Indian River Basin - Rajasthan, based on the details from IRSS and ISRO. It provides vast details on agriculture, flood plains, fertility of soil, temparature
Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in1
Version 2.0 Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.ini Preface
Optimalmanagementofwaterresourcesisthenecessityoftimeinthewakeofdevelopmentand
growingneedofpopulationofIndia.TheNationalWaterPolicyofIndia(2002)recognizesthat
development and management of water resources need to be governed
by national perspectives in
ordertodevelopandconservethescarcewaterresourcesinanintegratedandenvironmentally
soundbasis.Thepolicyemphasizestheneedforeffectivemanagementofwaterresourcesby
intensifyingresearcheffortsinuseofremotesensingtechnologyanddevelopinganinformation
system. In this reference a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was
signed on December 3, 2008 between theCentral Water Commission
(CWC) and National RemoteSensing Centre (NRSC), Indian
SpaceResearchOrganisation(ISRO)toexecutetheprojectGenerationofDatabaseand
Implementation of Web enabled Water resources Information System in
the Country short named as India-WRIS WebGIS. India-WRIS WebGIS has
been developed and is in public domainsince December 2010
(www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in). It provides a Single Window solution
for all water resources data and information
inastandardizednationalGISframeworkandallowuserstosearch,access,visualize,understand
andanalyzecomprehensiveandcontextualwaterresourcesdataandinformationforplanning,
development and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Basin
is recognized as the ideal and practical unit of water resources
management because it allows
theholisticunderstandingofupstream-downstreamhydrologicalinteractionsandsolutionsfor
managementforallcompetingsectorsofwaterdemand.Thepracticeofbasinplanninghasdeveloped
due to the changing demands on river systems
andthechangingconditionsofrivers by humaninterventions.
Themultipleusesof waterandvaryingdemands onariverbasinrequirean
integrated approach to managing river basin.Basin wise report
generation is one the important deliverables of India-WRIS project.
Report of Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan Basin describes
systematically the present status of water resources:
majorwaterresourcesprojects,hydro-meteorologicalobservations,surfaceandgroundwater
development scenario, topographic characteristics, climatic
variability, land use / land cover pattern
&alliednaturalresourcesalongwithsocio-economicprofileofthebasin.Thereportcontains
valuable latest information of the basin on all aspects of water
resources and allied sectors and will
beusefulasbaselineinformationfortheirrigationofficials,hydrologists,agriculturalists,
conservationists, research organizations and all those involved in
the development of Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan Basin.Area
of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.inii
Acknowledgment The Inland Drainage in Rajasthan Basin report is an
outcome of the project Generation of Database
andImplementationofWebenabledWaterresourcesInformationSystemintheCountryshort
namedasIndia-WRISWebGISjointlyexecutedbytheCentralWaterCommission(CWC)and
NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC),IndianSpaceResearchOrganization(ISRO).This
comprehensive publication gives the present status of water
resources assets, topographic features,
climaticvariability,landuse/landcoverpattern&alliednaturalresourcesalongwithsocio-economic
information of the basin. We, on behalf of the authors and
India-WRIS project team acknowledge;Shri Alok Rawat, Secretary,
MinistryofWaterResources;Mrs.SudhaMidha,AdditionalSecretary,MinistryofWaterResources;
Er. A. B. Pandya, Chairman, Central Water Commission; Dr. K.
Radhakrishnan, Chairman,
IndianSpaceResearchOrganizationandSecretary,DepartmentofSpace;ShriSudarsanam
Srinivasan,SecretarytoGOIandMember-Finance,DepartmentofSpace;ShriA.VijayAnand,
Additional Secretary, Department of Space;Dr. V. Koteswara Rao,
Scientific Secretary, ISRO;Dr. V. Jayaraman,
Ex-Director,NRSCforconstant
encouragementandguidance,technicaldiscussionsand for evincing keen
interest in India-WRIS project and this
report.OurforemostacknowledgementistowardsIndia-WRISprojectteamwhocreatedandorganizedlarge
number of data sets and information in GIS format as seamless
layers and attribute data for the entire country which served as
base for this report. Thanks are also due to all CWC and
NRSC/ISROofficialswhocarriedoutthequalityassuranceandshowntheirenthusiastic
involvement.Finally,oursincerethanksaretoalldivisionsandofficialsofNRSCandCWCfortheir
valuable support during the preparation of this report. The basin
report includes the results generated through interpretation of
latest satellite imageries as
wellascompilationofhugeinformationfromvoluminousrecords.Thiswouldnothavebeen
possiblewithoutthecountrywidesupport.Wewouldliketothankalltheorganizations,institutes
and individuals who contributed either directly or indirectly in
bringing out this publication. Dr. J R Sharma Project Director,
India-WRIS& Chief General Manager, RCs/ NRSC/ ISRO, New Delhi
Er. Yogesh Paithankar Project In-charge, India-WRIS & Director,
CWC, New Delhi Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.iniii Executive Summary India is endowed
with rich water resources. Rapidly increasing population, rising
standards of living andexponentialgrowth
ofindustrializationandurbanisationhaveexposedthewaterresources.In
ordertoutilisethewaterefficientlythecommonpeopleshouldknowabouttheavailabilityofthe
current water resources present in the country.For effective
utilisation and management of water resources this report has been
generated for Area
ofInlandDrainageinRajasthanbasintoprovideanoverviewonthewaterstatisticsanditscritical
parameters.AreaofinlandDrainageinRajasthanbasinshowsvariationsinclimate,landuse,
cropping pattern and in availability of water resources. The basin
extends over states of Haryana and Rajasthan. It lies between 6913
to 7715 east longitudes and 2531 to 2944 northlatitudes. The
basinspreadsover16parliamentaryconstituencies(2009),comprising7ofHaryanaand9of
Rajasthanwiththetotalpopulation of16929250.Theterrain
ofthebasinisflat.Theclimateof the basin is characterized by
extremely high temperature range and aridity. The major part of the
basin receivesan average annual rainfall of over 288.94 mm.The
averageannual maximum temperature of the basin is 40 C while the
average annual minimum is 6 C. The rivers of basin include few
rivers namely, Ghugri, Sukhri, Kantu and Dohan river in western
Rajasthan. Most of them are ephemeral in nature. The basin consists
mainly of grey brown, desert, alluvial and sandy soil. Due to less
amount
ofrainfallinthebasin,90percentoftheareaexperiencesmoderatesoilerosionandhasverylow
soil productivity. The major part of the basin is covered with
agriculture accounting to 64.15 percent
ofthearea.Outofthetotalbasinarea30.63percentiswastelandwithmajoritypartofJaisalmer
area covered with sandy and scrub land. Lakes/Ponds are most
predominant followed bytanks and very less reservoirs. The basin
hasbeen divided into threeagro-climatic zones namely Western Dry
region, Trans-Gangetic Plains region and Central Plateau and Hills
region. The basin comprises of two
agro-ecologicalzones:HotaridecoregionwithdesertandsalineSoilzoneandHotsemi-arid
ecoregion with alluvium-derived soils zone. Due to very flat
terrain and non-existence of permanent drainage network, it is not
possible to sub-divide this basin into small hydrological units.
There are a total of 11047 surface water bodies and it
has13irrigationprojects.Thebasinhasabout724groundwaterobservationwells.Thebasinhas
shownavariedpatterninthewaterlevelfluctuationduetorechargebybothriseandfallinthe
level,ingeneralthereisafallofgroundwaterlevelduetodraft.Themajorlithologyfoundinthe
basinistypeofsand,clay,KankarGravelandsilt.Thebasinconsistsof105exploratorywells
locations for aquifer and litho logical
studies.Thereare49waterresourceassetsinBasin.Thebasinhas48liftsand1dam.Thereislackof
reservoirs and major medium irrigation projects. There are724
ground water observation wells lying
inthebasin.IMDhasestablished48meteorological
stationsinthebasinwhichareprovidingbasic
meteorologicalparameterswithtemporaldataofsomestations.Groundwaterqualityofbasinis
affected by chloride, nitrate, Salinity, Fluorine and iron. There
are two important inter-basin transfer links in the basin and the
basin has 15 major water tourism sites. Area of Inland Drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.iniv Table of Contents Preface
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i Acknowledgment
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Executive Summary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iii 1. Introduction
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1.1.Overview of basin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1.2.Topography
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 1.3.Climate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 1.3.1.Rainfall
........................................................................................................................
7 1.3.2.Temperature
................................................................................................................
9 1.4.Major rivers
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 1.5.Land use/land cover
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 1.6.Soils
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 1.7.Agro-climatic zones
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 1.8.Agro-Ecological zones
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 1.9.Demography
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 2. Hydrological units
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 3. Surface water resources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 3.1.Surface waterbodies
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 3.2.Water resource projects
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25 3.2.1 Major and medium irrigation
projects.........................................................................
25 3.2.2 Dams, Barrages/Weirs/Anicuts
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
25 3.2.3 Command area and canal
network..............................................................................
27 3.2.4 Multipurpose Projects
................................................................................................
