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APPENDIX
Appendix Table 1 Demographics of 162 supine studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Abrams GD Safran MR Shapiro LM et al
2014 Diagnostic study
3 34 1421 (doesnt add)
non-OA 383 plusmn 111 OA 592 plusmn 119
NR NR
Akkari M et al
2010 Therapeutic case series
4 5 3 2 132 12-39 months (mean 26 months)
100
Alaia MJ et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 33 13 days 100Al-Asiri J Wong I
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 36 NR NR
Anderson S A Keene J S
2008 Case series 4 15 4 11 Competitive athletes 174 years (range 15-21) Recreational athletes 38 years (range 17-62)
minimum 1 year (mean 17 months (range 12-33))
100
Awan N Murray P
2006 Retrospective review
4 22 175 31 years (14 to 38 years)
18 months (12-44 months)
100
Ayeni O R et al
2011 Case report 4 1 1 male 51 year old NR NR
Badylak JS Keene JS
2011 Case-control 3 100(5050) 5050 38 (mean age of ILP patients was 40 years (range 16 to 66 years) mean age of NLP patients 363 years (range 15 to
24 months (24-60 months)
100
64 years)Baker JF et al 2011 Retrospective 3 85 5629 34 (+- 11) NR NRBeaule P E Rakhra K
2011 Case series 4 5 5 female 192 (17-23) 192 years
12-48 avg = 252 months
100
Bedi A et al 2014 Cohort study 3 60 60 male under 40 NR NRBen Tov T et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 6 14 mean 58 years (50-75)
22 months (12-35 months)
100
Benali Y Katthagen BD
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 49 years old minimum 3 weeks
100
Berkes MB et al
2009 Case report 4 3 3 male 17 18 27 (mean 2066 years)
12 months 100
Blankenbaker DG et al
2009 Retrospective 3 152 49103 15-66 avg 39 NR NR
Bonnomet F et al
2001 Case reports 4 2 1 1 9 11 (mean 10 years)
3 years 100
Boyer T Dorfmann H
2008 Case series 3 111 54 57 433 years (13 to 81)
786 months (12-196)
100
Boykin RE et al
2013 Case series 4 21 21 male 280 years (range 19-41 years)
414 months (20-74)
1719 (89)
Byrd JW Chern KY
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 11 4 7 17-64 avg 414 years
NR NR
Byrd JW Jones KS
2011 Therapeutic case series
4 100 67 33 34 years (13-76)
2 years 100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2010 Therapeutic study
4 50 27 23 38 years (14-84)
10 years 100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2009 Therapeutic study
4 15 11 4 317 years (range 14-70 years)
120 months (10 years)
100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2004 Clinical case series
4 9 1 8 437 years (36-55)
173 months 100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2001 Case series study
4 23 9 14 283 years (15-53)
292 months (12-60)
100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2003 Prospective clinical case series
4 48 20 28 34 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2001 Prosepective clinical case
4 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
seriesByrd JW Jones KS
2000 Case series 4 35 18 17 38 years (15-84)
2 years 100
Byrd J W 1996 Case series 4 3 3 male 23 years (17-28)
22 months (14-33)
100
Byrd J W T Jones K
2013 Case-control 3 108 adolescents 122 control
study 49 59 control 71 51
study avg 16 (12-17) control avg 36 (18-50)
29 months (12-60)
100
Byrd J W T Jones K S
2002 Case series 4 9 5 4 506 (32-64) 2 years 100
Cascio BM King D and Yen YM
2013 Retrospective study
3 22 25 1 19 years (12-25)
6 months 73
Casartelli N C et al
2013 Case series 3 8 3 5 29 years (+-10)
2 years NR
Chan K et al 2005 Retrospective review
3 211 97 114 37 years (+- 13 years)
394 +- 2165 days
NR
Chan YS Lien LC Hsu HL et al
2005 Case series 4 17 3 14 41 years (17-62)
NR NR
Chen A et al 2014 Therapeutic case series
4 37 19 18 131 years (10-19)
22 months (12-56)
NR
Chernchujit B et al
2009 Therapeutic case series
4 7 5 2 23 years (+-12)
157 months (+-65)
NR
Chung W K Slater G L and Bates E H
1993 Therapeutic case series
4 9 5 4 2 years 4 months - 7 years 3 months
NR NR
Contreras M E Dani W S Endges W K De Araujo L C and Berral F J
2010 Prospective pilot study
3 7 4 3 336 years (23-45)
2 years 100
Cooper AP Basheer SZ Maheshwari R Regan L and Madan SS
2013 Prospective study
3 88 243 years (11-57)
9-68 months NR
Cory JW Ruch 1998 Case report 4 1 1 male 45 1 year 100
DSCurtin B Friebe I
2014 Case report -4 1 1 female 29 years 6 weeks 100
Dietrich T J et al
2012 Diagnostic study
3 923 488 514 382 years (16-825)
NR NR
Dippmann C et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 52 27 25 male 40 years (21-63) female 37 years (15-60)
1 year 96
Domb B et al 2013 Case series 4 300 NR NR NR NRDomb B G et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 430 181 249 355 years (14-76)
NR NR
Domb B G et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 37 18 12 45 years (range 295ndash60)
35 months (24-50)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2012 Therapeutic case series
4 5 1 4 58 months (4-7 months)
132 months (9-24)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 9 1 8 214 months (14-41)
154 months (6-29)
100
Ejnisman L et al
2013 Retrospective review
3 188 100 88 35 years (18-62)
NR NR
Epstein D M et al
2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 22 years 2 years 100
Fabricant PD et al
2012 Retrospective study
4 21 15 12 176 years (145-199)
15 years (1-25 years)
100
Fickert S et al
2014 Retrospective study
4 6 5 1 325 years (25-45)
112 months 100
Flanum M E et al
2007 Case series 4 6 1 5 388 years (24-48)
12 months 100
Fontana A et al
2000 Case report 4 1 NR 60 years 1 year 100
Franco J Cet al
2011 Retrospective study
3 43 14 29 success cohort 4515 years (33-65) Failure 5138 years (33-69)
2 years 93
Frich LH Lauritzen J and Juhl M
1989 Retrospective study
3 14 4 10 32 years (12-76)
NR NR
Gaudelli C Mohtadi N
2011 Case report 4 1 1 male 52 years 9 months 100
Gdalevitch M Smith K and Tanzer M
2009 Diagnostic Study
2 123 23 98 (14 men and five women underwent arthroscopy)
TOTAL 39 years (15-72) Arthroscopy group 9 to 56 years (mean 41 years)
NR NR
Geyer M R et al
2013 Case series 4 75 42 33 385 years (range 18-64 years)
49 months (range 36-70 months)
100
Giordano B et al
2013 Case series 4 15 1 14 58 years (44-74)
279 months (24-37)
100
Guanche CA Sikka RS
2005 Case series 4 8 2 6 36 years (19-45)
14 months (6-29)
NR
Gupta A et al 2015 Therapeutic case series
3 680 (562 non obese class-1 obese 94 class-2 obese 24)
225 455 non-obese 3478 years class-1 obese 4402 years class-2 obese 3933 years
2 years 100
Hammoud et al
2011 Therapeutic retrospective case series
4 38 38 men 31 years (19-35)
mean return to play 59 months (3-9)
100
Hetsroni I et al
2011 Retrospective comparative study
3 172 105 67 Men 24 plusmn 4 years Women 23 plusmn 4 years for women
NR NR
Hyman J L et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 3 5 6325 years (43-81)
70 months (range 29- 104 months)
100 NR
Ikeda T et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
4 3 4 167 years (13-26)
NR 100 NR
Jackson TJ et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 54 20 34 288 plusmn 128 years (range 14 to 57 years)
24 years (17-41 years)
100
Jackson T J et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 16 1 15 373 years (30-50)
NR NR
Jaekers J et al 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 26 years 1 month 100
Jamali A et al 2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 54 years NR 100James S et al 2006 Diagnostic
study3 25 16 9 312 years (19-
52)NR NR
Jensen A et al 2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 32 years 2 weeks 100Jerosch J et al
2006 Therapeutic case series
4 22 14 8 52 years (28-65)
1 year 100
Kalore NV Jiranek WA
2012 Prognostic study
4 106 20 86 39 years 33 months (12-65)
100
Kamath AF et al
2009 Case series 4 52 20 32 42 years (25-76)
48 years 100
Kandemir U et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 female 63 years 3 months 100
Keeney JA et al
2004 Diagnostic case series
4 101 31 71 376 years NR NR
Kelly B T et al
2012 Cohort study 3 55 44 11 247 years (14-39)
NR NR
Khanna V et al 2014 Diagnostic case series
4 28 18 10 385 years (19-65)
NR NR
Kim SJ et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
20 14 6 281 YRS (8-56) 2 years NR NR
Kim H et al 2014 Case reports 4 2 1 1 49 years 20 years
2 years 100
Kim S J et al 2008 Case report 4 1 1 female 20 years 3 years 100Kim S J et al 2003 Therapeutic
case series4 10 6 4 13 years (2-34) 4 years 11
months100
Kocher MS et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 42 14 28 152 years old (range 59ndash189)
minimum 1 year mean 174 (range 120ndash262)
100
Konan S et al 2011 Prognostic study
4 150 39 61 (first 100)
6 months
Krych AJ et al 2014 Prospective study
2 30 7 23 35 years (14-58)
2 weeks 100
Kuklo TR et al 1999 Case report 4 1 1 male 7 years 5 months 100Kusma M et al
2004 Case report 4 1 1 female 18 years 3 months 100
Ladner B et al 2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years NR 100Lansford T Munns SW
2012 Case reports 4 2 1 1 33 years 21 years
6 months 100
Larson CM et al
2011 Prognostic study
4 210 133 94 383 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
NR
Lee DH et al 2009 Case reports 4 2 2 male 10 years 12 years
20 months 17 months
100
Lee YK et al 2013 Case series 4 40 20 20 414 years (+-171)
6 months 100
Lee YK et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 9 4 5 45 years (36-67)
18 months (16-28)
100
Lee J B et al 2012 Case series 4 24 20 4 43 years (range 32-63 years)
41 months (12-133 months)
NR
Lee K H et al 2013 Case series 4 2 2 females 70 years 41 years
2 years 3 years
100
Lo YP et al 2006 Therapeutic series
4 72 24 48 42 years (22-61)
16 months (12-36)
100
Londers J et al 2007 Case series 3 56 37 19 34 years (17-59)
72 months (60-120)
100
Majewski M et al
2010 Therapeutic series
4 11 8 3 13 years (8-17) 2 years (1-4 years)
100
Martin HD et al
2012 Therapeutic series
4 30 8 22 gt18 years 5 days 100
Mas Martinez et al
2015 Case report 4 1 1 female 58 years 2 years 100
Matsuda DK Calipusan CP
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 27 years 1 year 100
Matsuda DK Safran MR
2013 Case report 4 1 1 male 40 years 18 months 100
Matsuda D K 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 2 years 100Matsuda D K et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 14 16 378 years (15-59)
NR NR
McCarthy JJ MacEwen GD
2007 Therapeutic series
4 3 1 2 14 months 9 months 100
McCormick F et al
2012 Case-control study
3 176 72 104 409 years (173 - 628 years)
43 years (2-104 years)
71 (125 patients)
McDonald J E et al
2014 Therapeutic series
3 17 17 male 31 years (23-37)
2 years 100
Meftah M et 2011 Therapeutic 4 50 22 28 401 years (19- 84 years (7- 100
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
64 years)Baker JF et al 2011 Retrospective 3 85 5629 34 (+- 11) NR NRBeaule P E Rakhra K
2011 Case series 4 5 5 female 192 (17-23) 192 years
12-48 avg = 252 months
100
Bedi A et al 2014 Cohort study 3 60 60 male under 40 NR NRBen Tov T et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 6 14 mean 58 years (50-75)
22 months (12-35 months)
100
Benali Y Katthagen BD
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 49 years old minimum 3 weeks
100
Berkes MB et al
2009 Case report 4 3 3 male 17 18 27 (mean 2066 years)
12 months 100
Blankenbaker DG et al
2009 Retrospective 3 152 49103 15-66 avg 39 NR NR
Bonnomet F et al
2001 Case reports 4 2 1 1 9 11 (mean 10 years)
3 years 100
Boyer T Dorfmann H
2008 Case series 3 111 54 57 433 years (13 to 81)
786 months (12-196)
100
Boykin RE et al
2013 Case series 4 21 21 male 280 years (range 19-41 years)
414 months (20-74)
1719 (89)
Byrd JW Chern KY
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 11 4 7 17-64 avg 414 years
NR NR
Byrd JW Jones KS
2011 Therapeutic case series
4 100 67 33 34 years (13-76)
2 years 100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2010 Therapeutic study
4 50 27 23 38 years (14-84)
10 years 100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2009 Therapeutic study
4 15 11 4 317 years (range 14-70 years)
120 months (10 years)
100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2004 Clinical case series
4 9 1 8 437 years (36-55)
173 months 100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2001 Case series study
4 23 9 14 283 years (15-53)
292 months (12-60)
100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2003 Prospective clinical case series
4 48 20 28 34 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
100
Byrd JW Jones KS
2001 Prosepective clinical case
4 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
seriesByrd JW Jones KS
2000 Case series 4 35 18 17 38 years (15-84)
2 years 100
Byrd J W 1996 Case series 4 3 3 male 23 years (17-28)
22 months (14-33)
100
Byrd J W T Jones K
2013 Case-control 3 108 adolescents 122 control
study 49 59 control 71 51
study avg 16 (12-17) control avg 36 (18-50)
29 months (12-60)
100
Byrd J W T Jones K S
2002 Case series 4 9 5 4 506 (32-64) 2 years 100
Cascio BM King D and Yen YM
2013 Retrospective study
3 22 25 1 19 years (12-25)
6 months 73
Casartelli N C et al
2013 Case series 3 8 3 5 29 years (+-10)
2 years NR
Chan K et al 2005 Retrospective review
3 211 97 114 37 years (+- 13 years)
394 +- 2165 days
NR
Chan YS Lien LC Hsu HL et al
2005 Case series 4 17 3 14 41 years (17-62)
NR NR
Chen A et al 2014 Therapeutic case series
4 37 19 18 131 years (10-19)
22 months (12-56)
NR
Chernchujit B et al
2009 Therapeutic case series
4 7 5 2 23 years (+-12)
157 months (+-65)
NR
Chung W K Slater G L and Bates E H
1993 Therapeutic case series
4 9 5 4 2 years 4 months - 7 years 3 months
NR NR
Contreras M E Dani W S Endges W K De Araujo L C and Berral F J
2010 Prospective pilot study
3 7 4 3 336 years (23-45)
2 years 100
Cooper AP Basheer SZ Maheshwari R Regan L and Madan SS
2013 Prospective study
3 88 243 years (11-57)
9-68 months NR
Cory JW Ruch 1998 Case report 4 1 1 male 45 1 year 100
DSCurtin B Friebe I
2014 Case report -4 1 1 female 29 years 6 weeks 100
Dietrich T J et al
2012 Diagnostic study
3 923 488 514 382 years (16-825)
NR NR
Dippmann C et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 52 27 25 male 40 years (21-63) female 37 years (15-60)
1 year 96
Domb B et al 2013 Case series 4 300 NR NR NR NRDomb B G et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 430 181 249 355 years (14-76)
NR NR
Domb B G et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 37 18 12 45 years (range 295ndash60)
35 months (24-50)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2012 Therapeutic case series
4 5 1 4 58 months (4-7 months)
132 months (9-24)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 9 1 8 214 months (14-41)
154 months (6-29)
100
Ejnisman L et al
2013 Retrospective review
3 188 100 88 35 years (18-62)
NR NR
Epstein D M et al
2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 22 years 2 years 100
Fabricant PD et al
2012 Retrospective study
4 21 15 12 176 years (145-199)
15 years (1-25 years)
100
Fickert S et al
2014 Retrospective study
4 6 5 1 325 years (25-45)
112 months 100
Flanum M E et al
2007 Case series 4 6 1 5 388 years (24-48)
12 months 100
Fontana A et al
2000 Case report 4 1 NR 60 years 1 year 100
Franco J Cet al
2011 Retrospective study
3 43 14 29 success cohort 4515 years (33-65) Failure 5138 years (33-69)
2 years 93
Frich LH Lauritzen J and Juhl M
1989 Retrospective study
3 14 4 10 32 years (12-76)
NR NR
Gaudelli C Mohtadi N
2011 Case report 4 1 1 male 52 years 9 months 100
Gdalevitch M Smith K and Tanzer M
2009 Diagnostic Study
2 123 23 98 (14 men and five women underwent arthroscopy)
TOTAL 39 years (15-72) Arthroscopy group 9 to 56 years (mean 41 years)
NR NR
Geyer M R et al
2013 Case series 4 75 42 33 385 years (range 18-64 years)
49 months (range 36-70 months)
100
Giordano B et al
2013 Case series 4 15 1 14 58 years (44-74)
279 months (24-37)
100
Guanche CA Sikka RS
2005 Case series 4 8 2 6 36 years (19-45)
14 months (6-29)
NR
Gupta A et al 2015 Therapeutic case series
3 680 (562 non obese class-1 obese 94 class-2 obese 24)
225 455 non-obese 3478 years class-1 obese 4402 years class-2 obese 3933 years
2 years 100
Hammoud et al
2011 Therapeutic retrospective case series
4 38 38 men 31 years (19-35)
mean return to play 59 months (3-9)
100
Hetsroni I et al
2011 Retrospective comparative study
3 172 105 67 Men 24 plusmn 4 years Women 23 plusmn 4 years for women
NR NR
Hyman J L et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 3 5 6325 years (43-81)
70 months (range 29- 104 months)
100 NR
Ikeda T et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
4 3 4 167 years (13-26)
NR 100 NR
Jackson TJ et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 54 20 34 288 plusmn 128 years (range 14 to 57 years)
24 years (17-41 years)
100
Jackson T J et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 16 1 15 373 years (30-50)
NR NR
Jaekers J et al 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 26 years 1 month 100
Jamali A et al 2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 54 years NR 100James S et al 2006 Diagnostic
study3 25 16 9 312 years (19-
52)NR NR
Jensen A et al 2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 32 years 2 weeks 100Jerosch J et al
2006 Therapeutic case series
4 22 14 8 52 years (28-65)
1 year 100
Kalore NV Jiranek WA
2012 Prognostic study
4 106 20 86 39 years 33 months (12-65)
100
Kamath AF et al
2009 Case series 4 52 20 32 42 years (25-76)
48 years 100
Kandemir U et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 female 63 years 3 months 100
Keeney JA et al
2004 Diagnostic case series
4 101 31 71 376 years NR NR
Kelly B T et al
2012 Cohort study 3 55 44 11 247 years (14-39)
NR NR
Khanna V et al 2014 Diagnostic case series
4 28 18 10 385 years (19-65)
NR NR
Kim SJ et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
20 14 6 281 YRS (8-56) 2 years NR NR
Kim H et al 2014 Case reports 4 2 1 1 49 years 20 years
2 years 100
Kim S J et al 2008 Case report 4 1 1 female 20 years 3 years 100Kim S J et al 2003 Therapeutic
case series4 10 6 4 13 years (2-34) 4 years 11
months100
Kocher MS et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 42 14 28 152 years old (range 59ndash189)
minimum 1 year mean 174 (range 120ndash262)
100
Konan S et al 2011 Prognostic study
4 150 39 61 (first 100)
6 months
Krych AJ et al 2014 Prospective study
2 30 7 23 35 years (14-58)
2 weeks 100
Kuklo TR et al 1999 Case report 4 1 1 male 7 years 5 months 100Kusma M et al
2004 Case report 4 1 1 female 18 years 3 months 100
Ladner B et al 2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years NR 100Lansford T Munns SW
2012 Case reports 4 2 1 1 33 years 21 years
6 months 100
Larson CM et al
2011 Prognostic study
4 210 133 94 383 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
NR
Lee DH et al 2009 Case reports 4 2 2 male 10 years 12 years
20 months 17 months
100
Lee YK et al 2013 Case series 4 40 20 20 414 years (+-171)
6 months 100
Lee YK et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 9 4 5 45 years (36-67)
18 months (16-28)
100
Lee J B et al 2012 Case series 4 24 20 4 43 years (range 32-63 years)
41 months (12-133 months)
NR
Lee K H et al 2013 Case series 4 2 2 females 70 years 41 years
2 years 3 years
100
Lo YP et al 2006 Therapeutic series
4 72 24 48 42 years (22-61)
16 months (12-36)
100
Londers J et al 2007 Case series 3 56 37 19 34 years (17-59)
72 months (60-120)
100
Majewski M et al
2010 Therapeutic series
4 11 8 3 13 years (8-17) 2 years (1-4 years)
100
Martin HD et al
2012 Therapeutic series
4 30 8 22 gt18 years 5 days 100
Mas Martinez et al
2015 Case report 4 1 1 female 58 years 2 years 100
Matsuda DK Calipusan CP
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 27 years 1 year 100
Matsuda DK Safran MR
2013 Case report 4 1 1 male 40 years 18 months 100
Matsuda D K 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 2 years 100Matsuda D K et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 14 16 378 years (15-59)
NR NR
McCarthy JJ MacEwen GD
2007 Therapeutic series
4 3 1 2 14 months 9 months 100
McCormick F et al
2012 Case-control study
3 176 72 104 409 years (173 - 628 years)
43 years (2-104 years)
71 (125 patients)
McDonald J E et al
2014 Therapeutic series
3 17 17 male 31 years (23-37)
2 years 100
Meftah M et 2011 Therapeutic 4 50 22 28 401 years (19- 84 years (7- 100
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
seriesByrd JW Jones KS
2000 Case series 4 35 18 17 38 years (15-84)
2 years 100
Byrd J W 1996 Case series 4 3 3 male 23 years (17-28)
22 months (14-33)
100
Byrd J W T Jones K
2013 Case-control 3 108 adolescents 122 control
study 49 59 control 71 51
study avg 16 (12-17) control avg 36 (18-50)
29 months (12-60)
100
Byrd J W T Jones K S
2002 Case series 4 9 5 4 506 (32-64) 2 years 100
Cascio BM King D and Yen YM
2013 Retrospective study
3 22 25 1 19 years (12-25)
6 months 73
Casartelli N C et al
2013 Case series 3 8 3 5 29 years (+-10)
2 years NR
Chan K et al 2005 Retrospective review
3 211 97 114 37 years (+- 13 years)
394 +- 2165 days
NR
Chan YS Lien LC Hsu HL et al
2005 Case series 4 17 3 14 41 years (17-62)
NR NR
Chen A et al 2014 Therapeutic case series
4 37 19 18 131 years (10-19)
22 months (12-56)
NR
Chernchujit B et al
2009 Therapeutic case series
4 7 5 2 23 years (+-12)
157 months (+-65)
NR
Chung W K Slater G L and Bates E H
1993 Therapeutic case series
4 9 5 4 2 years 4 months - 7 years 3 months
NR NR
Contreras M E Dani W S Endges W K De Araujo L C and Berral F J
2010 Prospective pilot study
3 7 4 3 336 years (23-45)
2 years 100
Cooper AP Basheer SZ Maheshwari R Regan L and Madan SS
2013 Prospective study
3 88 243 years (11-57)
9-68 months NR
Cory JW Ruch 1998 Case report 4 1 1 male 45 1 year 100
DSCurtin B Friebe I
2014 Case report -4 1 1 female 29 years 6 weeks 100
Dietrich T J et al
2012 Diagnostic study
3 923 488 514 382 years (16-825)
NR NR
Dippmann C et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 52 27 25 male 40 years (21-63) female 37 years (15-60)
1 year 96
Domb B et al 2013 Case series 4 300 NR NR NR NRDomb B G et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 430 181 249 355 years (14-76)
NR NR
Domb B G et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 37 18 12 45 years (range 295ndash60)
35 months (24-50)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2012 Therapeutic case series
4 5 1 4 58 months (4-7 months)
132 months (9-24)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 9 1 8 214 months (14-41)
154 months (6-29)
100
Ejnisman L et al
2013 Retrospective review
3 188 100 88 35 years (18-62)
NR NR
Epstein D M et al
2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 22 years 2 years 100
Fabricant PD et al
2012 Retrospective study
4 21 15 12 176 years (145-199)
15 years (1-25 years)
100
Fickert S et al
2014 Retrospective study
4 6 5 1 325 years (25-45)
112 months 100
Flanum M E et al
2007 Case series 4 6 1 5 388 years (24-48)
12 months 100
Fontana A et al
2000 Case report 4 1 NR 60 years 1 year 100
Franco J Cet al
2011 Retrospective study
3 43 14 29 success cohort 4515 years (33-65) Failure 5138 years (33-69)
2 years 93
Frich LH Lauritzen J and Juhl M
1989 Retrospective study
3 14 4 10 32 years (12-76)
NR NR
Gaudelli C Mohtadi N
2011 Case report 4 1 1 male 52 years 9 months 100
Gdalevitch M Smith K and Tanzer M
2009 Diagnostic Study
2 123 23 98 (14 men and five women underwent arthroscopy)
TOTAL 39 years (15-72) Arthroscopy group 9 to 56 years (mean 41 years)
NR NR
Geyer M R et al
2013 Case series 4 75 42 33 385 years (range 18-64 years)
49 months (range 36-70 months)
100
Giordano B et al
2013 Case series 4 15 1 14 58 years (44-74)
279 months (24-37)
100
Guanche CA Sikka RS
2005 Case series 4 8 2 6 36 years (19-45)
14 months (6-29)
NR
Gupta A et al 2015 Therapeutic case series
3 680 (562 non obese class-1 obese 94 class-2 obese 24)
225 455 non-obese 3478 years class-1 obese 4402 years class-2 obese 3933 years
2 years 100
Hammoud et al
2011 Therapeutic retrospective case series
4 38 38 men 31 years (19-35)
mean return to play 59 months (3-9)
100
Hetsroni I et al
2011 Retrospective comparative study
3 172 105 67 Men 24 plusmn 4 years Women 23 plusmn 4 years for women
NR NR
Hyman J L et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 3 5 6325 years (43-81)
70 months (range 29- 104 months)
100 NR
Ikeda T et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
4 3 4 167 years (13-26)
NR 100 NR
Jackson TJ et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 54 20 34 288 plusmn 128 years (range 14 to 57 years)
24 years (17-41 years)
100
Jackson T J et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 16 1 15 373 years (30-50)
NR NR
Jaekers J et al 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 26 years 1 month 100
Jamali A et al 2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 54 years NR 100James S et al 2006 Diagnostic
study3 25 16 9 312 years (19-
52)NR NR
Jensen A et al 2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 32 years 2 weeks 100Jerosch J et al
2006 Therapeutic case series
4 22 14 8 52 years (28-65)
1 year 100
Kalore NV Jiranek WA
2012 Prognostic study
4 106 20 86 39 years 33 months (12-65)
100
Kamath AF et al
2009 Case series 4 52 20 32 42 years (25-76)
48 years 100
Kandemir U et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 female 63 years 3 months 100
Keeney JA et al
2004 Diagnostic case series
4 101 31 71 376 years NR NR
Kelly B T et al
2012 Cohort study 3 55 44 11 247 years (14-39)
NR NR
Khanna V et al 2014 Diagnostic case series
4 28 18 10 385 years (19-65)
NR NR
Kim SJ et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
20 14 6 281 YRS (8-56) 2 years NR NR
Kim H et al 2014 Case reports 4 2 1 1 49 years 20 years
2 years 100
Kim S J et al 2008 Case report 4 1 1 female 20 years 3 years 100Kim S J et al 2003 Therapeutic
case series4 10 6 4 13 years (2-34) 4 years 11
months100
Kocher MS et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 42 14 28 152 years old (range 59ndash189)
minimum 1 year mean 174 (range 120ndash262)
100
Konan S et al 2011 Prognostic study
4 150 39 61 (first 100)
6 months
Krych AJ et al 2014 Prospective study
2 30 7 23 35 years (14-58)
2 weeks 100
Kuklo TR et al 1999 Case report 4 1 1 male 7 years 5 months 100Kusma M et al
2004 Case report 4 1 1 female 18 years 3 months 100
Ladner B et al 2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years NR 100Lansford T Munns SW
2012 Case reports 4 2 1 1 33 years 21 years
6 months 100
Larson CM et al
2011 Prognostic study
4 210 133 94 383 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
NR
Lee DH et al 2009 Case reports 4 2 2 male 10 years 12 years
20 months 17 months
100
Lee YK et al 2013 Case series 4 40 20 20 414 years (+-171)
6 months 100
Lee YK et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 9 4 5 45 years (36-67)
18 months (16-28)
100
Lee J B et al 2012 Case series 4 24 20 4 43 years (range 32-63 years)
41 months (12-133 months)
NR
Lee K H et al 2013 Case series 4 2 2 females 70 years 41 years
2 years 3 years
100
Lo YP et al 2006 Therapeutic series
4 72 24 48 42 years (22-61)
16 months (12-36)
100
Londers J et al 2007 Case series 3 56 37 19 34 years (17-59)
72 months (60-120)
100
Majewski M et al
2010 Therapeutic series
4 11 8 3 13 years (8-17) 2 years (1-4 years)
100
Martin HD et al
2012 Therapeutic series
4 30 8 22 gt18 years 5 days 100
Mas Martinez et al
2015 Case report 4 1 1 female 58 years 2 years 100
Matsuda DK Calipusan CP
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 27 years 1 year 100
Matsuda DK Safran MR
2013 Case report 4 1 1 male 40 years 18 months 100
Matsuda D K 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 2 years 100Matsuda D K et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 14 16 378 years (15-59)
NR NR
McCarthy JJ MacEwen GD
2007 Therapeutic series
4 3 1 2 14 months 9 months 100
McCormick F et al
2012 Case-control study
3 176 72 104 409 years (173 - 628 years)
43 years (2-104 years)
71 (125 patients)
McDonald J E et al
2014 Therapeutic series
3 17 17 male 31 years (23-37)
2 years 100
Meftah M et 2011 Therapeutic 4 50 22 28 401 years (19- 84 years (7- 100
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
DSCurtin B Friebe I
2014 Case report -4 1 1 female 29 years 6 weeks 100
Dietrich T J et al
2012 Diagnostic study
3 923 488 514 382 years (16-825)
NR NR
Dippmann C et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 52 27 25 male 40 years (21-63) female 37 years (15-60)
1 year 96
Domb B et al 2013 Case series 4 300 NR NR NR NRDomb B G et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 430 181 249 355 years (14-76)
NR NR
Domb B G et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 37 18 12 45 years (range 295ndash60)
35 months (24-50)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2012 Therapeutic case series
4 5 1 4 58 months (4-7 months)
132 months (9-24)
100
Eberhardt O et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 9 1 8 214 months (14-41)
154 months (6-29)
100
Ejnisman L et al
2013 Retrospective review
3 188 100 88 35 years (18-62)
NR NR
Epstein D M et al
2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 22 years 2 years 100
Fabricant PD et al
2012 Retrospective study
4 21 15 12 176 years (145-199)
15 years (1-25 years)
100
Fickert S et al
2014 Retrospective study
4 6 5 1 325 years (25-45)
112 months 100
Flanum M E et al
2007 Case series 4 6 1 5 388 years (24-48)
12 months 100
Fontana A et al
2000 Case report 4 1 NR 60 years 1 year 100
Franco J Cet al
2011 Retrospective study
3 43 14 29 success cohort 4515 years (33-65) Failure 5138 years (33-69)
2 years 93
Frich LH Lauritzen J and Juhl M
1989 Retrospective study
3 14 4 10 32 years (12-76)
NR NR
Gaudelli C Mohtadi N
2011 Case report 4 1 1 male 52 years 9 months 100
Gdalevitch M Smith K and Tanzer M
2009 Diagnostic Study
2 123 23 98 (14 men and five women underwent arthroscopy)
TOTAL 39 years (15-72) Arthroscopy group 9 to 56 years (mean 41 years)
NR NR
Geyer M R et al
2013 Case series 4 75 42 33 385 years (range 18-64 years)
49 months (range 36-70 months)
100
Giordano B et al
2013 Case series 4 15 1 14 58 years (44-74)
279 months (24-37)
100
Guanche CA Sikka RS
2005 Case series 4 8 2 6 36 years (19-45)
14 months (6-29)
NR
Gupta A et al 2015 Therapeutic case series
3 680 (562 non obese class-1 obese 94 class-2 obese 24)
225 455 non-obese 3478 years class-1 obese 4402 years class-2 obese 3933 years
2 years 100
Hammoud et al
2011 Therapeutic retrospective case series
4 38 38 men 31 years (19-35)
mean return to play 59 months (3-9)
100
Hetsroni I et al
2011 Retrospective comparative study
3 172 105 67 Men 24 plusmn 4 years Women 23 plusmn 4 years for women
NR NR
Hyman J L et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 3 5 6325 years (43-81)
70 months (range 29- 104 months)
100 NR
Ikeda T et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
4 3 4 167 years (13-26)
NR 100 NR
Jackson TJ et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 54 20 34 288 plusmn 128 years (range 14 to 57 years)
24 years (17-41 years)
100
Jackson T J et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 16 1 15 373 years (30-50)
NR NR
Jaekers J et al 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 26 years 1 month 100
Jamali A et al 2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 54 years NR 100James S et al 2006 Diagnostic
study3 25 16 9 312 years (19-
52)NR NR
Jensen A et al 2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 32 years 2 weeks 100Jerosch J et al
2006 Therapeutic case series
4 22 14 8 52 years (28-65)
1 year 100
Kalore NV Jiranek WA
2012 Prognostic study
4 106 20 86 39 years 33 months (12-65)
100
Kamath AF et al
2009 Case series 4 52 20 32 42 years (25-76)
48 years 100
Kandemir U et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 female 63 years 3 months 100
Keeney JA et al
2004 Diagnostic case series
4 101 31 71 376 years NR NR
Kelly B T et al
2012 Cohort study 3 55 44 11 247 years (14-39)
NR NR
Khanna V et al 2014 Diagnostic case series
4 28 18 10 385 years (19-65)
NR NR
Kim SJ et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
20 14 6 281 YRS (8-56) 2 years NR NR
Kim H et al 2014 Case reports 4 2 1 1 49 years 20 years
2 years 100
Kim S J et al 2008 Case report 4 1 1 female 20 years 3 years 100Kim S J et al 2003 Therapeutic
case series4 10 6 4 13 years (2-34) 4 years 11
months100
Kocher MS et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 42 14 28 152 years old (range 59ndash189)
minimum 1 year mean 174 (range 120ndash262)
100
Konan S et al 2011 Prognostic study
4 150 39 61 (first 100)
6 months
Krych AJ et al 2014 Prospective study
2 30 7 23 35 years (14-58)
2 weeks 100
Kuklo TR et al 1999 Case report 4 1 1 male 7 years 5 months 100Kusma M et al
2004 Case report 4 1 1 female 18 years 3 months 100
Ladner B et al 2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years NR 100Lansford T Munns SW
2012 Case reports 4 2 1 1 33 years 21 years
6 months 100
Larson CM et al
2011 Prognostic study
4 210 133 94 383 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
NR
Lee DH et al 2009 Case reports 4 2 2 male 10 years 12 years
20 months 17 months
100
Lee YK et al 2013 Case series 4 40 20 20 414 years (+-171)
6 months 100
Lee YK et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 9 4 5 45 years (36-67)
18 months (16-28)
100
Lee J B et al 2012 Case series 4 24 20 4 43 years (range 32-63 years)
41 months (12-133 months)
NR
Lee K H et al 2013 Case series 4 2 2 females 70 years 41 years
2 years 3 years
100
Lo YP et al 2006 Therapeutic series
4 72 24 48 42 years (22-61)
16 months (12-36)
100
Londers J et al 2007 Case series 3 56 37 19 34 years (17-59)
72 months (60-120)
100
Majewski M et al
2010 Therapeutic series
4 11 8 3 13 years (8-17) 2 years (1-4 years)
100
Martin HD et al
2012 Therapeutic series
4 30 8 22 gt18 years 5 days 100
Mas Martinez et al
2015 Case report 4 1 1 female 58 years 2 years 100
Matsuda DK Calipusan CP
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 27 years 1 year 100
Matsuda DK Safran MR
2013 Case report 4 1 1 male 40 years 18 months 100
Matsuda D K 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 2 years 100Matsuda D K et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 14 16 378 years (15-59)
NR NR
McCarthy JJ MacEwen GD
2007 Therapeutic series
4 3 1 2 14 months 9 months 100
McCormick F et al
2012 Case-control study
3 176 72 104 409 years (173 - 628 years)
43 years (2-104 years)
71 (125 patients)
McDonald J E et al
2014 Therapeutic series
3 17 17 male 31 years (23-37)
2 years 100
Meftah M et 2011 Therapeutic 4 50 22 28 401 years (19- 84 years (7- 100
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Gaudelli C Mohtadi N
2011 Case report 4 1 1 male 52 years 9 months 100
Gdalevitch M Smith K and Tanzer M
2009 Diagnostic Study
2 123 23 98 (14 men and five women underwent arthroscopy)
TOTAL 39 years (15-72) Arthroscopy group 9 to 56 years (mean 41 years)
NR NR
Geyer M R et al
2013 Case series 4 75 42 33 385 years (range 18-64 years)
49 months (range 36-70 months)
100
Giordano B et al
2013 Case series 4 15 1 14 58 years (44-74)
279 months (24-37)
100
Guanche CA Sikka RS
2005 Case series 4 8 2 6 36 years (19-45)
14 months (6-29)
NR
Gupta A et al 2015 Therapeutic case series
3 680 (562 non obese class-1 obese 94 class-2 obese 24)
225 455 non-obese 3478 years class-1 obese 4402 years class-2 obese 3933 years
2 years 100
Hammoud et al
