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Arrays
Array of Controls: several controls, of the same type (Class: a prototype for an object indicating the properties and
methods), that have the same name
Array of Variables:Static/Dynamic Arrays
Single-Dimension/Multi-Dimensional Arrays
Control Arrays
A group of controls that all have the same name (use with option buttons and check boxes)
All controls in an array must be the same Class (a prototype for an object indicating the properties and methods)
An advantage of using a Control Array, rather than independent controls, is that the controls share one Click
Event (in the arrays Click Event, a Case Structure can be used to determine which option button or check box is
selected)
A group of 5 option buttons, to allow the user to choose a colour
After creating the 5 controls (in a Frame Group), set the Name Property of the first option button to optColour, furthermore, change the Name Property of the second option button to optColour: At this point a Message Box will appear, asking you if you want to create a
Control Array
Select ‘Yes’, and the name in the Properties Window becomes optColour(0) for the first control and optColour(1) for the second
control
The number inside the parenthesis is called an Index and is used to refer to the specific control within the Array; and all subsequent controls,
given the same name, will automatically have an index attached
In this example, the 5 option buttons are named optColour(0), optColour(1), optColour(2), optColour(3), optColour(4)
Private Sub optColour_Click(Index As Integer)‘Set the colour to match the selected option button
Select Case IndexCase 0 ‘First button is selected
Form1.BackColor = vbBlue Case 1 ‘Second button is selected
Form1.BackColor = vbBlack Case 2 ‘Third button is selected
Form1.BackColor = vbRed Case 3 ‘Fourth button is selected
Form1.BackColor = vbWhite Case 4 ‘Fifth button is selected
Form1.BackColor = vbYellowEnd SelectEnd Sub
Variable ArraysSingle-Dimension Arrays
A Variable Array can contain a list of values, similar to a List Box or a Combo Box; (VB actually stores the List Property of a List Box or a Combo Box in an Array); therefore, think of an
array as a list box without the box
Any time a series of variables (multiple values) needs to be kept (stored) for later processing, such as re-ordering, calculating, or printing, an Array needs to be set up
An Array is a series of individual variables, all referenced by the same name; sometimes Arrays are referred to as Tables or
Subscripted Variables
The same notation is used with Variable Arrays as with Control Arrays, therefore, in an array for storing names, called stName, you
may have stName(0), stName(1), stName(2), ….
Each individual Variables is called an Element of the Array
The individual Elements of an Array are treated the same as any other Variable and may be used in any assignment statement
The Subscript (which may also be called an Index) inside the parenthesis, is the position of the Element within the Array
Subscripts may be constants, variables, or numeric expressions; although the Subscripts must be Integers, VB will round any Non-
Integer Subscript
To specify the number of Elements in an Array, you need to use the Dim statement
Dim ArrayName( [LowerSubscript To] UpperSubscript) As DataType
The Dim statement allocates storage for the specified number of Elements and initialises each numeric variable to zero (0);
(in the case of String Arrays, each Element is set to an empty string [zero characters])
Furthermore, it is not necessary to specify the Lower Subscript value; if no value is set for the Lower Subscript,
then the lowest Subscript is zero (0)
Dim stName(0 To 25) As String Dim cBalance(10) As Currency
Dim iCollected(iCount) As Integer
Any Array dimensioned in this way is referred to as a Static Array
A Static Array may be dimensioned only once in a project
Any attempt to change the size of a Static Array after its first use (project execution) causes the following error message:
“Array Already Dimensioned”
Need to explicitly initialise the elements of the array with assignment statements
Numbers(0) = 77 Numbers(1) = 68
etcRepetition statements can also be used
(0)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Index Values Numbers776855727989
Numbers(0) = 77
Numbers(1) = 68
Numbers(2) = 55
Numbers(3) = 72
Numbers(4) = 79
Numbers(5) = 89
Arrays
Arrays occupy space in memory
The compiler reserves the required amount of space in memory through the declaration statement
Arrays can be declaredGlobally (Public)
Module (Dim/Private)Local (Dim/Static)
Arrays
The LBound function returns the lower bound (the lowest numbered index value) of the array
The UBound function returns the upper bound (the highest
numbered index value) of the array
ArraysInstead of having Array(0), there maybe a need to refer to the
first element of an array as Array(1)
This means changing the Lower Bound index value of the array from, the default, 0 to 1
Dim Array(0 TO 9) As Integer Dim Array(1 TO 10) As Integer
An alternative solution is to use the Option Base statement
Option Base sets the Lower Bound index value to 0 or 1 only and is placed in [General] [Declarations]
This introduces the concept of Direct Reference for elements in an array
Option Base
set in General Declarations
can be used to set/change the lower bound to 0 or 1 ( no value other that these)
Array(1) instead of Array(0) for the first element
Option Base must be placed before the array declaration
For Each/Next Statements
There is a need to have a method of reference to each Element in an Array
A For/Next Loop can be used, however, another useful looping construct is the For Each/Next Loop; the significant
advantage of using the For Each/Next Loop,is that the Subscripts of the Array do not have to be manipulated
For Each ElementName In ArrayName
Statement(s) in Loop
Next ElementName
VB automatically references each Element of the Array, assigns its value to ElementName, and makes one pass
through the loop
If the Array has n Elements, the loop will execute n times
The Variable used for ElementName must be a Variant Data Type
For Each ElementName In ArrayName
Statement(s) in Loop
Next ElementName
With an array named stName, each element of the array is printed
Dim vOneName As Variant
For Each vOneName In stName Print vOneName ‘Print one element of the array
Next vOneName
The For Each/Next loop will execute if the array has at least one element; All the statements within the body of the loopare executed for the each element in the array
Furthermore, an Exit For Statement may be used within the loop to exit early, just as in a For/Next loop
Using a For…Next Loop
Dim X As Integer
For X = LBound(stName) To UBound(stName)
Print stName(X)
Next X
User-Defined Data Types
Integer, String, Currency, etc…….. are what are known as VB data types
You can define your own data types by combining multiple fields of data into a single unit; A User-Defined Data Type can be used to combine several fields of related information
For example, a Product Data Type might contain a Product Description, a Product Number, Quantity, and Price
The fields can be combined into a User-Defined Data Type by using the Type and End Type Statements
Type NameOfNewDataTypeList of Fields
End Type
Type ProductstDescription As StringstProductNumber As StringiQuantity As IntegercPrice As Currency
End Type
Once you have created your own Data Type, you may use it to declare variables just as you would use any other Data Type
Type Statements can appear only at the Module Level in the General Declarations section of a Standard Code Module or
a Form Module
When Type Statements are placed in the Standard Code Module, they are Public by default; If Type Statements are placed at the Form/Module Level, they must be declared as
Private
Example of a Type Statement in a Form Module:
Private Type …… ……….. End Type