27 3.2.5 Interstate
Projects-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
4. Ground water resources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 4.1 Ground water observation wells
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 4.2 Ground water level fluctuation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 4.3 Litholog well locations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34 5. Hydro-met observations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 5.1 Meteorological stations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 6. Water
quality------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37 6.1 Ground water quality observations
--------------------------------------------------------------- 37
7. Inter-basin transfer links
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39 8. Water Tourism Sites
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
41 9. Conclusion
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
43 Annexure I: State, district and parliamentary constituency in
the basin ----------------------- 44 Annexure II: Climate
Temperature (1969-2004) profile in the basin
--------------------------- 46 Annexure III: Inventory of surface
water resources --------------------------------------------------
46 Annexure IV: Inventory of litholog well locations
---------------------------------------------------- 50 Annexure V:
Inventory of Water Tourism Sites
-------------------------------------------------------- 55
Acronyms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56 References
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
59 Authors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60 India WRIS Project Team
-------------------------------------------------Error! Bookmark
not defined. Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.inv List of Tables Table 1. Salient
Features of the
Basin------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Table 2. Elevation
Zones-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 Table 3. Land use/Land Cover statistics(2005-2006)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------10
Table 4. Number and size of Waterbodies.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
Table 5. Number of water resource
projects---------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
Table 6. Water Resource
Assets--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
Table 7.Meteorological
Stations-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
Table 8. Water tourism
sites------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
List of Maps Map 1. Index
Map-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Map 2a. Satellite Imagery of Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
Basin-------------------------------------------3 Map 2b. Basin-
Drainage-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Map 3. Elevation
Zones------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 Map 4. Annual Average
Rainfall-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Map 5. Land use/cover statistics (2005-2006)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Map 6. Soil
Texture------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
Map 7. Soil
Erosion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 Map 8. Soil
Slope---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
Map 9. Soil
productivity------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 Map 10. Agro-climatic
zones------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Map 11. Agro-ecological
zones---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
Map 12. Population
Density------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
Map 13. Water resource assets of
Basin---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
Map 14. Command Area and Canal
Network--------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Map 15. Location of Ground water observation
wells---------------------------------------------------------------------30
Map 16. Ground water level fluctuation (Recharge)
----------------------------------------------------------------------32
Map 17. Ground water level fluctuation (Draft)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------33
Map 18. Litholog well
locations--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
Map 19. Inter-basin Transfer
Links----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
Map 20. Water tourism
sites-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
List of Figures Figure 1. State wise drainage area of Area of
Inland Drainage in Rajasthan basin--------------------------------5
Figure 2. Monthly average temperature (1969-2004)
---------------------------------------------------------------------9
Figure 3. Trend of monthly average
rainfall----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
Figure 4 . Type and numberof
waterbodies---------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in1 1.
Introduction 1.1.Overview of basin
ThebasinextendsoverstatesofHaryanaandRajasthanandliesbetween6913to7715east
longitudes and 2531 to 2944 north latitudes. It is bounded by the
Punjab plains on the north and
east,byAravallirangeonthesouthandbyTharDesertonthewest.Totalareaofthebasinis
approximately 1, 39,917.03 Sq.Km. Small rivers draining into the
basin are the Kantu, the Kakni, the
GhugriandtheSukri.Themajorpartofthebasiniscoveredwithagriculturallandaccountingto
64.15percentofthetotalareaand0.4percentofthebasiniscoveredbywaterbodies.Thebasin
spreads over 16 parliamentary constituencies (2009) comprising 7 of
Haryana and 9 of Rajasthan.For more details refer Annexure I A, B.
The location of the basin is shown in Index map in Map 1. The
salient features of the basin are given in Table 1. The satellite
imagery of IRS P6 AWiFS False Colour
CompositeoftheAreaofInlandDrainageinRajasthanbasinisshowninMap2aandthedrainage
spread of the basin is shown in Map2b. Table 1. Salient Features of
the Basin Salient Features of the Basin. 1Basin Extent69 13' to 77
15' E 25 31' to 29 44' N 2Area (Sq.km)1,39,917.03 Sq. Km (GIS
Calculated) 3States in the basinRajasthan (87%), Haryana(13%)
4Districts (Census 2011)25 5Parliamentary Constituencies (2009)16
6Average Annual Rainfall (mm)288.94 7Mean Maximum Temperature (o
C)33.55 8Mean Minimum Temperature (o C)17.95 9Total
Population16315258 10Number of villages8492 11Highest Elevation
(m)965 12Number of water resources structuresDams-1 Lifts-48
13Number of Irrigation projectsMajor-11 Medium-1 ERM-1 14Number of
Ground water observation wells724 15Number of Hydro-Observation
Sites48 16Water tourism sites15 Area of Inland Drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in2 Map 1. Index MapArea of
Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in3 Map 2a.
Satellite Imagery of Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan BasinArea
of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in4 Map 2b.
Basin- Drainage Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in5 Figure 1. State wise drainage area of
Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan basin 1.2.Topography The Area
of Inland drainage in Rajasthan basin has flat terrain. The region
slopes, generally from east
towestandnorthtosouth.Thenorth-easternpartoftheregionhasageneralelevationofabout
300 m, but towards the south it has about 150 m. The western half
is covered with sand dunes and
smallhillocksexposedinbetween.Someofthedunesaresemi-stabilized.Thesearefoundin
isolation or in longitudinal down-ward continuation or occasionally
sideby side. The limestoneand sandstone rocks are exposed in tract
of Jaisalmer-Barmer-Bikaner. Out of the total area, 45 percent
ofthebasinareafallsintheelevationrangeof200-300m.Theelevationvariationofthebasinis
given in Table 2 and Map 3. Table 2. Elevation Zones Sl.
No.Elevation (m)% of Total Area 110-500.06 250-1004.85
3100-20030.52 4200-30045.49 5300-40016.16 6400-5002.43 7500-7500.45
8750-10000.03 Rajasthan:121425.6 Sq.km (87 %)Haryana:18491.44 Sq.km
(13 %)Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in6 Map 3. Elevation ZonesArea of Inland
Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in7 1.3.Climate The
climate ofthebasin is characterized by extremely high
temperaturerange and aridity. It is one
ofthehottestbasinsofIndia.ThetemperaturebeginstorisesharplyeverywherefromMarch,
reaches the maximum in May and June and remains quite high until
October, then start falling. The highest mean relative humidity is
found in wet months of year from July to September. Dust storms
arecommonwhichsuddenlybringsdownthetemperaturecausingoccasionalshowers.These
stormsdecreaseinnumberandintensityeastwards.Therainfallisverylow,highlyerraticand
variable seasonally as well as yearly. Most of the rain occurs in
the rainy months of July and August in short and stormy showers
with a relatively high intensity. In the basin four distinct
seasons occur. They are winter, summer, and monsoon and post
monsoon. Winter seasons begin in November and continuous tillthe
end of February. January is generally thecoldest month of theyear.
Clear bright
weatherinterspersedbybriefspellsofcloudyweatherandaccompaniedbyalittleraincausedby
westerndisturbancestraversingnorthIndia,isexperiencedduringthispartoftheyear.Thewinds
blowmainlyfromnorth tosouth.March onwardsthehotweathersetsinand
continuoustillJune. For more details refer Annexure II.
1.3.1.Rainfall The major part of the basin receivesan average
annual rainfall of over 288.94 mm. The south-west monsoon sets in
by the middle of June and continuous to be active till September
(92 percent of the annual rainfall occurs during this period).
Heavy rains occur in association with monsoon depressions from the
Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
ThesouthwestmonsoonwithdrawsbyaboutthemiddleofSeptemberandweatherclearsup.
Pleasant weather prevails till the end of December. Maximum
rainfall is received in the districts like Kaithal, Jind,
KurukshetraandKarnal. Spatial distribution of rainfall variation is
shown in Map 4. Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in8 Map 4. Annual Average RainfallArea of
Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in9
1.3.2.Temperature
Thebasinfacesvariabilityintemperatureindifferentpartsofthebasin.Dailytemperature
(maximum, minimum and mean) gridded data (1x 1 ) for 35 years
(1971-2004) collected from IMD
hasbeenanalyzed.Meantemperatureiscalculatedastheaverageofmaximumandminimum
temperature.Theaverageannualmaximumtemperatureofthebasinis40C.whiletheaverage
annualminimumtemperatureis6C.TheanalysisoftemperatureisshowninFigure2.Detailed
month wise temperature profile is given in Annexure II. Figure 2.
Monthly average temperature (1969-2004) The highest rainfall of
778.92 mm was observed in 1975 and lowest rainfall of 150 mm was
recorded in 1987. The trend line shows that there is a considerable
decrease in average annual rainfall. During
themonsoonmonthsofJunetoSeptember,thebasinreceivesmaximumoftheannual
precipitation.The Figure 3 shows the trend of rainfall for the
period 1971-2004. Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in10 Figure 3. Trend of monthly average
rainfall 1.4.Major rivers The rivers of Inland Drainage Basin
include few rivers namely; Ghugri, Sukhri, Kantu and Dohan river in
Western Rajasthan. TheseRivers disappears in mostpart of the
yeardue to scanty rainfall. Most of them are ephemeral in nature.
1.5.Land use/land cover
Thebasinholdsavarietyoflanduse/landcoverclasses.Themajorpartofbasiniscoveredwith
agriculture accounting to 64.15 percent and wasteland constituting
30.63 percent of the total basin area. The major part of Jaisalmer
area is covered with sand and scrub land. The whole of this region
is largely sandy and at places bare are exposed. Vegetal cover is
very thin and only a few small trees
canbeobservedhereandthere.Largeareaiscoveredwithscrubswhicharethornyandhave
stunted growth. The distribution of land use / land cover in the
basin during 2005-06 is given in Table 3 and Map 5. Table 3. Land
use/Land Cover statistics(2005-2006) Sl.No.Category% of Total Area
1Built Up Land1.25 2Agricultural64.15 3Forest1.17 4Grassland2.40
5Wasteland30.63 6Waterbodies0.40 Area of Inland Drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in11 Map 5. Land use/cover
statistics (2005-2006) Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in12 1.6.Soils Soil iscomposedof
minerals,mixedwithsome organicmatter,whichdifferfromits parent
materials intermsofitstexture,
structure,consistency,color,chemical,biologicalandother
characteristics.Informationonthesoilprofileisalsorequiredforsimulatingthehydrological
character of the basin.
ThesoilsofAreaofInlandDrainageinRajasthanbasinaregenerallycharacterizedassandy,
containing 90 to 95 percent sand and 5 to 7 percent clay. Desert
soil extends considerable over the
districtsofGanganagar,Bikaner,Churu,Barmer,Jaisalmer,Jhunjhunu.Thissoilcontainshigh
percentage of soluble salt and has high pH value. Alluvial soil is
mainly concentrated in the southern
partoftheGanganagar;thissoilisgoodforagriculture.Salinesoilsarefoundinthedepressionof
Barmer,Jaisalmer,andBikaner.Thebasinconsists
mainlyofgreybrown,desert,alluvialandsandy
soil.Duetolessamountofrainfallinthebasin90percentoftheareaexperiencesmoderatesoil
erosion and has very low soil productivity. Soil texture is
determined by the relative proportion of clay, silt and sand
particles. Coarse- textured
soilsaresandy.Medium-texturedsoilscontainmainlysiltwithsmalleramountsofsandandclay.