2011 Therapeutic retrospective case series
4 38 38 men 31 years (19-35)
mean return to play 59 months (3-9)
100
Hetsroni I et al
2011 Retrospective comparative study
3 172 105 67 Men 24 plusmn 4 years Women 23 plusmn 4 years for women
NR NR
Hyman J L et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 3 5 6325 years (43-81)
70 months (range 29- 104 months)
100 NR
Ikeda T et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
4 3 4 167 years (13-26)
NR 100 NR
Jackson TJ et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 54 20 34 288 plusmn 128 years (range 14 to 57 years)
24 years (17-41 years)
100
Jackson T J et al
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 16 1 15 373 years (30-50)
NR NR
Jaekers J et al 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 26 years 1 month 100
Jamali A et al 2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 54 years NR 100James S et al 2006 Diagnostic
study3 25 16 9 312 years (19-
52)NR NR
Jensen A et al 2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 32 years 2 weeks 100Jerosch J et al
2006 Therapeutic case series
4 22 14 8 52 years (28-65)
1 year 100
Kalore NV Jiranek WA
2012 Prognostic study
4 106 20 86 39 years 33 months (12-65)
100
Kamath AF et al
2009 Case series 4 52 20 32 42 years (25-76)
48 years 100
Kandemir U et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 female 63 years 3 months 100
Keeney JA et al
2004 Diagnostic case series
4 101 31 71 376 years NR NR
Kelly B T et al
2012 Cohort study 3 55 44 11 247 years (14-39)
NR NR
Khanna V et al 2014 Diagnostic case series
4 28 18 10 385 years (19-65)
NR NR
Kim SJ et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
20 14 6 281 YRS (8-56) 2 years NR NR
Kim H et al 2014 Case reports 4 2 1 1 49 years 20 years
2 years 100
Kim S J et al 2008 Case report 4 1 1 female 20 years 3 years 100Kim S J et al 2003 Therapeutic
case series4 10 6 4 13 years (2-34) 4 years 11
months100
Kocher MS et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 42 14 28 152 years old (range 59ndash189)
minimum 1 year mean 174 (range 120ndash262)
100
Konan S et al 2011 Prognostic study
4 150 39 61 (first 100)
6 months
Krych AJ et al 2014 Prospective study
2 30 7 23 35 years (14-58)
2 weeks 100
Kuklo TR et al 1999 Case report 4 1 1 male 7 years 5 months 100Kusma M et al
2004 Case report 4 1 1 female 18 years 3 months 100
Ladner B et al 2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years NR 100Lansford T Munns SW
2012 Case reports 4 2 1 1 33 years 21 years
6 months 100
Larson CM et al
2011 Prognostic study
4 210 133 94 383 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
NR
Lee DH et al 2009 Case reports 4 2 2 male 10 years 12 years
20 months 17 months
100
Lee YK et al 2013 Case series 4 40 20 20 414 years (+-171)
6 months 100
Lee YK et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 9 4 5 45 years (36-67)
18 months (16-28)
100
Lee J B et al 2012 Case series 4 24 20 4 43 years (range 32-63 years)
41 months (12-133 months)
NR
Lee K H et al 2013 Case series 4 2 2 females 70 years 41 years
2 years 3 years
100
Lo YP et al 2006 Therapeutic series
4 72 24 48 42 years (22-61)
16 months (12-36)
100
Londers J et al 2007 Case series 3 56 37 19 34 years (17-59)
72 months (60-120)
100
Majewski M et al
2010 Therapeutic series
4 11 8 3 13 years (8-17) 2 years (1-4 years)
100
Martin HD et al
2012 Therapeutic series
4 30 8 22 gt18 years 5 days 100
Mas Martinez et al
2015 Case report 4 1 1 female 58 years 2 years 100
Matsuda DK Calipusan CP
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 27 years 1 year 100
Matsuda DK Safran MR
2013 Case report 4 1 1 male 40 years 18 months 100
Matsuda D K 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 2 years 100Matsuda D K et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 14 16 378 years (15-59)
NR NR
McCarthy JJ MacEwen GD
2007 Therapeutic series
4 3 1 2 14 months 9 months 100
McCormick F et al
2012 Case-control study
3 176 72 104 409 years (173 - 628 years)
43 years (2-104 years)
71 (125 patients)
McDonald J E et al
2014 Therapeutic series
3 17 17 male 31 years (23-37)
2 years 100
Meftah M et 2011 Therapeutic 4 50 22 28 401 years (19- 84 years (7- 100
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Jamali A et al 2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 54 years NR 100James S et al 2006 Diagnostic
study3 25 16 9 312 years (19-
52)NR NR
Jensen A et al 2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 32 years 2 weeks 100Jerosch J et al
2006 Therapeutic case series
4 22 14 8 52 years (28-65)
1 year 100
Kalore NV Jiranek WA
2012 Prognostic study
4 106 20 86 39 years 33 months (12-65)
100
Kamath AF et al
2009 Case series 4 52 20 32 42 years (25-76)
48 years 100
Kandemir U et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 female 63 years 3 months 100
Keeney JA et al
2004 Diagnostic case series
4 101 31 71 376 years NR NR
Kelly B T et al
2012 Cohort study 3 55 44 11 247 years (14-39)
NR NR
Khanna V et al 2014 Diagnostic case series
4 28 18 10 385 years (19-65)
NR NR
Kim SJ et al 1988 Therapeutic case series
20 14 6 281 YRS (8-56) 2 years NR NR
Kim H et al 2014 Case reports 4 2 1 1 49 years 20 years
2 years 100
Kim S J et al 2008 Case report 4 1 1 female 20 years 3 years 100Kim S J et al 2003 Therapeutic
case series4 10 6 4 13 years (2-34) 4 years 11
months100
Kocher MS et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 42 14 28 152 years old (range 59ndash189)
minimum 1 year mean 174 (range 120ndash262)
100
Konan S et al 2011 Prognostic study
4 150 39 61 (first 100)
6 months
Krych AJ et al 2014 Prospective study
2 30 7 23 35 years (14-58)
2 weeks 100
Kuklo TR et al 1999 Case report 4 1 1 male 7 years 5 months 100Kusma M et al
2004 Case report 4 1 1 female 18 years 3 months 100
Ladner B et al 2010 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years NR 100Lansford T Munns SW
2012 Case reports 4 2 1 1 33 years 21 years
6 months 100
Larson CM et al
2011 Prognostic study
4 210 133 94 383 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
NR
Lee DH et al 2009 Case reports 4 2 2 male 10 years 12 years
20 months 17 months
100
Lee YK et al 2013 Case series 4 40 20 20 414 years (+-171)
6 months 100
Lee YK et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 9 4 5 45 years (36-67)
18 months (16-28)
100
Lee J B et al 2012 Case series 4 24 20 4 43 years (range 32-63 years)
41 months (12-133 months)
NR
Lee K H et al 2013 Case series 4 2 2 females 70 years 41 years
2 years 3 years
100
Lo YP et al 2006 Therapeutic series
4 72 24 48 42 years (22-61)
16 months (12-36)
100
Londers J et al 2007 Case series 3 56 37 19 34 years (17-59)
72 months (60-120)
100
Majewski M et al
2010 Therapeutic series
4 11 8 3 13 years (8-17) 2 years (1-4 years)
100
Martin HD et al
2012 Therapeutic series
4 30 8 22 gt18 years 5 days 100
Mas Martinez et al
2015 Case report 4 1 1 female 58 years 2 years 100
Matsuda DK Calipusan CP
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 27 years 1 year 100
Matsuda DK Safran MR
2013 Case report 4 1 1 male 40 years 18 months 100
Matsuda D K 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 2 years 100Matsuda D K et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 14 16 378 years (15-59)
NR NR
McCarthy JJ MacEwen GD
2007 Therapeutic series
4 3 1 2 14 months 9 months 100
McCormick F et al
2012 Case-control study
3 176 72 104 409 years (173 - 628 years)
43 years (2-104 years)
71 (125 patients)
McDonald J E et al
2014 Therapeutic series
3 17 17 male 31 years (23-37)
2 years 100
Meftah M et 2011 Therapeutic 4 50 22 28 401 years (19- 84 years (7- 100
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Larson CM et al
2011 Prognostic study
4 210 133 94 383 years (14-64)
27 months (12-60)
NR
Lee DH et al 2009 Case reports 4 2 2 male 10 years 12 years
20 months 17 months
100
Lee YK et al 2013 Case series 4 40 20 20 414 years (+-171)
6 months 100
Lee YK et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 9 4 5 45 years (36-67)
18 months (16-28)
100
Lee J B et al 2012 Case series 4 24 20 4 43 years (range 32-63 years)
41 months (12-133 months)
NR
Lee K H et al 2013 Case series 4 2 2 females 70 years 41 years
2 years 3 years
100
Lo YP et al 2006 Therapeutic series
4 72 24 48 42 years (22-61)
16 months (12-36)
100
Londers J et al 2007 Case series 3 56 37 19 34 years (17-59)
72 months (60-120)
100
Majewski M et al
2010 Therapeutic series
4 11 8 3 13 years (8-17) 2 years (1-4 years)
100
Martin HD et al
2012 Therapeutic series
4 30 8 22 gt18 years 5 days 100
Mas Martinez et al
2015 Case report 4 1 1 female 58 years 2 years 100
Matsuda DK Calipusan CP
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 27 years 1 year 100
Matsuda DK Safran MR
2013 Case report 4 1 1 male 40 years 18 months 100
Matsuda D K 2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 2 years 100Matsuda D K et al
