15                         14 ($125,650) (33,803)$               (11,826)$               (4,062)$                     (70,668)$                     (22,646)$                     ($268,654) 112% $0 ($125,650) (75,156)$                       (72,813)$                     ($273,619)

15 ($125,650) (34,310)$               (12,122)$               (4,163)$                     (71,375)$                     (22,646)$                     ($270,265) 113% $0 ($125,650) (77,411)$                       (73,905)$                     ($276,966)16 (34,825)$               (12,425)$               (4,267)$                     (72,088)$                     (22,646)$                     ($146,251) 114% ($143,241) (79,733)$                       (68,400)$                     ($291,374)17 (35,347)$               (12,735)$               (4,374)$                     (72,809)$                     (22,646)$                     ($147,911) 115% ($143,241) (82,125)$                       (69,426)$                     ($294,792)18 (35,877)$               (13,054)$               (4,483)$                     (73,537)$                     (22,646)$                     ($149,597) 116% ($143,241) (84,589)$                       (70,467)$                     ($298,297)19 (36,415)$               (13,380)$               (4,596)$                     (74,273)$                     (22,646)$                     ($151,309) 117% ($143,241) (87,127)$                       (71,524)$                     ($301,892)20 (36,962)$               (13,714)$               (4,710)$                     (75,015)$                     (22,646)$                     ($153,048) 118% ($143,241) (89,740)$                       (72,597)$                     ($305,579)21 (37,516)$               (14,057)$               (4,828)$                     (75,765)$                     (22,646)$                     ($154,813) 119% ($143,241) (92,433)$                       (73,686)$                     ($309,360)22 (38,079)$               (14,409)$               (4,949)$                     (76,523)$                     (22,646)$                     ($156,605) 120% ($143,241) (95,206)$                       (74,792)$                     ($313,238)23 (38,650)$               (14,769)$               (5,073)$                     (77,288)$                     (22,646)$                     ($158,426) 121% ($143,241) (98,062)$                       (75,913)$                     ($317,216)24 (39,230)$               (15,138)$               (5,199)$                     (78,061)$                     (22,646)$                     ($160,274) 122% ($143,241) (101,004)$                   (77,052)$                     ($321,297)25 (39,818)$               (15,517)$               (5,329)$                     (78,842)$                     (22,646)$                     ($162,152) 123% ($143,241) (104,034)$                   (78,208)$                     ($325,483)26 (40,416)$               (15,905)$               (5,463)$                     (79,630)$                     (22,646)$                     ($164,059) 124% ($143,241) (107,155)$                   (79,381)$                     ($329,777)27 (41,022)$               (16,302)$               (5,599)$                     (80,427)$                     (22,646)$                     ($165,995) 125% ($143,241) (110,369)$                   (80,572)$                     ($334,182)28 (41,637)$               (16,710)$               (5,739)$                     (81,231)$                     (22,646)$                     ($167,963) 126% ($143,241) (113,681)$                   (81,780)$                     ($338,702)29 (42,262)$               (17,127)$               (5,883)$                     (82,043)$                     (22,646)$                     ($169,961) 127% ($143,241) (117,091)$                   (83,007)$                     ($343,339)30 (42,896)$               (17,556)$               (6,030)$                     (82,864)$                     (22,646)$                     ($171,990) 128% ($143,241) (120,604)$                   (84,252)$                     ($348,097)

($1,884,748) cummulative ($6,275,639) ($2,148,613) ($1,884,748) ($2,434,803) ($2,141,986) ($8,610,150)NPV ($4,298,757)   ($5,456,423)

(1,045,626)$     (376,630)$           (129,359)$           (2,159,905)$         (679,371)$                delta  c ($2,334,511) 21.22%delta  NPV ($1,157,666)

($6,000,000)  

($5,000,000)  

($4,000,000)  

($3,000,000)  

($2,000,000)  

($1,000,000)  

$0    1   3   5   7   9   11  13  15  17  19  21  23  25  27  29  

cummula)

ve  ann

ual    expe

nse  

cummula)ve  cashflows  

extend  plant  cummulaXve  discounted  

bldg  standalone  cummulaXve  discounted  

August 31, 2014 29 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.

SUMMARY: INVESTMENT IN METERING PLAN  CONCEIVE  END-­‐IN-­‐MIND  ROADMAP  EXISTING  COMPONENTS,  SYSTEMS,  NETWORKS,  INFRASTRUCTURE    IMPLEMENT  EVALUATE  ALTERNATIVES  NEW    METERING  COMPONENT  HARDWARE:  OFTEN  REVENUE  GRADE  DATA  MANAGEMENT  SOFTWARE  INTEGRATION,  IMPLEMENTATION,  VALIDATION    MAINTAIN  HARDWARE    CALIBRATION  SOFTWARE  ACTIVE  INTERACTION  AND    OVERSIGHT    LONG  TERM  MANAGEMENT  COMMITMENT