Fine-texturedsoilshaveahighpercentageofclayandlesssiltorsand.InAreaofInlandDrainage
majority part of the soil has coarse texture. The type of soil
texture in the basin is shown in Map 6.
SoilErosionisthedetachmentandmovementofsoilfromoneplacetoanothercausedbywater
and/orwindanditcauseslanddegradation.TheAreaofInlandDrainagebasinisfacingmoderate
soilerosion.Somepartsofthebasinarealsopronetoseveresoilerosionduetoduststorms.Soil
erosion and its affected area is shown in Map 7. Soil slope is the
number of feet of rise or fall in each 100 feet of land and it is
one of the factors of surface runoff. The basin has combination of
very gentle and moderate slope. Type of soil slope and its area is
shown in Map 8.
Soilproductivityisreferredtotheabilityofthesoiltoyieldcrops.Thechieffactorsinsoil
productivityaresoilorganicmatter(includingmicrobialbiomass),soiltexture,structure,depth,
nutrientcontent,water-storagecapacity,reactionandabsenceoftoxicelements.Mostofthesoil
facessoilerosionandbecomelessproductive.Duetosoilerosionandlackofwateravailabilityits
soilproductivityismoderateandgives
moderatecropproduction.Soilproductivity variationin the basin is
shown in Map 9. Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in13 Map 6. Soil Texture Area of Inland
Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in14 Map 7. Soil
Erosion Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in15 Map 8. Soil Slope Area of Inland
Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in16 Map 9. Soil
productivity Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in17 1.7.Agro-climatic zones An
agro-climatic zone is a land unit uniform in respect of climate and
length of growing period (LGP)
whichisclimaticallysuitableforacertainrangeofcropsandcultivars(Source:FAO1983).The
climaticconditionslikerainfall,temperature,humidity,windvelocityanddurationofsunshineetc.
of a region affect the agricultural cropping pattern. Annual
rainfall and its distribution over the entire
year,andtheregimesofdiurnalandannualtemperaturesaretheprominentfactorsaffecting
agriculture and the life style of the people. Planning Commission
of India (1989) made an attempt to
delineatethecountryintodifferentagroclimaticregionsbasedonhomogeneityinrainfall,
temperature,topography,croppingandfarmingsystemsandwaterresources.Onthebasisof
climaticconditionsandagriculturalproduce,AreaofInlandDrainageinRajasthanbasinhasbeen
divided into three agro-climatic zones, each one having special
characteristics of its own as shown in Map 10. The main
characteristics of the agro-climatic zones of the basin are
describes below: 1.The Western Dry region: A major part (87 %) of
the basin falls in this region, complete Rajasthan
partisfallinginthisregion,andFatehbaddistrictofHaryanaandischaracterizedbyarid
conditions with hot climate, erratic rainfall, high evaporation,
scanty vegetation and fragile eco-system. The ground water is deep
and often brackish. Famine and drought are common features of the
region. The region mainly has coarse cereals based cropping systems
with poultry farming and cattle, goat, sheep, camel are reared as
primary means of livelihood.
2.TheTrans-GangeticPlainsregion:Thisregionholds12percentofthetotalbasinareaand
consistsofpartsHanumangarhdistrictofRajasthanandKaithal,Jind,Hisar,Bhiwani,Karnal,
RohtakpartsofHaryana.Theregionisrichwater&soilresourcesandhascomparativelyhigh
land productivity level with delicate water balance in the region
as exploitation of groundwater
hasalreadysurpassedhundredpercentofutilizablebalance.Theregionhasbothriceand
wheat based cropping system with Poultry farming and buffalo and
cattle are reared. 3.Central Plateau and Hills region: The very
little part (1 percent of total basin area) of the basin is covered
by this region. The basin comprises of only 3 districts of Haryana
namely Mahendragarh, Rewari, and part of Sikar district of
Rajasthan. The topography is highly variable nearly 1/3rd of
thelandisnotavailableforcultivationandIrrigationandcroppingintensityarecomparatively
low where 75 percent of the area is rainfed grown with low value
cereal crops.A Large volume oflandandwaterresourcesexistsin
thisregion withverylowproductivitywithpredominance
ofsubsistenceagricultureandexcessiverunoff.Thepotentialofhorticultureandlivestockare
under-utilized.Theregionmainlyhascoarsecerealsbasedcroppingsystemswithpoultry
farming as primary means of livelihood. Area of Inland Drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in18 Map 10. Agro-climatic
zonesArea of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in19 1.8.Agro-Ecological zones
Agricultureishighlydependentonsoilsandclimate.Theever-increasingneedforfoodtosupport
thegrowingpopulationinthecountrydemandsasystematicappraisalofitssoilandclimate
resources in order to prepare effective land-use plans. India has a
variety of landscapes and climate conditions and this is reflected
in the development of different soils and types of vegetation.
Based
onclimatedataandanup-to-datesoildatabase,thecountryhasbeendividedinto20agro-ecologicalzones.Eachagro-ecologicalzoneisuniformintermsofphysiography,climate,lengthof
growing period and soil type for macro level land-use planning. Out
of twenty agro-ecological zones,
theAreaofInlandDrainageinRajasthanbasincomprisesof2agro-ecologicalzonesasdepictedin
Map 11. The main contributing agro-ecological zones of the basin
are described below:
HotaridecoregionwithdesertandsalineSoilzone:Thiszonecoverabout95percentofthetotal
basin area of the basin. The western Plain, hot and arid
agro-ecoregion, covers south western parts western Rajasthan and
Haryana. Theregion ischaracterized by typical hot summer and cool
winter
(arid).Theannualprecipitationislessthan300mmandthemeanannualPotential
Evapotranspiration(PET)israngesbetween15002000mm.Theecosystemsrepresentaridicsoil
moistureandhyperthermicsoiltemperatureregimeswithanannualLGP
oflessthan90days.The
areaisunderrainfedMono-cropping(traditional)agriculture.Thenaturalvegetationcomprises
sparse,sporadictropicalthornforest.Theresistantandshortdurationrainyseasoncrops,suchas
pearl millet, chari (fodder), and pulses are grown in non-saline
areas. In areas favored by availability of irrigation water,cotton,
sugarcane, mustard, gram and wheat are grown. Hotsemi-aridecoregion
withalluvium-derivedsoilszone:Smallpart(5percentoftotalbasinarea)
of the Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan basin is covered by
this zone. It constitutes the parts of
Haryana.Theclimateoftheregionischaracterizedbyhotanddrysummerandcoolwinter.The
annualprecipitationrangesfrom500to1000mmwithanincreasingtrendfromwesttoeastand
themeanannualPotentialEvapotranspiration(PET)rangesfrom1400-1900mm.Thelengthof
growing period ranges between 90 and 150 days. The soil moisture
regime is typic-ustic and the soil
temperatureregimeishyperthermic.Thenaturalvegetationcomprisestropicaldrydeciduousand
thorn forests. The region is under irrigated agriculture as well as
traditional rainfed agriculture. The
areaisintensivelycultivatedforbothkharifandrabicrops,suchasrice,millets,maize,pulses,
berseem, wheat, mustard and sugarcane. Area of Inland Drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in20 Map 11. Agro-ecological
zonesArea of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in21 1.9.Demography The basin spreads over
16 parliamentary constituencies (2009) comprising 7 of Haryana and
9ofRajasthan.Thetotalnumberofvillagesfallinginthebasinis8492with2698203households.
The total population in this basin is 16929250.Population density
of the basin is low due to desertic conditions. People used to
livein highly scattered manner andclustered around water points.
Map 12 reveals that the population of the basin is largely
clustered in the eastern and northern parts. The density of
population shows a sharp decrease westwards. Pattern of population
distribution reflects the habitability conditions closely related
to availability of water. Even rainfall affects the density of
population,becauseitspellsouttheprospectsforcultivationofcropsorherdingofcattle,the
mainstayoflivelihoodinthebasin.Itisfurtherillustratedbythecomparativelyhighdensityof
populationinthepartsofJodhpur,Nagaur,GanganagardistrictsofRajasthanandKarnal,Rohtak,
KaithaldistrictofHaryanainwhereirrigationwaterhasmitigatedthehardshipcausedbylower
amount of rainfall and had led to greater concentration of
population. According to the Census Data
2001northernpartofthebasinandHaryanapartofthebasinhavemorepopulationdensityas
compared to the other part of basin. Area of Inland Drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in22 Map 12. Population
DensityArea of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in23 2.Hydrological units
KnowledgeofterrainaswellasDEMisessentialforaccuratedemarcationofboundary.Semi-automated
approach has been adopted for delineation of hydrological units.
SRTM DEM, topo maps on 1:50000 scale, IRS P6 LISS IV & CARTOSAT
merged data, drainage network, surface water bodies,
rail/roadnetworkandotherancillarydatahasbeenusedforthispurpose.Drainagedividesfrom
contour/ridgelinesareusedtodemarcatetheboundaryofhydrologicalunits.
Thedividehasbeen
markedwhereflowisinoppositedirections.Hydrologicalboundaryhasbeenvalidatedwith
referencetocontoursanddrainagenetwork.Hydrologicalunitboundarycutsperpendiculartothe
contour lines but it does not cross the drainage line at any
location except its outlet. This approach is
potentiallymoreobjective,repeatable,cost-effective,andconsistentthanpreviouslyadopted
manual delineation methods. Due to very flat terrain and
non-existence of permanent drainage network, it is not possible to
sub-divide this basin into small hydrological units. Area of Inland
Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in24 8315 2729 3
0100020003000400050006000700080009000Lakes/Pond Tanks
ReservoirsNumber of Waterbodies Type of Waterbodies 3. Surface
water resources Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh
water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by
precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans,
evaporation, evapotranspiration
andsub-surfaceseepage.Althoughtheonlynaturalinputtoanysurfacewatersystemis
precipitation within its watershed, the total quantity of water in
that system at any given time is also
dependentfactorslikestoragecapacityinlakes,wetlandsandartificialreservoirs,thepermeability
of the soil beneath these storage bodies, the runoff
characteristics of the land in the watershed, the timing of the
precipitation and local evaporation rates.3.1 Surface waterbodies
Surfacewaterbodieshavetraditionallyplayedanimportantroleinthelivesofcommonpeoplein
India by way of irrigation, drinking water supply; ecology, tourism
and domestic uses. There are total 11047 surface water bodies.