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 14 16 378 years (15-59)
NR NR
McCarthy JJ MacEwen GD
2007 Therapeutic series
4 3 1 2 14 months 9 months 100
McCormick F et al
2012 Case-control study
3 176 72 104 409 years (173 - 628 years)
43 years (2-104 years)
71 (125 patients)
McDonald J E et al
2014 Therapeutic series
3 17 17 male 31 years (23-37)
2 years 100
Meftah M et 2011 Therapeutic 4 50 22 28 401 years (19- 84 years (7- 100
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
al series 77) 136 years)Mineo R C Gittins M E
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 17 years 2 year 100
Mineta K et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 1 year 100
Narvani A A Tsiridis et al
2003 Prospective study
4 18 13 5 305 (SD=845) range of 17 to 48
NR NR
Nelson IR Keene JS
2014 Therapeutic series
4 30 6 24 35 years (range 15 to 57 years)
2 years 100
Nepple JJ et al 2011 Cohort study 3 338 114 224 368 years (15-68)
NR NR
Nepple JJ et al 2012 Cohort study 3 NR NR NR NR NRNossa J M et al
2014 Cohort study 2 360 147 215 404 years (15-79)
min 6 months 100
Nusem I et al 2006 Case series 4 6 3 3 24 years (8-54) (6-42 months) 100Nwachukwu BU et al
2011 Case series 4 175 24 151 156 years (6-18)
12-53 months 100
Ochs BC et al 2012 Therapeutic series
4 35 11 24 3981 years (15-59)
NR NR
Oh K J et al 2007 Case reports 4 2 2 males 29 years 35 years
gt6 months 100
Oleary JA et al
2001 Case series 3 84 53 31 336 years (11-56)
average of 30 months (at least 20)
100
Pardiwala DN Nagda TV
2007 Case report 4 1 1 male 13 years 4 years 100
Park MS et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 197 97 100 4464 years 282 months NR
Park M et al 2014 Case reports 4 3 2 1 50 years 34 years 46 years
12 months 100
Park S E Ko Y
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 42 years 3 months 100
Peng X et al 2013 Case reports 4 3 3 females 45 38 55 years 9 months 100Petchprapa C N et al
2014 Diagnostic 3 41 17 24 males 35 years females 33 years
NR NR
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Philippon MJ et al
2008 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 372 years (21-47)
20 months (range 10 to 36 months)
100
Philippon M J et al
2009 Case study 4 1 1 male 25 years 16 weeks 100
Philippon M J et al
2014 Case series 4 7 4 3 42 years (28-50 years)
NR 100
Philippon M J Jarvis H C
2012 Case report 4 1 1 female 15 years 11 months 100
Polat G et al 2013 Case series 3 42 25 17 351 years (16-52)
282 months (10-72)
100
Potter BK et al 2005 Case series 4 33 14 19 346 years (21-56)
257 months (6-70)
100
Ranawat A S et al
2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 52 years NR 100
Rath E et al 2013 Therapeutic series
4 50 31 19 367 years (16-68)
2956 weeks (9-62 weeks)
100
Rosenbaum A et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 male 24 years 6 months 100
Roy D R 2005 Therapeutic series
4 9 5 4 15 years (12 years 4 months - 16 years 8 months)
MIN 2 years 100
Ruch DS et al 2001 Case Series 3 46 38 8 35 years (13-53)
NR NR
Rupp R Duggan B
2012 Cohort study 2 60 28 32 473 years (20-72)
NR 100
Safran M Ryu J
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 19 years 2 years 100
Santori N et al
2012 Case series 4 19 7 12 65 yrs ( 51 - 75)
14 months (6-29)
100
Schilders E et al
2011 Case series 3 101 76 25 37 years (15 to 71)
244 years (2-4 years)
100
Schindler A et al
1995 Case series 3 21 12 9 16 years (11-21)
NR 100
Sener N et al 2011 Case report 4 1 1 female 61 years 5 years 100Sharma A et al 2009 Case report 4 1 1 female 45 years NR 100Singleton SB et al
2005 Case report 4 1 1 male 38 years 12 months 100
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Souza BG et al 2010 Therapeutic series
4 194 115 79 362 years (7-78)
394 months (4-103 months)
100
Stabile K J et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 46 years NR NR
Svoboda SJ et al
2003 Case report 4 1 1 male 23 years NR NR
Teloken MA et al
2002 Case report 4 1 1 male 33 years 18 months 100
Tey M Alvarez S and Rios J L
2012 Case report 4 1 1 male 37 years 3 months 100
Thomas Byrd J W Jones K S
2001 Case series 3 42 23 19 29 years (14-70)
26 months (3-60)
100
Vendittoli PA et al
2012 Case series 3 81 40 41 31 years (16-74)
24 months 100
Trompeter A et al
2013 Therapeutic series
3 118 58 60 373 years (17-55)
2 years NR
Watanabe N Iguchi H et al
2014 Case report 4 1 1 female 39 years 25 years 100
Wilkin G et al 2014 Therapeutic series
4 41 10 31 527 years (45-67)
29 years (2-62)
100
Yamamoto Y et al
2003 Case series 4 10 2 8 28 years (16-48)
95 years (3-13) 100
Yamamoto Y Usui I
2006 Case report 4 1 1 female 78 years 2 years 100
Yang JH et al 2010 Case reports 4 2 2 females 18 years 15 years
3 years 4 months
100
Yanke A B et al
2013 Case report 4 1 1 female 37 years 12 months 100
Yu Y H et al 2011 Case series 3 9 7 2 1 years 24 8 months (12-34)
100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 3 36 17 19 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672 months (46-103)
100
Appendix Table 2 Demographics of 65 lateral studies in study including name type of study level of evidence number of patients malefemale age and follow-up
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Authors Year Type of Study Level of Evidence
Number of Patients
Malefemale Age (and range)
Follow-up period (and range)
Follow-up percent (and range)
Amenabar T ODonnell J
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 26 360 221 years(16 to 30)
493 months (24 to 976)
100
Aprato A et al 2012 Therapeutic case series
4 525 241 284 39 years NR 100
Aprato A et al 2012 Case series 4 679 314365 Mean age 38 2 years 100Baber Y F et al
1999 Case series 4 332 120212 Mean 36 (18-78)
NR 987
Bajwa A S Villar R N
2011 Case series 4 48 (24 study 24 control)
2523 Mean age of the patients was 521 years (30 to 69) and 438 years (26 to 67) in the study and control groups
Minimum 1 year period Mean FU was 685 weeks (54 to 154) [study group]109 weeks (96 to 114) [control groups]
100
Baker C LJr et al
2007 Therapeutic case series
4 30 NR mean age 619 years (range 396 to 818 years)
261 months (138-41)
83
Bartlett CS et al
1998 Case Report 5 1 10 50 year old male
NR 100
Boden RA et al
2014 Case series 4 120 NR 39 years (range 14 to 67)
23 months (12 to 43)
100
Budd H et al 2012 Case series 4 50 2228 NR NR -NRDaivajna S et al
2015 Case series 4 77 6314 43 years (19 to 64)
28 years (22 to 42)
100
Dudda M et al 2011 Therapeutic case series
4 21 615 28 years [16 to 41 years]
NR NR
Eardley W G P et al
2014 Case Report 5 1 01 17 years 6 months 100
Egerton T et al 2013 Retrospective cohort
3 560 283277 415 years 12 months 100
Ellender P Minas T
2008 case report 5 1 01 19 years 24 months 100
Farjo LA Glick 1999 Case series 4 28 1513 41 years 34 months 100
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
JM and Sampson TG
(range 14 to 70 years)
(range 13 to 100 months)
Flecher X et al 2011 Case series 4 23 149 34 plusmn 4 years (range 17 to 54)
21 months (range 12mdash28 months)
100
Fontana A et al
2012 Case series 3 30 1218 Group A 407 (22-52) Group B 423 (20-53)
BOTH groups 74 months (range 72 to 76 months)Group A 738 (72-76) Group B 738 (72-76)
100
Funke EL Munzinger U
1996 Case series 4 19 811 29 (range 21 to 46) years
NR NR
Futami T et al
1992 Case reports 5 5 41 114 years (11-13)
NR NR
Gaymer CE et al
2013 Therapeutic case series
4 116 0 116 41 years (SD 146)
12 weeks 100
Goldman A et al
1987 Case report 5 1 10 22 year old NR NR
Gray AJ Villar RN
1997 Therapeutic case series
4 20 119 333 yrs (14 to 54 years)
NR -NR
Haene R A et al
2007 Case series 4 128 6860 Dysplastic group 485 years (17 to 80) Normal group 3536 years (16 to 73)
NR -NR
Hase T Ueo T
1999 Case series 4 10 37 13 to 67 years (average 287 years)
29 years (13 to 58 years)
100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr Buganza-Tepole M Olivos-Meza A Acuna M and
2014 Therapeutic case series
4 20 911 group 1 356 years group 2 32 7 years
24 months 100
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Acosta-Rodriguez E Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2009 Case Series 1 19 613 Group 1 295 years [range 19 to 42 years SD 81]) Group 2 326 years [range 24 to 44 years SD 71])
12 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Case series 4 7 16 23 (range 17 to 40)
13 months 100
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2011 Case series 4 17 134 285 years (range 19-37 years)
3 years (avg 45 months)
94
Ilizaliturri VM Jr et al
2005 Consecutive case series
4 6 06 385 years (range 26 to 44 years)
Avg 214 months (10 to 27)
100
Ilizaliturri V MJr et al
2006 Case series 4 10 19 26 years (range 21 to 35 years)
12 months 100
Jones CW et al
2009 Case report 1 1 10 68 years 6 weeks 100
Kemp J L et al
2014 Cross sectional study
140 9446 355 years 12- 24 months 100
Khanduja V Villar RN
2008 Case report 5 1 01 53 years NR NR
Lage LA Patel JV and Villar RN
1996 Therapeutic case series
4 267 118149 40 years (range 6 to 82)
NR NR
Lee EM et al 2008 Case reports 5 2 11 46 years NR NRLee HH et al 2010 Therapeutic
case series4 268 50218 NR NR NR
Malviya A et al
2013 Therapeutic study
4 80 5030 357years 14 years (1ndash18)
100
Malviya A et al
2012 Case series 2 122 7448 Athletes 357 (16 to 59) Non-athletes
12 months 100
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
349 (14 to 57)Marchie A et al
2011 Case series 4 29 1514 41 years 64 months NR
Margheritini F et al
1998 Case report 4 1 10 31 years 3 months 100
McCarthy J et al
2003 Case series 4 10 91 24 years (range 18ndash35 years)
18 months (4 monthsndash6 years)
100
McCarthy JC Busconi B
1995 Case series 4 94 4450 37 years (17 to 69)
25 years (182 to 42)
100
McCarthy JC et al
2011 Therapeutic study
4 106 4759 39 years (plusmn 13) 13 years (10ndash20 years)
100
McCarthy JC et al
1998 Therapeutic series
4 20 713 36 years (16 - 54 years)
2 years (7-41 months)
100
McCarthy J C Lee J A
2002 Diagnostic study
2 163 44119 35 years (range 12ndash58 years)
NR NR
McCormick F et al
2013 Therapeutic Case Series
4 11 37 659 years (60 to 74 years)
23 months (13 to 38 months)
91
Mei-Dan O et al
2012 Case Report 5 1 01 42 years 12 month 100
Mei-Dan O et al
2014 Case series 3 129 4234 33 years (14 to 50 years)
12 months 100
Meyer NJ et al 2002 Case Report 5 1 10 27 years NR NR
Mullis BH et al 2006 Case series 3 36 NR NR NR NR
Noguchi Y et al
1999 Therapeutic case series
4 115 9106 356 years (12 to 58 years)
NR NR
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Okada Y et al 1989 Case Report 5 1 01 16 years 12 months 100Owens BD Busconi BD
2006 Retrospective series
4 11 83 258 (17-35) 24 months 100
Ozkan K et al 2007 Case Report 5 1 01 24 years 12 months 100Sampson T G 2005 Case series 4 38 NR NR NR NR
Santori N Villar RN
2000 Therapeutic case Series
4 76 2533 367 years (8 to 70 years)
35 years (24 to 61 months)
88
Santori N Villar R N
1999 Case series 3 234 NR GROUP A 37 (24-56) GROUP B 33 (25-43)GROUP C 56 (30-63)
NR NR
Schiffman ED et al
2012 Case report 5 1 01 58 years 2 weeks 100
Stafford GH et al
2011 Case series 4 28 1414 NR NR NR
Stafford G H et al
2011 Case series 54 2518 342 years (18 to 53 years)
28 months (16 to 42 months)
7963
Telleria JJ et al 2012 Case series 4 60 2931 375 plusmn 123 years (16-61 yrs)
NR NR
Tran P et al 2013 Case series 4 34 NR 157 years 14 months (1ndash2 years)
100
Tzaveas AP Villar RN
2010 Case series 4 19 514 36 years (18 to 57)
12 months 100
Zhou M et al 2013 Case series 4 36 1719 275plusmn52 years (12-47 years)
672plusmn84 months (46-103 months)
NR
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Appendix Table 3 Outcomes complications and revisions of all supine studies
Study Hip Outcome Score
Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Why
Abrams et al (2014)
Synovial fluid analysis for analytes included fibronectinndashaggrecan complex (FAC) as well as a standard 12 cytokine array
- - FAC was the only analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA OA 008 plusmn 04 vs Non-OA 115 plusmn 035 lgml
None reported
- -
Akkari et al (2010)
Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) Frog-leg angle
mHHS 172 (111-396)
Frog-leg angle Range 70deg to 90deg (mean 82deg)
mHHS mean 866 (693-100)
Frog-leg angle Range 0deg to 25deg (mean 14deg)
mHHS 694 Avascular necrosis (AVN) was seen in one case (4 months post-op)
Removal of screws
Due to AVN
Alaia et al (2011)
--- --- --- --- Contralateral DVT
--- ---
Al-Asiri et al (2012)
--- PainMechanical symptoms due to bullet
--- --- --- ---
Anderson Modified Competitive= 41 (20- 6-weeks All athletes none none none
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
et al (2008)
Harris Hip Score
Return to sports
62)
Recreational = 44 (14-72)
competitive 87 (range 78-96) recreational 63 (range 26-90) 6 months competitive = 98 recreational = 94 12 months competitive 97 recreational 96
had a return to sport
mHHS (6 weeks) 46 (comp) 19 (rec) mHHS (6 month) 57 (comp) 50 (rec) mHHS (12 month) 56 (comp) 52 (rec)
Awan et al (2006)
Questionnaire (pain mechanical symptoms activity levels and sporting activities)
Mean 677 Mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 64
Mean 84 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 90
Mean 163 mechanical symptoms with definite labral pathology 26
none none none
Ayeni et al (2011)
Harris hip scoreHip outcome scoreHip outcome score (sports)
HHS 561
HOS471
HOS(sports) 222
HHS836
HOS927
HOS(sports) 583
HHS275
HOS456
HOS(sports) 361
Non-displaced basicervcal fracture
Femoral neck reduction and fixation with proximal femoral locking plate and screws
Persistent symptoms due to patient walking long distances against medical advice
Badylak et al (2011)
mHHS ILP36 plusmn147
ILP 82 plusmn 163 (3 month)
ILP46(3 months)
50 (20) Labral punctures
none ---
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
NLP36 plusmn 123 85 plusmn 154 (6
month)
88 plusmn 133 (12 months)
88 plusmn 85 (24 months)
NLP87 plusmn 166 (3 month)
88 plusmn 129 (6 month)
90 plusmn 138 (12 months)
89 plusmn 715 (24 month)
49(6 months) 52(12 months) 52(24 months)
NLP51 (3 month) 52 (6 month) 54 (12 months) 53 (24 months)
Baker et al (2011)
Basic demographics intra-operative findings operative procedures analgesic requirements in the form of opiate requirement and post-
--- --- Mean intra-operative morphine dose71 mg (SD 32 mg)39 patients (46) required IV morphine at in the recovery
none none ---
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
operative pain scores Post-operative pain score at 1 h post-surgery (scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) on a continuous Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
room post-arthroscopy (mean 18 mg SD 26 mg)
Mean maximum VAS score during the stay in recovery 24 (SD 29) Mean
VAS at discharge from the theatre recovery room to the general ward was 1410 (SD 16)
Beaule et al (2011)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution
Pain mechanical symptoms
Case 1CEA 30 Tonnis Angle 8 Alpha-angle 42 deg +pincer deformity
Case 2 CEA 35
--- 45 complete relief of symptoms
none 1 patient had repeat arthroscopy (8 months post-op)
Due to persistent pain acetabular labrallimbus had been inadequately resected
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Tonnis Angle 5 Alpha-angle 43 deg +pincer deformity
Case 3 CEA 31 Tonnis Angle 4 Alpha-angle 46 deg - pincer deformity
Case 4 CEA 34 Tonnis Angle 3 Alpha-angle 47 deg +pincer deformity
Case 5 CEA 33 Tonnis Angle 7 Alpha-angle 39 deg +pincer deformity
Bedi et al (2014)
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle
AP alpha angle
Anterior head-neck offset in mm
Beta angle
ARTHROSCOPY GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle607plusmn102 (47-83)
AP alpha angle751 plusmn116 (55-98)
Anterior head-neck offset453 plusmn 319 (0-7)
Beta angle 168 plusmn 131 (0-43)
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle435 plusmn56 (35-60)
AP alpha angle625 plusmn121 (45-90)
Anterior head-neck offset
ARTHROSCOPY-GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle172 (283)
AP alpha angle126 (168)
Anterior head-neck offset50 (111)
Beta angle
None None
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle697 plusmn 88 (47-83)
AP alpha angle782 plusmn 118 (45-100)
Anterior head-neck offset 6086 plusmn 39 (1-11)
Beta angle294 plusmn 156 (6-67)
956 plusmn 190 (7-12)
Beta angle 400 plusmn 102 (22-60)
OPEN-DISLOCATION GROUP
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle479 plusmn 67 (40-61)
AP alpha angle580 plusmn 96 (45-80)
Anterior head-neck offset 1264 plusmn 473 (6-17)
Beta angle 478 plusmn 169 (26-75)
231 (1375)
OPEN-DISLOCATION
Extended-neck lateral alpha angle212 (307)
AP alpha angle201 (257)
Anterior head-neck offset 656 (108)
Beta angle1835 (624) beta angle
Ben Tov MHHS MHHS 625 plusmn 322 MHHS 872 plusmn 335
MHHS 247 None None
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
et al (2014) HOS
Functional Evaluation
HOS 527 plusmn 548
Functional 460 plusmn 36
HOS 863 plusmn 233
Functional 737 plusmn 348
HOS 336
Functional 277
Benali et al (2009)
Harris Hip Score (HHS)
Arthroplasty 29 Arthroplasty 91
62 Subluxation of hip
29 Total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Instability and pain
Berkes et al (2009)
Pain and stability
Return to sport
Pain
Mechanical symptoms
Pain-free
Stable
Two patients returned to competitive lacrosse
None None --
Blakenbaker et al (2009)
Presence of pecinofoveal fold with measurements in AP ML and SI dimensions
Evaluation for smooth or irregular contours
Evaluation for a femoral or capsular site of insertion
--- Pectinofoveal foldvisualized in 144152 (95) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99) patients
