Area Sources and Area Sources and Fugitive Fugitive

Emissions:Emissions:Source ManagementSource Management

James PayneJames Payne

Morongo Band of Mission Indians Morongo Band of Mission Indians Environmental Protection Environmental Protection

DepartmentDepartment

22

Area Sources & Fugitive Area Sources & Fugitive EmissionsEmissions

Area refers to the sourceArea refers to the source Fugitive refers to the emissionsFugitive refers to the emissions

Also called non-point sourcesAlso called non-point sources Quantifying emissions is difficultQuantifying emissions is difficult Controlling emissions is Controlling emissions is

challengingchallenging

33

Particulate Matter (PM): Particulate Matter (PM): ExamplesExamples

Traffic on dirt roadsTraffic on dirt roads Tillage of croplandTillage of cropland Burning grasslands, pastures, crop Burning grasslands, pastures, crop

stubblestubble Construction activitiesConstruction activities Material conveyance, loading & Material conveyance, loading &

unloadingunloading Hard- and soft-rock surface miningHard- and soft-rock surface mining Rock crushing & handlingRock crushing & handling

44

Burning of Grasslands, Burning of Grasslands, Pastures, Crop StubblePastures, Crop Stubble

55

Rock Crushing YardRock Crushing Yard

66

Agriculture OperationsAgriculture Operations

77

FiresFires

88

Dirt RoadsDirt Roads

99

Methane ReleaseMethane Release

Guess what I’m sorry

about now…

1010

Examples of Volatile Examples of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Larger facilities (oil refineries, chemical Larger facilities (oil refineries, chemical plants, manufacturing)plants, manufacturing) Large lagoons, holding ponds (aerated)Large lagoons, holding ponds (aerated) Tank farms Tank farms

Tanks & tank pressure-equalization ventsTanks & tank pressure-equalization vents Pipe seals, pumps, & valvesPipe seals, pumps, & valves

1111

Pipe Flanges & SealsPipe Flanges & Seals

1212

Examples of Volatile Examples of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Organic Compounds (VOCs)

[cont.][cont.] CommunitiesCommunities

LandfillsLandfills Uncovered wastewater treatment Uncovered wastewater treatment

processesprocesses Sedimentation & aeration basinsSedimentation & aeration basins Trickling filters & bio-towersTrickling filters & bio-towers

Residential wood combustionResidential wood combustion

1313

Inefficient Wood StoveInefficient Wood Stove

1414

Residential Aeration Residential Aeration BasinBasin

1515

Examples of Volatile Examples of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Organic Compounds (VOCs)

[cont.][cont.] Smaller facilitiesSmaller facilities

Dry cleanersDry cleaners Body & paint shopsBody & paint shops Service stations & gas pumpsService stations & gas pumps Office equipment (i.e., toner cartridges, Office equipment (i.e., toner cartridges,

etc.)etc.) Small combustion devices (i.e., propane Small combustion devices (i.e., propane

burners)burners) Any source using / storing solventsAny source using / storing solvents

1616

VOC sourceVOC source

1717

Source “Control” and Source “Control” and ManagementManagement

Controlling these sources is most practical Controlling these sources is most practical by targeted management actions of the by targeted management actions of the activity that creates the emissionsactivity that creates the emissions

Identify sources and data needsIdentify sources and data needs Quantify sourcesQuantify sources Evaluate impact on ambient air Evaluate impact on ambient air

quality quality

1818

Management (cont.)Management (cont.)

Develop management Develop management options/practicesoptions/practices Local / state / tribal regulationsLocal / state / tribal regulations

Implement control practicesImplement control practices Evaluate effectiveness of control Evaluate effectiveness of control

practicespractices Improve management “controls”Improve management “controls”

1919

Identification, Identification, Quantification, & Impact Quantification, & Impact

of the Problemof the Problem

Establish methodologyEstablish methodology How sources identifiedHow sources identified How emissions quantifiedHow emissions quantified

Integrate informationIntegrate information Regional or local AQ monitoring dataRegional or local AQ monitoring data Emissions inventory dataEmissions inventory data

Is there a problem? How big?Is there a problem? How big?

2020

Develop Management Develop Management OptionsOptions

Who has authority to regulate the Who has authority to regulate the source?source?

Air quality agencyAir quality agency Fire districtFire district Planning/zoning districtPlanning/zoning district City councilCity council Tribal authorityTribal authority

Could be delegated to your environmental department!!Could be delegated to your environmental department!!

2121

Develop Management Develop Management Options (cont.)Options (cont.)

Do avenues of control exist that Do avenues of control exist that are not being enforced?are not being enforced?

What has been done in the past by What has been done in the past by other groups?other groups?

How effective have past practices How effective have past practices been?been?

2222

ImplementationImplementation

Develop program to implement chosen Develop program to implement chosen control strategycontrol strategy Public educationPublic education Permit programPermit program Financial incentivesFinancial incentives Codes, ordinances, lawsCodes, ordinances, laws Source permittingSource permitting

Be sure program has flexibility to deal Be sure program has flexibility to deal with problems as they arisewith problems as they arise

2323

Control Strategy: ExamplesControl Strategy: Examples PMPM

Apply suppressant to heavily traveled Apply suppressant to heavily traveled roadsroads

Keep construction site dampKeep construction site damp Provide cover for material Provide cover for material

conveyance, loading & unloadingconveyance, loading & unloading Install enclosure/shroud for rock Install enclosure/shroud for rock

crushing/handingcrushing/handing Dampen stock aggregate & sand pilesDampen stock aggregate & sand piles

2424

Control Strategy: Examples Control Strategy: Examples (cont.)(cont.)

PM (cont.)PM (cont.) Use wind breaks such as landscaping, Use wind breaks such as landscaping,

fencingfencing Encourage vegetation growth (re-Encourage vegetation growth (re-

vegetation)vegetation) Install burlap or other porous, meshed Install burlap or other porous, meshed

materialmaterial

Driving at 15 mphDriving at 15 mph

2525

Driving at 25 mphDriving at 25 mph

2626

2727

Oat Cover CropOat Cover Crop

2828

Control Strategy: Examples Control Strategy: Examples (cont.)(cont.)

VOCsVOCs Repair & maintain pump & piping sealsRepair & maintain pump & piping seals Cover or install recovery vents on open tanksCover or install recovery vents on open tanks

BurningBurning Restrictions on open burning & wood burningRestrictions on open burning & wood burning Certified wood stoves in new homesCertified wood stoves in new homes

Cover wastewater treatment processesCover wastewater treatment processes Business licenses require material balance Business licenses require material balance

informationinformation

2929

Program EvaluationProgram Evaluation

Develop procedure to evaluate Develop procedure to evaluate effectiveness of programeffectiveness of program Ambient air monitoringAmbient air monitoring Cost analysisCost analysis Tracking of response from regulated Tracking of response from regulated

communitycommunity Documentation of progress—success & Documentation of progress—success &

failuresfailures Develop new control strategies based on Develop new control strategies based on

program resultsprogram results