Lakes/Ponds are the most predominant with 8315 in number and forms
about75.27percentofthetotalsurfacewaterbodiesinthebasin.Otherclassofwaterbodies
includes tanks and reservoirs. Most of the water bodies have a size
range of 0-25 ha. The size range of the Waterbodies falling in the
basin is given in Table 4.Type of waterbodies and their percentage
in the basin is shown through column chart in Figure 4. Table 4.
Number and size of Waterbodies. Sl. No.Size Range (ha)No. of
Waterbodies 10 - 2511015 225 - 5019 350 - 1005 4100 - 2504 5250 -
5002 6500 - 10002 Figure 4 . Type and numberof waterbodies Area of
Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in25 3.2.
Water resource projects
Waterresourcesprojectsareplannedforvariouspurposeslikeirrigation,hydro-powergeneration,
watersupplyfordrinkingandindustrialpurpose,floodcontrolnavigationetc.Thebasinhasmajor
andmediumirrigationprojects,ERMprojectsandliftirrigationprojects.Detailsofalltypeof
projects are given in Annexure III B, C, D. 3.2.1 Major and medium
irrigation projects The basin has 13 irrigation projects (Table 5).
Some of the major irrigation projects are IGNP Stage - II
(Rajasthan Canal Stage - II) , IGNP Stage - I, Western Yamuna
Canal, Bhakra Canal/ Bhakra Nangal, Sidhmukh Major Irrigation
Project, Rewari Stage - I, Nohar Major Irrigation Project, Jui Lift
Irrigation Project and Raipur Patan.Table 5. Number of water
resource projects Sl. No.Type of ProjectsNumber of Projects 1Major
Irrigation Projects11 2Medium Irrigation Projects1 3ERM Projects1
Thebasinhastotal48liftirrigationprojects.SomemajorliftirrigationprojectsareJawarharLal
Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme, Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - I,
Rewari Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage
I,SewaniLiftIrrigationSchemePhI,JuiLiftIrrigationSchemeetc.ThereisoneongoingERM
projectinthebasin,IGNPStage-IusedforirrigationinthedistrictsnamedGanganagar,Bikaner,
Hanumangarh.TherearenoPowerhouseandHEProjectspresentinthebasin.Locationoflift
irrigation schemes are shown in Map 13. 3.2.2 Dams,
Barrages/Weirs/Anicuts
Waterresourcesstructuresaremanmadestructurestostorethewaterforhydropower,irrigation,
drinkingwatersupplyetc.Thereare49waterresourceassetsintheBasin.Thebasinisrichin
numberofLifts.BasinhasonlyRaipurPatandamwhichisanearthendam(usedforirrigation
purpose).Its live storage capacity is 8.32 MCM. The list of water
resource assets of the basin is given in Table 6.For more details
refer Annexure III A. Table 6. Water Resource Assets Sl. No.Water
Resource AssetsNumbers of Water Resource Assets 1No. of Dams1 2No.
of Lifts48 Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in26 Map 13. Water resource assets of
BasinArea of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in27 3.2.3 Command area and canal network
Canals are man-made channels for conveyance of water. When the
water is to be transported across landscapetodeliverthewater
totherespectivecommandareasbycanalnetwork,constructionof
variousirrigationstructuresarenecessarytonegotiateterrainincludingdrains,road,raillines.
Important Irrigation structures are Regulators, Bridge, Aqueduct /
Syphon Aqueduct, Super passage /
Syphon,Levelcrossing/InletsandOutlets,andotherCrossdrainageStructures.Distributaryhead
regulator: this controls the supply to an off taking channel from
the parent channel. The Area of Inland drainage constituteshas few
canal network systems. Some of the main canals are
B.N.ChakravartiCanal,IndiraGandhiNahar,JuiCanal,LoharuCanal,MahendergarhCanal,Rajasthan
Canal,SatlujYamunaLinkCanalandWesternYamunaMainCanal.Spatialdistributionofcommand
area is shown in Map 14.
AstudywascarriedoutjointlybyCWC&ISROtoassesstheexistingstatusoftheirrigation
commands.IRSP4LISSIIIdataoftwodifferentseasonsnamely,premonsoon(2005)andpost
monsoon(2004)wereusedfordelineationofwaterloggedandsaltaffectedareasofmajorand
mediumirrigationcommandsofAreaofInlandDrainagebasin.Totalwaterloggedareawithin
these occupies 2,746.02 ha whereas salt affected area has been
extended to 6,935.21 ha. 3.2.4 Multipurpose Projects
TherearetwomultipurposeprojectsintheAreaofInlandDrainageinRajasthanBasin.Yamuna
CanalmultipurposeprojecthasanassociatedprojectWesternYamunaCanalMajorIrrigation
Project. Another is Bhakra multipurposeproject serving the purpose
of irrigation and its associated projects are Bhakra Canal/ Bhakra
Nangal Major Irrigation Project_Rajasthan , Nohar Major Irrigation
Project, Sidhmukh Major Irrigation Project, Loharu Lift Irrigation
Project. 3.2.5 Interstate Projects
BhakraNangalInterstateProjectisoneinterstateprojecttheAreaofInlandDrainageinRajasthan
Basin.TheprojectissharedbetweenHaryanaandRajasthan.Theysharesthecostandbenefitsof
the project. Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in28 Map 14. Command Area and Canal Network
Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in29
4. Ground water resources
Groundwaterisanessentialandvitalcomponentofourlifesupportsystem.Sub-surfacewater,or
groundwater, fresh water located in the pore space of soil and
rocks. It is also water that is flowing
withinaquifersbelowthewatertable.BehaviourofgroundwaterintheIndiansub-continentis
highlycomplicatedduetotheoccurrenceofdiversifiedgeologicalformationswithconsiderable
lithologicalandchronologicalvariations,complextectonicframework,climatologicaldissimilarities
andvarioushydrochemicalconditions.Thegroundwaterresourcesarebeingutilizedfordrinking,
irrigation and industrial purposes.Theimportantattributes of ground
water regime monitoring are
groundwaterlevelanditsfluctuationduetodraftandrechargeandwellslithology.Theground
water monitoring network stations records the response of ground
water regime to the natural and
anthropogenicstressesofrechargeanddischargeparameterswithreferencetogeology,climate,
physiography,landusepatternandhydrologiccharacteristics.Thenaturalconditionsaffectingthe
regimeinvolveclimaticparameterslikerainfall,evapotranspirationetc.,whereasanthropogenic
influences include pumpage from the aquifer, recharge due to
irrigation systems and other practices like waste disposal etc. 4.1
Ground water observation wells The basin has about 724 ground water
observation wells. Mostly theupper portion has majority of
groundwater observation
wells.Fourseasonalwaterleveldataviz.,pre-monsoon,
monsoon,post-monsoonandpost-monsoon(rabi)areobserved.DistrictslikeJaisalmer,partsofJodhpurand
Barmer have saline tracts and are generally not suitable for
irrigation by ground water except in few localities. The spatial
distribution of the ground water observation wells in basin is
shown in Map 15. Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in30 Map 12. Location of Ground water
observation wellsArea of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in31 4.2 Ground water level fluctuation The
occurrence of ground water generally depends upon the rainfall,
drainage, topography and the geological conditions of the area.
Groundwater recharge is estimated bythe difference between pre
andpostmonsoonseasons.Similarly,groundwaterdraftisestimatedbythedifferencebetween
post-monsoonandpost-monsoon(rabi)seasonsdata.Thereare231CGWBsitesinthebasinthat
has pre and post monsoon data. The pre monsoon data indicates that
in major depth of water level generally ranges from 10-40 m bgl.
Based on pre and post monsoon data two interpolated maps, the
groundwaterlevelfluctuationmaps(recharge)-2011andgroundwaterlevelfluctuationmaps
(draft)-2011 are generated using inverse distance weighted
interpolation technique.
Thegroundwaterlevelfluctuationmaps(Duetorecharge)-2011showninMap16.Thebasinhas
shownavariedpatterninthewaterlevelfluctuationduetorechargebybothriseandfallinthe
level. In general there is a rise of ground water recharge in the
basin.In 2011, analysis of Water level fluctuation due to recharge
shows that in general there is rise in water level in entire basin.
