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ARDUINO BASED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM SATHIS A/L VATUMALAI Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Hons.) in Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG June 2016

ARDUINO BASED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM SATHIS …umpir.ump.edu.my/16192/2/Arduino based solar tracking system...The objectives of this project are to track and optimize the maximum output

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Page 1: ARDUINO BASED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM SATHIS …umpir.ump.edu.my/16192/2/Arduino based solar tracking system...The objectives of this project are to track and optimize the maximum output

ARDUINO BASED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM

SATHIS A/L VATUMALAI

Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons.) in Mechatronics Engineering

Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

June 2016

Page 2: ARDUINO BASED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM SATHIS …umpir.ump.edu.my/16192/2/Arduino based solar tracking system...The objectives of this project are to track and optimize the maximum output

vi

ABSTRACT

This thesis proposes the dual axis solar tracker for optimum solar cell implementation using

dc-dc boost converter controlled by fuzzy logic controller with the maximum power point

tracking (MPPT) method. The objectives of this project are to track and optimize the

maximum output power of the solar panel by designing and implementing the fuzzy logic

controller using microcontroller as well as to regulate the output voltage of the solar panel

using dc-dc boost converter. The system includes a solar panel, DC-DC boost converter, the

fuzzy logic controller implemented on Arduino Uno for controlling on/off time of MOSFET

of the boost converter, voltage divider and optocoupler circuit as a driver for MOSFET.

Tracking and detecting the angle of the sun to locate the surface plate of solar cell at the

position and the angle where it can get maximum amount of energy. The solar panel must

have sensors that can detect the position of the sun and dc motors act as free moving neck to

make it easier to move freely depending on the angle detected. The light dependent resistor

(LDR) will be used as sun tracking. The photocell panel will detect the existing of sun and

the surface plate of photocell panel will move horizontal and vertical axis depending on the

value of LDR detected to follow the angular degree of sun in order to get maximum and

best result of absorbing energy. Moreover, this project presents a fuzzy logic real time code

in Arduino language for ATmega328 microcontroller at Arduino Uno board. The result

obtained from the Arduino coding is the variation of duty cycle of PWM signal according to

the voltage of solar panel. The final result obtained from dc-dc boost converter showed that

the output voltage has been regulated. Overall, the designed system increases the efficiency

of the solar panel based on experimental results.

Page 3: ARDUINO BASED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM SATHIS …umpir.ump.edu.my/16192/2/Arduino based solar tracking system...The objectives of this project are to track and optimize the maximum output

vii

ABSTRAK

Tesis ini mencadangkan dua paksi tracker solar pelaksanaan sel solar yang optimum

menggunakan rangsangan penukar arus terus yang dikawal oleh pengawal logik kabur

dengan kaedah pengesanan titik kuasa maksimum. Objektif projek ini adalah untuk

mengesan dan mengoptimumkan kuasa panel solar dengan merekabentuk dan

melaksanakan pengawal logik kabur dengan menggunakan mikropengawal serta untuk

mengawal voltan keluaran panel solar menggunakan rangsangan penukar arus terus.

Sistem ini mengandungi panel solar, penukar rangsangan arus terus, pengawal logik

kabur yang dilaksanakan dengan Arduino Uno untuk mengawal “MOSFET” yang

terdapat dalam rangsangan penukar, pembahagi voltan dan litar “optocoupler” sebagai

pemandu “MOSFET”. Penjejakan dan mengesan sudut matahari untuk mencari plat

permukaan sel solar pada kedudukan dan sudut di mana ia boleh mendapatkan jumlah

maksimum tenaga. Panel solar mesti mempunyai sensor yang boleh mengesan

kedudukan matahari dan dc motor bertindak memusingkan panel tersebut bergerak

bebas untuk membuat ia lebih mudah untuk bergerak bebas bergantung kepada sudut

yang dikesan. Perintang peka cahaya (LDR) akan digunakan sebagai pengesanan cahaya

matahari. Panel photocell akan mengesan matahari yang sedia ada dan plat permukaan

panel photocell akan bergerak pada paksi mendatar dan menegak bergantung kepada

nilai LDR dikesan untuk mengikuti kedudukan sudut matahari untuk mendapatkan

cahaya maksimum dan terbaik hasil daripada menyerap tenaga. Projek ini juga

membentangkan kod masa sebenar logik kabur dalam bahasa Arduino untuk

mikropengawal “ATmega328” yang terdapat di papan Arduino Uno. Keputusan yang

diperolehi daripada pengekodan Arduino adalah variasi isyarat kitar tugas nadi lebar

modulasi mengikut voltan panel solar. Keputusan akhir yang diperolehi daripada

rangsangan penukar arus terus menunjukkan bahawa voltan keluaran dari panel solar

telah dikawal dan dioptimumkan. Secara keseluruhannya, sistem yang direka telah

meningkatkan kecekapan panel solar berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen.