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Citing the internet
Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The
Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept.
2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2008.
‹http://classics.mit.edu/›.
Franks,
Carolingians and Renaissance
History 135
September 2011
Map of the Mediterranean world in 600 AD
Early History
Roman federati c. 350
Agriculture, trade, commerce
Hunters, trappers, soldiers for Rome
Tribal
Worshipped Thor, Wotan, Tew
Kings were rulers and priests
Salian Franks
Ancestors of the French
Salic law – basis of French law
Agricultural land between Soissons and Cambrai
Soissons – imperial arms factory
With death of their Roman commander, Aetius
Renounced allegiance to Rome
Freed fully with the advent of Odovacar
Clovis
Clovis r 485-511
Largest Germanic
kingdom
Laws
General decline
Conversion
Clothilde
Merovingians - Merovech
486
Capital at Paris
Facing Burgundians
Catholic Christian
First German king to
do so
507-508
Defeated Visigoths
Visigoths fled from
Toulouse to Spain
510
Defeated Allemanni
Merovingians
What’s left of Rome
Gift Economy
Role of Women
Succession
Partible inheritance
Mayor of the Palace
Pepin of Heristal
Charles Martel, “the hammer”
Pepin the Short and Childeric III
Tours - 732
Gavelkind
Partible inheritance
Neustria, Austrasia, Aquitaine
Civil wars
Basis of strength
Gradual expansion
Geography
Weak opponents
Government
No Roman institutions or taxation
Local autonomy
Limited ambition
Support of the Church
No religious divisions
Skilled personnel
Agricultural changes
Three field system
Winter wheat
Summer crops
Fallow
Heavier plow
Horses
More land = marshes,
forests
More food = population
increase
Church and Frankish Kingdoms
Merovingians Pepin
Donation
Zachary – Lombards
756
Donation of Constantine
Spurious justification mid-750?
Crown, cloak, military rank
Military provinces, palaces, Rome, Italy, West
Contribute to interdependence and conflict
Charlemagne
Charlemagne r 768-814
Charlemagne and the Church
Leo III
Coronation
Christmas 800
Prestige/authority
Prayer
Officials
Positions
Army
Conversions
Donations
Carolingian administration
Chaplain
head of palace clergy
Chief lay officer
Count of palace, regent
Local administration
county was administrative unit
Counts
General Assembly
capitularies
Missi domenici
Manorialism
System linking elite to peasantry
Landowner
Lord or lady
Bishop
Monastery
Labor
Slaves
Serfs
Free peasants - villeins
Diagram of a manor c. 1200
Cruck house
Vassalage
Land for service
Fief
Patron-client
Lords and vassals
Homage and fealty
Ban
Obligations
Disadvantages
Counts
Laws
Armies
Taxes
Peasants
Carolingian Renaissance
Roman works: Suetonius, Virgil
Church fathers – Jerome, Augustine, Ambrose Commentaries
Alcuin c. 732 – 804 Anglo-Saxon
Chief advisor to Charlemagne
Monasteries and cathedrals Teach reading, writing
Caroline minuscule
Illuminated texts
Successors to Charlemagne
Louis the Pious r. 814-840
Monastic reform
817 – Rule of St Benedict; becomes standard
Sons of Louis and Ermengard
Lothar
Pippin
Louis the German
Son of Judith – Charles the Bald
Treaty of Verdun 843
After revolting against Louis the Pious and
fighting among themselves:
Charles the Bald 843-877– western portion; France
Louis the German 843-870– east; Germany
Lothar – 840-853 Middle Kingdom ; Low Countries,
Italy, Switzerland, parts of France and Germany
Significance
HRE – 10th Century
Macedonian Renaissance
C 870- c 1025
Basil I r. 867-886 founded dynasty which
produced renaissance
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos
913 - 959
Geography, history
Other court members
Writers, philosophers, historians
Slavs
Cyril and Methodius 863 Missionaries; Cyrillic
Russia Under Byzantine influence
Capital at Kiev
Vladimir r. c. 980-1015 Conversion
Marries Anne, sister of Basil II
Heir to Byzantium – church, customs, art, political ideology Russia keeps an “eastern” orientation
High Middle Ages 1000-1300
Three heirs now fragment
Local rule of counts
Fiefs as inheritable property
Power shift to independent knights
Raids and invasions Muslims – south
Viking – Norse pirates – north Normandy, Sicily
Settle, convert, renewal in govt, trade, cities, church
Magyars – Central Asia
Monastic expansion