Parts of the Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur are showing rise in ground
water level more than 4 m. Less than 2 m
fallwasobservedinBarmerandBikanerdistricts.Theseverefallgreaterthan
4m wasobservedin Churu and Bikaner district. In Chandigarh there is
fall less than 2m in ground water level is observed.The ground
water level fluctuation maps (Due to draft)-2011 shownin Map 17, in
general there is a
fallofgroundwaterlevelduetodraftinthebasinotherthanfewpartsofBarmerandChuru
district. Parts ofNagaurandJaisalmerdistricthaveshown severefall
ofgreaterthan 4minground water level. In the Barmer and Churu
district there is a rise of greater than 4m in ground water level
has been observed. Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in32 Map 13. Ground water level fluctuation
(Recharge) Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in33 Map 14. Ground water level fluctuation
(Draft)Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in34 4.3 Litholog well locations An aquifer
isanundergroundlayerof water-bearing permeablerock
orunconsolidatedmaterials (gravel, sand,or silt)fromwhich
groundwater canbeextractedusinga waterwell.Relatedterms include
aquitard,whichisabedoflowpermeabilityalonganaquiferandaquiclude (or
aquifuge),
whichisasolid,impermeableareaunderlyingoroverlyinganaquifer.Iftheimpermeablearea
overliestheaquiferpressurecouldcauseittobecomeaconfinedaquifer.Aquifersmayoccurat
various depths. Those closer to the surface are not only more
likely to be used for water supply and
irrigation,butarealsomorelikelytobetoppedupbythelocalrainfall.Manydesertareashave
limestonehillsormountainswithinthemorclosetothemthatcanbeexploitedasgroundwater
resources. The major lithology found in the basin is type of sand,
clay, Kankar Gravel and silt. The basin consists
of105exploratorywellslocationsforaquiferandlithologicalstudies.Haryanahasmaximum
numberoflithologobservatorywells.Staticwaterlevelvariesform1.49-47m.Thedrillingdepth
ranges between 7-573 m in the basin.Spatial distribution of wells
is shown in Map 18. The details of observation location and the
lithogy in the Basin is described in Annexure IV. Area of Inland
Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in35 Map 18.Litholog
well locationsArea of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in36 5. Hydro-met observations
ThissectiondescribestheHydrologicalandmeteorologicalcharacteristicsoftheAreaofInland
Drainagebasin.Thehydrologicalandmeteorologicalparametersofthreemainorganizations,
CentralWaterCommission(CWC),IndiaMeteorologicalDepartment(IMD)andISRO(Automatic
WeatherStations)areincorporatedinIndia-WRISdatabase.CWChascontributedsubstantiallyin
thecollectionofhydrologicaldataalloverthecountry.IndiaMeteorologicalDepartment(IMD)
dividesthecountryintovariousmeteorologicalsubdivisionsandhas1025stationsalloverIndia
havingdataofmonthlyaverageprecipitationandpotentialevapotranspiration,averageannual
rainfallandpotentialevapotranspirationforlast10years.InIndia-WRISdistributionofAutomatic
Weather Stations (AWS) maintained by ISRO are also included. So far
there is no Hydro Observation site in the basin.5.1 Meteorological
stations
Thereare3mainorganizationsinourcountrywhichrecordsmeteorologicalparametersviz.,India
Meteorological Department (IMD), Central Water Commission (CWC) and
ISRO (Automatic Weather
Stations).Thereare48IMDstationsinthebasinhavingdataofmonthlyaverageprecipitationand
potentialevapotranspiration,averageannualrainfallandpotentialevapotranspirationforlast10
years. Some of their stations are also providing information about
weekly data of rainfall, maximum
andminimumtemperature,windspeed,evaporationandsunshinehours.Listoforganisationand
their station in the basin are given in Table 7. Table
5.Meteorological Stations Sl. No.OrganisationNumber of Stations
1CWC Observation Stations0 2IMD Stations48 3ISRO AWS Stations0 Area
of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in37 6.
Water quality The observation of water quality is categorized in
two sections, the surface water quality and ground
waterquality.SurfacewaterqualityismeasuredbyCentralWaterCommission,CentralPollution
ControlBoardwhereasthegroundwaterqualityismeasuredbyCentralGroundWaterBoard,
CentralPollutionControlBoardandotherstatedepartments.Thereisnosurfacewaterquality
observationsitespresentinthebasin.Thedetailsofgroundwaterqualityofthebasinaregiven
below. 6.1 Ground water quality observations Ground water quality
is influenced by contribution from the atmosphere and surface water
bodies.
Thenaturalchemicalcompositionofgroundwaterisinfluencedpredominantlybytype&depth
of soils and subsurface geological formations through which ground
water passes. Due to rapid growth
ofpopulation,urbanization,industrializationandagricultureactivities,groundwaterresourcesare
under stress. There is growing concern on the deterioration of
ground water quality due to geogenic
andanthropogenicactivities.Overexploitationofgroundwaterincreasesthesalinityofground
waterandexcessiveuseoffertilizersandpesticidesinagricultureandimproperdisposalof
urban/industrial waste can cause contamination of ground water
resources. Thegroundwaterqualityismonitoredby theCentral
GroundWaterBoard onceayear(April/May) through a network of
observation wells located all over the country. The hot spots for
groundwater
indistrictscomingunderbasinstatesareidentifiedonthebasisofsixmainparameters:salinity
(EC>3000 micro simen/cm), chloride, fluoride (>1.5 mg/l),
iron (>1.0 mg/l), arsenic (>0.05 mg/l) and
nitrate(>45mg/l).Thereare173groundwaterqualityobservationwellswhichprovidethewater
quality data.
Salinity/Electricalconductance(EC)isthesaltinessordissolvedsaltcontentsofawaterbody.Salt
contentisanimportantfactorinwateruse.Salinityalwaysexistsingroundwaterbutinvariable
amounts.Itis mostlyinfluencedbyaquifer material,solubility of
minerals,duration ofcontactand
factorssuchasthepermeabilityofsoil,drainagefacilities,quantityofrainfallandaboveall,the
climate of the area. In the basin relatively high values of EC
exceeding the permissible limit of 3000
S/cmareobservedinmanyparts.Theseareasarewaterqualityhotspotsfromsalinitypointof
view,someofthedistrictsareBarmer,Bikaner,Churu,Ganganagar,Hanumangarh,Jaisalmer,
Jodhpur, Nagaur and Neemuch, Bhiwani, Hissar, Kaithal,
Mahendragarh, Panipat and Rohtak.
Chlorideispresentinallnaturalwaters,mostlyatlowconcentrations.Itishighlysolubleinwater
andmovesfreelywithwaterthroughsoilandrock.Recommendeddesirablelimitofchloridein
drinkingwateris250mg/l;thisconcentrationlimitcanbeextendedto1000mg/lofchloride.
Howevergroundwaterhavingconcentrationofchloridemorethan1000 mg/l
arenotsuitablefor
drinkingpurposes.RelativelyhighvaluesofChloride(>1000mg/litre)areobservedinfewpartsof
thebasin.Barmer,Bikaner,Churu,Ganganagar,Hanumangarh,Jhunjhununn,Jaisalmer,Nagaur,
Bhiwani, Jhajjar, Mahendragarh are the districts affected by high
chloride water (>1000 mg/litre) and these areas are water
quality hot spots from point of view of chloride. Fluorine is a
fairly common element but it does not occur in the elemental state
in nature because of
itshighreactivity.Fluorineisthemostelectronegativeandreactiveofallelementsthatoccur
naturallywithinmanytypeofrock.Thedesirablelimitfluorideindrinkingwaterrangesfrom1.0-1.5mg/landmorethan1.5mg/larenotsuitablefordrinkingpurposes.Someofthedistrictslike
Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in38
Hissar,Jhajjar,Jind,Kaithal,Barmer,Bikaner,Churu,Jaisalmer,Jhunjhunun,
Nagaur,Ganganagar, Hanumangarh have Occurrence of Fluoride
(>1.5mg/litre) in Ground Water.
Nitrateisanaturallyoccurringcompoundthatisformedinthesoilwhennitrogenandoxygen
combine.Theprimarysourceofallnitratesisatmosphericnitrogengas.DissolvedNitrogeninthe
form of Nitrate is the most common contaminant of ground water. The
maximum desirable limit of
Nitrateconcentrationingroundwateris45mg/lwithnorelaxation.Someofthedistrictsofthe
basinlikeBarmer,Bikaner,Churu,Jaisalmer,Jhunjhunun,Jodhpur,Nagaur,Ganganagar,
Hanumangarh, Hissar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal, Mahendragarh
have Occurrence of Nitrate ( >45 mg/litre) in Ground
Water.Ironisacommonconstituentinsoilandgroundwater.Itispresentinwatereitherassoluble
ferrousironortheinsolubleferriciron.ThepermissibleIronconcentrationingroundwaterisless
than 1.0 mg/litre. It is observed that high concentration of Iron
(>1.0 mg/l) in ground waterhas been
foundinthedistrictsofBikaner,Churu,Jaisalmer,Nagaur,Ganganagar,Hanumangarh,Bhiwani,
Hissar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal. Area of Inland Drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in39 7. Inter-basin transfer
links
Indiahassubstantialwaterresourcespotentialbutitsavailabilityinvariouspartsofthecountryis
highlyuneven.Inter-basintransferlinkproposesriverwatertransferfromtheregionofsurplusto
deficitareas.Thismayprovideaneffectivewaytoenhanceirrigationpotential,tomitigatefloods
and droughts and reduce regional imbalance by way of additional
irrigation, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower
generation, navigational facilities etc.
Therearetwoimportantinter-basintransferlinksinthebasin.Theinter-basintransferlinksofthe
basin are shown in Map 19.These falls under Himalayan component and
most of its data is classified. The name of the links is as
follows: 1. Yamuna-Rajasthan Link: It will join Yamuna River to
Sukri River in Rajasthan. 2.Rajasthan-Sabarmati Link: Itwill join
SukriRiver in Rajasthan to Sabarmati River. Area of Inland Drainage
in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in40 Map 19. Inter-basin
Transfer LinksArea of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in41 8. Water Tourism Sites
Thebasinhas15majorwatertourismsites.Thisincludesdiversevarietyoftouriststationssuchas
wild life sanctuaries, national parks, fort and other major tourist
locations. The spatial distribution of tourist site is shown in Map
20.The list is given in Table 8. Details of the tourism sites of
the basin are given in Annexure V. Table 6. Water tourism sites Sl.
No.Tourist Site CategoryNo. of Places 1Lake3 2Step Well1 3Fort2
4Tourist Spot2 5Museums / Monument1 6Pilgrimage (Temple)1 7National
Park2 8Wildlife Sanctuary3 Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in42 Map 20. Water tourism sitesArea of
Inland Drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in43 9.
Conclusion This report provides valuable information related to the
topographic, demographic, climatic, surface and ground water
resources, hydro-meteorological and water quality scenario of the
basin. Major issue of the basin is scarcity
ofthenaturalresourcesandeconomicbackwardness.Presentlytherearelimitednumbersofwaterresource
assets exist. However scope is there to increase the number of
assets to store more volume of runoff water. The area under
agriculture is very low.
Systematicandscientificexploratoryworkisneededforquantitativeandqualitativeassessmentoftheground
water resources available in the basin. These resources can be
exploited in a rational way either independently or
inconjunctionwithsurfacewater.Itwillalsoreflecttheeffectofthesoilconservationworkcarriedoutinthe
basin. Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in44 Annexure I: State, district and
parliamentary constituency in the basin A.District Details Sl. No.
State NameDistrict (2011)Population (2011) Total Area (Sq. Km)
District Area in Basin (Sq. Km) % of District Area in the Basin
1HaryanaJind1,334,1522628.122486.9494.63
2HaryanaSonipat1,450,0012091.2341.221.97
3HaryanaRohtak1,061,2041655.74763.7646.13
4HaryanaRewari900,3321442.66365.9325.36
5HaryanaPanipat1,205,4371189.6823.681.99
6HaryanaMahendragarh922,0881865.281820.8197.62
7HaryanaKurukshetra964,6551639.64309.8018.89
8HaryanaKarnal1,505,3242474.191391.6856.25
9HaryanaKaithal1,074,3042210.261716.5377.66
10HaryanaJhajjar958,4051882.99758.1140.26
11HaryanaHisar1,743,9314002.483941.0398.46
12HaryanaFatehabad942,0112404.23376.2615.65
13HaryanaBhiwani1,634,4454479.544479.54100
14RajasthanNagaur3,307,74317026.599497.0555.78
15RajasthanJaisalmer669,91937070.0635048.6894.55
16RajasthanJaipur6,626,17810860.8330.430.28
17RajasthanHanumangarh1,774,6929630.094682.9448.63
18RajasthanAlwar3,674,1798018.80366.974.58
19RajasthanJodhpur3,687,16522037.608713.5839.54
20RajasthanChuru2,039,54713438.7013438.70100
21RajasthanBikaner2,363,93729217.3429217.34100
22RajasthanSikar2,677,3337428.385553.4374.76
23RajasthanBarmer2,603,75127351.286577.4024.05
24RajasthanJhunjhunun2,137,0455724.045724.04100
25RajasthanGanganagar1,969,16810365.272575.0524.84 Source: Survey
of India and Census Data 2011 Note: Population is mentioned for
complete district. Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in45 B.Parliamentary Constituency Details
Sl. No.State NameParliamentary Constituencies (2009)Total Area (Sq.
Km)Area Falling in Basin (Sq. Km)% Area in the Basin
1HaryanaSirsa6953.70761.5710.95 2HaryanaBhiwani -
Mahendragarh5536.135491.6699.20 3HaryanaRohtak4142.451865.3045.03
4HaryanaKrukshetra4331.652042.5447.15
5HaryanaSonipat3439.221281.8237.27 6HaryanaHisar5733.645629.9798.19
7HaryanaKarnal3614.031365.6437.79
8RajasthanGanganagar12855.741890.0714.70
9RajasthanRajsamand11057.91330.502.99
10RajasthanBarmer55061.8334220.5162.15
11RajasthanNagaur13330.889193.2468.96
12RajasthanSikar6801.564446.9365.38
13RajasthanJodhpur24516.1615948.9165.05
14RajasthanAlwar2651.88366.9713.84
15RajasthanBikaner31839.2330971.7897.28
16RajasthanChuru17929.7417025.4894.96
17RajasthanJhunjhunun6830.546830.54100 Source: Election Commission
of India Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in46 Annexure II: Climate Temperature
(1969-2004) profile in the basin Temperature profile in the basin
(36 Years Average for the period 1969-2004) Sl. No.MonthMaximum
Temperature (C)Minimum Temperature (C)Mean Temperature (C)
1January22.616.8614.73 2February27.3411.8219.58
3March31.2414.923.07 4April37.1820.7328.95 5May40.1924.8332.51
6June39.4726.6233.04 7July35.3626.5331.26 8August34.126.0830.5
9September34.6924.1829.81 10October34.4319.3627.2
11November29.812.4321.12 12December24.817.8716.34 Annexure III:
Inventory of surface water resources A.List of Dams with surrogate
information Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in47 Sl. No. Name of Dam RiverType of Dam
Year of completion Catchment Area (Sq. Km.) Length of dam (m) Max
height above foundation (m) Gross storage capacity (MCM) Live
storage capacity (MCM) Type of spillway Submergence Area (Th Ha)
Purpose 1Raipur Patan Dam Earthen8.32Irrigation B.Major/Medium
irrigation projects with surrogate information Sl. No. Name of
ProjectTypeRiverTributaryStatusGCA(Th ha) CCA(Th ha) Ultimate
Irrigation Potential District/s Benefitted 1IGNP Stage - II
(Rajasthan Canal Stage - II) Major Irrigation Project
MajorRavi-Beas Ravi-BeasOngoing18601410964Sriganganagar, Barmer,
Bikaner, Churu, Jaisalmer, & Jodhpur 2IGNP Stage - I Major
Irrigation Project MajorRavi-Beas Ravi-BeasCompleted525525Sri
Ganganagar, Bikaner, Hanumangarh 3Western Yamuna Canal Major
Irrigation Project MajorYamunaYamunaCompleted436436Bhiwani, Jind,
Karnal, Rohtak, Hissar, Ambala, Sonepat 4Bhakra Canal/ BhakraNangal
Major Irrigation Project_Rajasthan
MajorSatlujCompleted372.47289Hanumangarh, Sriganganagar 5JawaharLal
Nehru Lift Irrigation Project MajorYamunaOngoing249154.64Rohtak,
Bhiwani, Mahendargarh 6Loharu Lift Irrigation
ProjectMajorOngoing130.4182Bhiwani, Ambala 7Sidhmukh Major
Irrigation Project MajorRavi-Beas Completed91.558031.21Hanuman
garh/ Ganganagar &Churu 8Sewani Lift Irrigation
ProjectMajorYamunaYamunaCompleted73.5643Bhiwani, Hissar 9Rewari
Stage - I Major Irrigation Project
MajorYamunaCompleted32.8720Jhajjar, Bhiwani, Gurgaon 10Nohar Major
Irrigation ProjectMajorRavi-Beas
Ravi-BeasCompleted39.6831.9513.42Sriganganagar/ Hanumangarh 11Jui
Lift Irrigation ProjectMajorYamunaCompleted30.1618.70Ambala,
Bhiwani Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in48 12Raipur Patan Medium Irrigation
Project MediumShekhawatiCompleted2.21Sikar C.Lift Irrigation
projects with surrogate information Sl. No. Name of ProjectOff take
point Type of pump No. of pumps Horse power of pumps Lift in (m)
Discharge (Cumec) 1JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme JLN
Feeder - ICanal3.88 2Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - ICanal
3Rewari Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - ICanal 4Sewani Lift
Irrigation Scheme Ph - I 5Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph -
VICanal 6Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - VIIICanal 7Loharu Lift
Irrigation Scheme Ph - IXCanal 8Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme
BadhwanaDistyPh - ICanal 9Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme
BadhwanaDistyPh - IICanal 10JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation
Scheme Satnali Feeder - IIICanal8.544 11JawarharLal Nehru Lift
Irrigation Scheme Satnali Feeder - IVCanal8.91 12JawarharLal Nehru
Lift Irrigation Scheme Satnali Feeder - VCanal9.837 13JawarharLal
Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Satnali Feeder - VICanal11.132
14JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Madhogarh Branch -
ICanal74.45 15JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Madhogarh
Branch - IICanal7 16JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme
Madhogarh Branch - IIICanal7 17JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation
Scheme Madhogarh Branch - IVCanal8.516 18Loharu Lift Irrigation
Scheme Ph - IICanal 19Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - IIICanal
20Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - IVCanal 21Loharu Lift
Irrigation Scheme Ph - VIICanal 22Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme
KitlanaDisty: Ph - ICanal 23Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph VCanal
24JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Narnaul Branch -
IIICanal8.564 25JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Narnaul
Branch - IVCanal7 26JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme
Narnaul Branch - VCanal7 Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in49 27JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation
Scheme Narnaul Branch - VICanal5.555 28JawarharLal Nehru Lift
Irrigation Scheme Satnali Feeder - ICanal7.2618.277 29JawarharLal
Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Satnali Feeder - IICanal8.147 30Jui
Lift Irrigation Scheme 31Shewani Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - V
32Shewani Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - VI 33Shewani Lift Irrigation
Scheme Ph - II 34Shewani Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - III 35Shewani
Lift Irrigation Scheme Ph - IV 36Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme -
BadhwanaDistyPh - IIICanal 37Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme -
BadhwanaDistyPh - IVCanal 38Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme - Gothra
Mr Ph - ICanal 39Loharu Lift Irrigation Scheme - Gothra Mr Ph -
IICanal 40JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme JLN Feeder -
IICanal75.9 41JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Mohindergarh
Canal - ICanal747.86 42JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme
Mohindergarh Canal - IICanal7 43JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation
Scheme Mohindergarh Canal - IIICanal7 44JawarharLal Nehru Lift
Irrigation Scheme Mohindergarh Canal - IVCanal7 45JawarharLal Nehru
Lift Irrigation Scheme Mohindergarh Canal - VCanal7 46JawarharLal
Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Narnaul Branch - ICanal7.0426.05
47JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme Narnaul Branch -
IICanal7 48JawarharLal Nehru Lift Irrigation Scheme JLN Canal -
ICanal5.8925.75 D.ERM projects with surrogate information Sl. No.
Name of ProjectRiverStatusYear of completionDistricts
BenefittedPurpose 1IGNP Stage-I ERMRavi- BeasOngoingSriganga Nagar,
Bikaner, HanumangarhIrrigation Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in50 Annexure IV: Inventory of litholog
well locations Lithology in the Basin Sl. No. Location Depth
Drilled (m) Major Lithology Static water level (m) Discharge (lps)
Draw down (m) No. of zones encountered/trapped Total thickness of
zones (m) Major rock group 1Adampur246.30Sand Kankar Clay
mixedNANANA 2Agroha277.67Clay mixed with Kankar11192Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 3Akoda119.79Clay Sand mix with
Kankar&weathered Quartzite 641Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 4Antri51.12Quartzites16.822722212Consolidated
Sediments (Pre-Cambrian -Devonian and other ages)
5AteliKatkai96.29SandClay & Sand5.82120011459Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 6Badaula212.54178141Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 7Badrai183.80Clay mixed with
SandNANANA 8Bahu155.14Silt Sand kanker
&Clay10.50179617588.4Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 9Bahuna308.46Clay Kankar12186Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 10Barkoda61.80Sand
&Clay15.0322523637Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 11Barwala306.63Clay Sand mixed10254Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 12Bawana163.06Claymixed with
Kankar3145.7Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
13Bayal101.15Sand Clay weathered pegmatite 4.9525188Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 14Behl124.504712108Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 15Bhagote173.63Clay Kankar &
weathered Quartzite 15.0722010136.5Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 16Bhandwa172.82Sand Clay Kankar
&Gravel6115Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
17Bhiwani256.1515235Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
18Bhojawawas37.49Clay mixed with KankarNANANA 19Birohar224.73Clay
mixed with KankarNANANA 20Budhera136.25Sand Kankar
Clay37.989468216.5Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
21Chappar192.95Sand Clay Quartzite3157.58Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in51 22Dadri180.75Clay mixed with
Gravel8143.87Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
23Dallanwas164.41Sand Clay Kankar and Gravel535.5Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 24Danauda308.15Sand Clay Kankar and
Silt7223Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
25Daraulai170.03ClaySand Kankar
&Gravel12.612911124147.01Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 26DehinaZainabad-II 139.50ClaySand Kankar
&Gravel14.2022644492.35Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 27Deosar193.24Sand Clay Kankar &
Gravel4176.18Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
28Dhancholi60.25Sand Kankar weathered Quartzite
25.288737235.25Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
29DhanikiBhatota 98.20Clay Kankar
limestone6.5223815153.2Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 30Dharsun75.80Clay Kankar limestone136.8Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 31Dhiranwas220.80Clay mixed with
Kankar8136Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
32Dholera102.29Clay Kankar weathered Quartzite
8.4466810177.29Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
33Dostpur51.30Quatzites limestone7.35132651150Consolidated
Sediments (Pre-Cambrian -Devonian and other ages)
34Galaula42.10619.5Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
35Goad95.11Clay mixed with Kankar Quartzite NANANA
36Gokulpur137.55Clay mixed with Kankar356.47Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 37Hajampur294.74Sand mixed with Clay
&Kankar 6134Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
38Hamidpur55.20ClaySand weathered Quartzite
19.90871328Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
39Hasanpur305.40Sand Gravel &
Kankar14.302210712228Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
40Hassanpur115.60Sand Clay Kankar and Gravel130Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 41Hissar275.84Clay with little
SandNANANA 42Imlota160.93Sand mixed with Clay684.12Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 43Islampur63.29Micashist
slates25219Crystalline Rocks (Archaean -Pre-Cambrian) 44Jadonpur
(Dochana) 107.35Siliceous limestone15.75120121104.75Consolidated
Sediments (Pre-Cambrian -Devonian and other ages)
45Jalmana306.14Gravel Sand &
Kankar5.323240178234Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
46Jant143.70Sand and Clay18.205481013124.5Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in52
47Jasawas100Alluvium17.2069561081Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 48Jhanewal306.63Clay Kankar Sand
Gravel5.7246561520284Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
49Jhojunkalan1524063278134Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 50Jind305.54Sand Gravel
&kanker160017294Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
51Kairu166.25210Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
52Kalanaur305.10Clay and Sand (Bedrock Granite)
3265.8Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
53Kalayat306.01Sand Clay Kankar & Gravel23262Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 54Kamania72.45Sand Kankar weathered
Quartzite 16.6515019145.15Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 55KaninakhasQuartzitesNANANA 56Kantikhas109.35Clay Sand
mix with Kankar&weathred Quartzite
7.2087112574.5Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
57Kaul308.40Sand Silt Clay
&Kankar5.7445001214285Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 58KhatotiKalan 104.30Sand Clay Kankare lime stone
weathered Quartzite 19.042704179.3Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 59Kheri (Mathanhel) 164.86Clay mixed with
Sand3127Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 60Kodanya
(Kojinda) 75Sand &Clay12.3546613461Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 61Kultajpur88Clay Kankar weathered Quartzite
33.106610130Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
62Loh-khera-i214.11Sand Kankar &
Gravel4.26220211150Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
63Ludesar22.44Clay Kankar mixed with Sand (bad rock granite)
375.5Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
64Madha310.59Sand Clay Kankar1.4919059223.25Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 65Mandola144.47SandKankar Clay, Sand
stone of Ajabgarh series 596.93Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 66Mayar295.10Sand Kankar Clay
mixed7256Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
67Meghot(Hala) 101.23Weathered Quartzite limestone
9.449813171.23Consolidated Sediments (Pre-Cambrian -Devonian and
other ages) 68Meham274.324199.3Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 69Motipura129.54Sand Clay mixed with Kankar
Gravel 332.61Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) Area of
Inland drainage in Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in53
70Mundri308.152.824656919253Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 71NagalKalia-I107.36Clay Kankar weathered Quartzite
9.3049514568Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
72Nahar123.74Kankar mixed with caly5102.7Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 73Nangal (Durga)
104.30Pegmatites9.6417016292.3Intrusive Rocks (Archaean
-Pre-Cambrian) 74NangalChoudhary 95.15Sand Clay weathered Quartzite
9.142104110.18Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
75NangalKalia-II 98.20Clay Kankar weathered Quartzite
9.831200319Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 76Nangal
Mala70.40Sand weathered Quartzites & Clay NANANA
77NangalPathani 185.93ClaySand Kankarand
Gravel145.13Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
78Nidana477.31Clay mixed with Kankar10393Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 79Nisang308.45Gravel Sand &
Kankar6.483250712281Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
80Nizampur60.17Slates19.32229321.5Crystalline Rocks (Archaean
-Pre-Cambrian) 81Pachnota101.13Sand Clay weathered pegmetite
6.0217284Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
82Padla279.782.101500715207Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 83Palri159.11Clay mixed with Sand481.38Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 84Paoli309.37Clay and
Kankar17286Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
85Pattikayasthaseth 610.21Clay mixed with Kankar17Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 86PipkaNangal106.35Sand caly &
weathered Quartzite 7.972308219.5Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 87Raghunathpura 70.75Sand Kankar weathered
Quartzite 25.171304145.44Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 88Raipuir268Sand Silt Clay &Kankar84541.67
12221.4Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
89Rajaund335.28Sand mixed with Kankar6238.5Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 90Rodha140.07Sand Kankar Silt Clay
(Bedrock Granite) 584Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
91Said Alipur101.20Sand limestone
weathered8.4015018184.1Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in54 Quartzite 92Salhawas161.60Clay mixed
with Kankar232.6Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
93Samain305.40Clay Kankar10227Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 94Sangri310.90Sand Clay & Kankar9263Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 95Satnali166.19Sand Clay Kankar and
Gravel40.503524447Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
96Segra115.51Claymixed with Sand117.99Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent)
97Seonthpura62.25Quartzites10.9156314238Consolidated Sediments
(Pre-Cambrian -Devonian and other ages) 98Sesote127.10Clay mixed
with Gravel &Kankar 4106.43Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 99Siwani143.56Sand Clay mixed with Kankar Clay
2102.42Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
100SurpurKalan117.78Sand Kankar Clay (Bedrock Granite)
443Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 101Tehla75.45Sand
Kankar weathered Quartzite 21.5013010150.15Un-consolidated
Sediments (Quaternary -Recent) 102ThakarankiDhani 101.26Clay Kankar
weathered Quartzite 7.227022227Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) 103Thana (Begpur) 306.62Clay
Kankar2.973070411263.4Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary
-Recent) 104Uchana307.23Sand Clay Kankar &
Gravel11251Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)
105Ujhana610.20Clay kanker and Gravel12573Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent) Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in55 Annexure V: Inventory of Water Tourism
Sites A.Water Tourism Sites in the Basin Sl. No.NameTypeWaterbodyWB
RelationDistrictState 1Bhindwas LakeLakeBhindwas
LakeOnJhajjarHaryana 2Gadsisar LakeLakeGadsisar
LakeOnJaisalmerRajasthan 3Jaisalmer FortFortAmar Sagar LakeNear
byJaisalmerRajasthan 4Kolyat LakeLakeKolyat LakeOnBikanerRajasthan
5Krishna MuseumMuseums / Monument SanihitSarovarNear
byKurukshetraHaryana 6LoharlgalTourist
SpotLoharlgalOnSikarRajasthan 7MalsisarTourist SpotBanka's
TalavOnJhunjhununRajasthan 8Patwon Ki HaveliFortAmar Sagar LakeNear
byJaisalmerRajasthan 9SanihitSarovarPilgrimage (Temple)
SanihitSarovarOnKurukshetraHaryana 10Singhana Step WellStep
WellSinghana Step WellOnJhunjhununRajasthan B.Wildlife Sanctuaries
/ National Parks in the Basin Sl. No. NameTypeNearest
CityDistrictStateYear of Establishment MammalsBirds 1Akal Wood
Fossil National ParkNational ParkJaisalmerRajasthan0 2Desert
National ParkNational ParkJaisalmerJaisalmerRajasthan1992Chinkara,
Blackbuck Great Indian Bustard 3Gajner Wildlife SanctuaryWildlife
Sanctuary BikanerRajasthan0 4Kheechan Bird SanctuaryWildlife
Sanctuary JodhpurRajasthan0 5Tal Chhapar SanctuaryWildlife
Sanctuary SikarRajasthan0 Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in56 Acronyms AEZAgro-Ecological Zones
AIAAnnual Irrigated Area AIBPAccelerated Irrigation Benefits
Programme AWSAutomatic Weather Stations BCMBillion Cubic Meters
BISBureau of Indian StandardsBODBiological Oxygen DemandBRBalancing
Reservoir CAZRICentral Arid Zone Research Institute CBIPCentral
Board of Irrigation & Power CCACulturable Command Area
CEACentral Electricity Authority CGWBCentral Ground Water Board
ChChainage CIWTCCentral Inland Water Transport CorporationCOCentral
Organization CPCBCentral Pollution Control Board CSMRSCentral Soil
& Materials Research Station cumeccubic meter per sec
cuseccubic foot per sec CWCCentral Water Commission CWPRSCentral
Water and Power Research Station DDischarge DEMDigital Elevation
Model DOSDepartment of Space EEast ECElectrical Conductivity
ERMExtension, Renovation and Modernization FAOFood and Agriculture
Organization FCFlood Control FFFlood Forecasting FMPFlood
Management Programme FRLFull Reservoir Level GGauge GCAGross
Command Area GDGauge and Discharge GDQGauge, Discharge and Water
Quality GDSGauge, Discharge and Sediment GDSQGauge, Discharge,
Sediment and Water Quality GISGeographical Information System
GOIGovernment of India GPIGrossly Polluting IndustriesGSCGross
Storage Capacity Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in57 HEHydro-electric HFLHighest Flood
Level HOHydrological Observation hrsHours I&CADIrrigation and
Command Area Development IBTLInter-Basin Transfer Link
IBWTInter-Basin Water Transfer ICARIndian Council of Agricultural
Research ICPOIrrigation-Cum-Power Outlet IMMoisture Index IMDIndian
Meteorological Department India-WRISIndia-Water Resources
Information System IRIrrigation IRSIndian Remote Sensing ISROIndian
Space Research Organization IWAIInland Waterways Authority of India
IWTInland Water TransportkmKilometer LBCLeft Bank Canal LGPLength
of Growing Period LISSLinear Imaging Self-scanning Sensor lpsLitres
Per Second LSCLive Storage Capacity LULCLand Use Land Cover mmeter
MCMMillion Cubic Meter McumMillion Cubic Meter MDDLMinimum Draw
Down Level mg/lMilligram per Litre MLDMillion Liters per Day
mmMillimeters MMIRMajor and Medium Irrigation MOSDACMeteorological
& Oceanographic Satellite Data Archival Centre MoUMemorandum of
Understanding MoWRMinistry of Water Resources MPNMost Probable
Number MSLMean Sea Level MUMillion Units MWMega Watt NNorth
NBSS&LUPNational Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning
NRSCNational Remote Sensing Centre NWNational Waterway NWDANational
Water Development Authority Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in58 NWDTNarmada Water Disputes Tribunal
NWMPNorthern Water Monitoring Programme NWPNational Water Policy
OWObservatory Well PPrecipitation PETPotential Evapotranspiration
PHPower House pHpuissance de Hydrogen ppmParts per million
PSPisciculture PWPeizometer Well QWater Quality
R&RRehabilitation and Resettlement RBCRight Bank Canal
RFRainfall RRRRepair, Renovation and Restoration RRSCRegional
Remote Sensing Centre RSCResidual Sodium Carbonate SSediment
SACStanding Advisory Committee SARSodium Absorption Ratio SDSub
Division SMCSSoil Moisture ControlSection SOISurvey of India Sq.
KmSquare Kilometers SRTM Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
TACTechnical Advisory Committee TCTotal Coliform TDSTotal Dissolved
Solids Th haThousand Hectare TWTube well UIPUltimate Irrigation
Potential UTUnion Territory WBWater Body WMOWorld Meteorological
OrganizationWSWater Supply Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in59 References 1.India-Water Resources
Information System: www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 2.River Basin Atlas
of India, India-WRIS, 2012. RRSC-West, NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur, India.
3.SharadK.Jain,PushpendraK.AgarwalandVijayP.Singh(2007).HydrologyandWater
Resources of India, Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 473-497. 4.R. L.
Singh et al. (1971). India - A Regional Geography. National
Geography Society, Varansi,5.Wadia, D.N (1949). Geology of India,
London, 279.
6.GroundWaterQualityinshallowaquifersofIndia,CentralGroundWaterBoard,Ministryof
Water Resources, Government of India
(2010).7.AquiferSystemsofIndia,CentralGroundWaterBoard,MinistryofWaterResources,
Government of India (2012). 8.Report of the Irrigation Commission,
Ministry of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi (1972).
9.Agro-EcologicalRegionsofIndia(TechnicalBulletin,NBSSPubl.24;NationalBureauofSoil
Survey & Land Use Planning) Area of Inland drainage in
Rajasthan www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in60 Authors ISRO OfficialsCWC
Officials Dr. V.K. Dadhwal DirectorNational Remote Sensing Centre
(NRSC)ISRO, Department of Space, Govt. of IndiaBalanagar, Hyderabad
Er. A.Mahendran Member (WP & P) Central Water Commission New
Delhi Dr. J.R. Sharma Project Director, India-WRIS Project &
Chief General ManagerRegional Remote Sensing Centres -NRSC/ ISRO
DOSBranch Secretariat, Loknayak BhawanNew Delhi Er. W.M. Tembhurney
Chief Engineer (EMO) Central Water CommissionNew Delhi Dr. A.K.
Bera Scientist/Engineer SFRegional Remote Sensing Centre-West NRSC,
ISRO, Jodhpur Ms. Suman Gurjar Research Scientist Regional Remote
Sensing Centre-West NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur Ms. Jyotsana Chuchra
Research Scientist Regional Remote Sensing Centre-West NRSC, ISRO,
Jodhpur Er R.K.Jain Chief Engineer (BPMO) Central Water Commission
New Delhi Er. Yogesh Paithankar Director Remote Sensing Directorate
Central Water Commission, New Delhi Er. Alok Paul Kalsi Deputy
DirectorRemote Sensing DirectorateCentral Water Commission, New
Delhi Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan61 ISRO Officials CWC
Officials Project DirectorDr. J R SharmaProject In-charge Er.
Yogesh Paithankar, Director Convener (S/W) Sh. P G Diwakar Quality
Assurance Team Sh. V M Bothale, Sh. M V Ravikumar, Dr. S S Rao,Dr.
S N Das, Sh. D S P Rao, Ms. A Vijaya Banu, Sh. Chandrasekaran, Sh.
D J Chutia Dy. Project In-charge Er. Alok Paul Kalsi, Dy. Director
Er. Prashant Kumar Gupta, Dy. Director Convener (Database) Dr. A
Jeyaram Quality Assurance Team Dr. S Sudhakar, Sh. Uday Raj, Dr. M
Kudrat,Ms. Rajashree V Bothale, Dr. D Dutta, Dr. G Ravishankar, Sh.
S Pathak, Dr. K K Sarma Technical Guidance Er. C K Agarwal, Chief
Engineer (B & BBO) Er. W M Tembhurney, Chief Engineer EMO Er
R.K. Jain, Chief Engineer (BPMO) Project Coordinators Sh. Shantanu
B., Sh.Uday Raj, Dr. A T Jeyaseelan Project Managers Dr. A K Bera,
Dr. B K Bhadra, Sh. S Pathak,Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Groups and Work
Components Project Leads & Project Scientists at Lead Centre
Research Scientists at Lead Centre DPDs & Project Scientists
Team Er. Navin Kumar, Director Er. S N Abraham, Director Er. R
Azhagesan, Director Er. Ashish Banerjee,Director Er. Rajiv Kumar,
Director Er. Piyush Ranjan, Executive Engineer Er. Pankaj Sharma,
Dy. DirectorEr. Amarjit Singh, Dy. DirectorEr. S K Chaturvedi, Dy.
Director Er. Y S Varshney, Executive Engineer Er. Manoj Paunikar,
Executive Engineer Er. Amitabh Prabhakar, Executive Engineer Er.
Vishal Garg, Assistant Director Er. M Sahabdeen, Assistant
DirectorEr. Ashish Awasthi Assistant DirectorEr. R. Bhaskaran,
Assistant Director S/W Design, Architecture, Integration, Data
Security, WebHosting & Website Sh. Gaurav KumarSh. K S
SrinivasanSh. Hansraj Meena Ms. Suman Gurjar Ms. Pragya Chaturvedi
Ms. Shilpa TanejaMs. S V PravalikaMs. Divya Mishra Ms.
JyotsanaChuchra Mr. Samuel Lourdraj CMr. Rahul Sharma Mr. Piyush
Dubey Mr. V Srinivasa Reddy Ms. Chitra S Pai Ms. Manasa Devi BMr.
Mohamed Ali SMs. Hemlata Gehlot Mr. Amit Kumar Mr. Devdatta
TengsheMr. Jai Prakash JyaniMr. Munish Gorsi Ms. Deepika Acharaya
Ms. Pratima Tak Mr. Niteen K BankarMs. Himani Singh Ms. Sneha Ms.
Kamini Yadav Mr. Goutam Bhati Mr. Debhasish Bhakta Mr. Nitin
ChauhanMs. Ila AgnihotriMr. Vishal Singh Ms. Vineeta Sharma Dr. N
Vyjayanthi Dr. Shirsath Paresh BMr. Sanjay Kumar Ms. Rashmi Rekha
Dutta Mr. Brij Kishor Jashal Sh. Vinod M Bothale Sh. Shantanu BSh.
K Nagajyothi Sh. S S Rajashekhar Sh. Harish Karnatak Sh. D Giribabu
Dr. A V Suresh Babu Sh. E Sivasankar Database Organization &
Geo-database Standards Dr. A K Bera Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Dr. M C
Gupta Dr. S N Das Dr. S S Rao Sh. K Abdul Hakeem Legacy Data ISRO
Projects Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Sh. Ashish Kumar Jain Dr. V V Rao Dr. G
Ravishankar Dr. A V Suresh Babu Sh. B Simhadhari Rao Watershed
Atlas & Water Resources Projects Dr. A K Bera Dr. Rakesh
Paliwal Er. Sagar S Salunkhe Ms. Rajashree V BDr. G SreenivasanDr.
S RavindranathDr. K H V Durga Rao Administrative & Thematic
Layers Dr. B K Bhadra Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Sh. S Pathak Sh.
Sushilkumar B Rehpade Sh. Amanpreet Singh Dr. D Dutta Dr. V M
Choudhary Sh. P V Raju Sh. P Satyanarayana Environmental DataDr. S
Rama Subramoniam Dr. Manoj Joseph Dr. S N Das Sh. John Mathew Sh. M
Shanker Sh. B Simhadhari Rao Capacity Building, Modelling, Value
Addition & Report Sh. S PathakDr. P Manavalan Sh. Pramod Kumar
Sh. P V Raju Dr. K H V Durga Rao Lead Centre: Regional Remote
Sensing Centre - West, NRSC/ISRO, Jodhpur India-WRIS Project Team
Area of Inland drainage in Rajasthan62