Avg thickness of the fold 26 mm (range 1ndash13 mm) [ML]17 mm
--- None None ---
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
(range 1ndash32 mm) [AP]Avg length of the fold 233 mm (range 7ndash44 mm) [SI]
75144 (52) had smooth contour
69144 (48) had irregular contour
108144 (75) patients had fold insert into capsule and
36144 (25) inserted onto the femur
Bonnomet et al (2001)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Recurrence of exotoses
Exostosis of acetabular fossa pain mechanical symptoms
No recurrence pain-free
Resolution of mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Boyer et al (2008)
100 point overall satisfaction
Pain limitation of movementmechanical symptoms
excellent = 40 good = 23 failure = 6
--- 1x AVN ankylosing spondylitis 1x multiple
multiple arthroscopy (23) arthroplasty
Arthroscopic treatment failed to alleviate symptoms
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
VAS pain (10 points)
Three level mobility scale (excellent = gt75 good = gt50 failure = lt50 )
epiphyseal dysplasia 2x Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
(22) synovectomy (12) removal of loose bodies (11)
Boykin et al (2013)
Patient satisfaction (out of 10) MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORTS Short Form-12 (physicalmental) Return to sport
MHHS 67
HOS-ADL 77
HOS-SPORTS 56
Short Form-12 (physical) 44
Short Form-12 (mental) 49
MHHS 84
HOS-ADL 85
HOS-SPORTS 77
Short Form-12 (physical) 51
Short Form-12 (mental) 54
Overall median patient satisfaction with outcome 82 (range 3-10)
MHHS 17
HOS-ADL 8
HOS-SPORTS 21Short Form-12 (physical) 7
Short Form-12 (mental) 5
1821 returned to professional sports (857)
1721 (81) successfully returned to their previous level of play or better
None Arthroplasty (2) 2 revisions for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions
Osteoarthritis capsulolabral lesions
Byrd JW Chern KY (1997)
Distraction due to tension (DT) vs Distraction due to traction
--- DT62 +- 07 (SE) mm (range 28 mm to
10 None None ---
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
plus distension (DTD)
Change in distraction due to distension ()
103 mm)
DTD72 +- 06 (SE) mm
Change in distraction due to distension () 22 (range 0 to 81)
Byrd et al (2011)
mHHS 65 865 215 1x transient neurapraxia of pudendeal nerve (1) 1x transient neuropraxia of lateral femoral cutaneuous nerve (1) 1x mild heterotopic ossification (1)
6 arthroscopy repeats
Recurrent or persistent symptoms
Byrd et al (2010)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
56 81 25 1x Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (persisted)
4 repeat arthroscopy 14 arthroplasty
Osteoarthritis or AVN
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
1x Localized area of myositis ossificans (resolved)
Byrd et al (2009)
mHHS
Return to Sport
51 96 45
1315 made a successful return to sport
None 1 patient (67) underwent two subsequent re-debridement procedures (within 18 months)
5 patients (333) had THA [average of 73 months (range 4-119 months)]
Recurrent symptoms
Byrd et al (2004) 100-point
rating system
ROM
564 (women) vs 78 (male)
ROM Avg loss of 194deg [ER] (range 10deg to 25deg) 56deg [IR](range 0deg to 10deg)
884 (women) vs 79 (male)
Full ROM after manipulation
32 (women)
1 (male)
None None ---
Byrd et al (2001) (1)
mHHS47 90 53 1x Transient
partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (435)
None ---
Byrd et al (2003)
mHHS 57 dysplastic 83 dysplastic 26 dysplastic None None ---
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
50 borderline dysplastic
77 borderline dysplastic
27 borderline dysplastic
Byrd et al (2001) (2)
mHHS 57 92 35 Transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (24)
One patient underwent 2 procedures for successful outcome
One arthroplasty
---
Byrd et al (2000)
mHHS 57 85 28 Partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaenous nerce focal area of myositis ossificans within portal tract
6 THA 1 core decompression
3 second-arthroscopies
2 OA 1 inflammatory arthritis 1 rheumatoid arthritis 2 stage V AVN 1 myositis ossificans reccurrent intra-articular symptoms
Byrd (1996)
Pain and mechanical symptom resolution
PainMechanical symptoms
Pain-freeNo mechanical symptoms
--- None None ---
Byrd et al (2013)
mHHS Study 69Control 63
Study 92Control 84
Study 23Control 21
2 x transient perineal neuorpraxia (185)
5 repeat arthroscopies
---
Byrd et al (2002)
mHHS 51 (31-65) 56 (23-96) 5 None but poor outcomes only 3 returned to
None ---
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
more than daily activities(these 3 also underwent micro-fracture)
Cascio et al (2013)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
70 (66-81) 94 (81-100) 24 No major ankle andor knee pain
2x Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paresthesias
mild hip flexor pain consistent with rectus tendinitis
Revision at 18 months for repair of labrum (not originally addressed at initial surgery)
Labrum was not originally addressed at initial surgery
Chan K et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- 42 4 major hip dislocation DVT x 2 septic joint
6 minor 2x lateral femoral neurapraxia superficial wound infection heterotopic
--- ---
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
ossification x 2 capsular adhesion
Chan YS et al (2005)
NA --- --- --- None None
Chen et al (2014)
Slip angle
Alpha angle
Internal rotation in flexion (IRIF)
pain OERD
Pain and OERD
Slip angle 2544deg (range 12deg to 56deg)
Alpha angle 8822deg (range 70deg to 118deg)
IRIF minus2153deg(range minus45deg to 10deg)
Slip angle 2505deg (range 13deg to 55deg)
Alpha angle5492 (range 33deg to 67deg)
IRIF10deg (range minus20deg to 20deg)
88 = no pain or OERD OERD and pain persisted in 2 hip and 2 patients had residual pain with good motion
Slip angle -039
Alpha angle -3330
IRIF 3153
OERD was eliminated in 32 of 34 hips after arthroscopic osteoplasty alone
Two patients (54) sustained minor iatrogenic injury 1 labral injury and 1 acetabular lesion during initial portal placement
2 residual OERD correction with subsequent open osteotomies
---
Chernchujit et al (2009)
Hip Harris Score (HHS)
--- 898 (+-47) --- None None ---
Chung et al (1993)
Evaluation of Arthroscopic lavage for
Pain with mobility 7 patients had positive cultures from
Full pain-free mobility (range 1 to 4
None None ---
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
septic arthritis fluid obtained via surgical lavage S aureus (4) H influenza (2) S pyogenes (1) 2 unknown organisms
weeks)
Contreras et al (2010)
mHHS
VAS
VAS77 (6-10)
MHHS561 (132-847)
VAS-3 month 43 (0-10)
VAS-6 month 36 (1-8)
VAS-12 month 24 (0-8)
VAS-24 month 24 (0-8)
MHHS ndash 1 Yr 884 (572-100)
MHHS 2-yrs 879 (495-100)
VAS-3 month -34
VAS-6 month -41
VAS-12 month -53
VAS-24 month -53
MHHS-1 year 323
MHHS-2 yrs 318
none None ---
Cooper et al (2013)
mHHS
NAHS
MHHSUnder 25 = 475 (plusmn 1349)
Under 25MHHS-Baseline 4775 (plusmn1349)
MHHSUnder 251622
Superficial portal site infection
None ---
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Hip dysfunction amp osteoarthritis outcome score
Over 25 = 4326 (plusmn836)
NAHSUnder 25 4898 (plusmn4898)
Over 254213 (plusmn87)
HOOSmdashsymptoms under 25 4424 (plusmn1442) over 25 3917 (plusmn779)
HOOSmdashpain under 25 = 4644 (plusmn1393)
over 25 = 3764 (plusmn704)
HOOSmdashfunction daily livingUnder 25 = 5109 (plusmn1549) 4
Over 25 = 350 (plusmn853)
HOOSmdashfunction sports under 25 = 3068 (plusmn1254)
MHHS-6wk 6679 (plusmn1635)
MHHS-6mo 7078 (plusmn1525)
MHHS-1 yr 6535 (plusmn2024)
NAHS-Baseline 4898 (plusmn1317)
NAHS-6 wk 6635 (plusmn1597)
NAHS-6 mo 7188 (plusmn1507)NAHS-1 yr 6577 (plusmn1909)
Over 25MHHS-Baseline 4326 (plusmn836)
MHHS-6wk 6294 (plusmn1194)
MHHS-6mo 6381 (plusmn1453)
MHHS-1 yr
Over 252088
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
over 25 = 2483 (plusmn1218)
HOOSmdashquality of life 3955 (plusmn1143) 3906 (plusmn985)
6283 (plusmn1844)
NAHS-Baseline 4213 (plusmn870)
NAHS-6wk 6189 (plusmn1051)
NAHS-6mo 6239 (plusmn1373)
NAHS-1yr 6280 (plusmn1939)
Cory et al (1998)
Pain and mechanical symptoms Heel impactation test
PainMechanical symptoms
--- ROM hip flexion of 120deg abduction of 65deg external rotation of 60deg internal rotation of 50deg
Negative heel impaction test
Resolution of mechanical symptoms pain-free
None None ---
Curtin et al (2014)
Pain amp mechanical symptom
Right hip pain --- Pain-freeNo mechanical
Dermal burn None ---
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
resolution symptoms Dietrich et al (2001)
Evaluation of the frequency of the supra-acetabular fossa (SAF) at MRA of the hip and comparing the MR findings with those from arthroscopy
--- --- 161002 hip joints (16) had SAF type 1 (mean width 52 times 45 mm)
89 hip joints (89) had SAF type 2 (mean width 51 times 47 mm)
No subchondral changes were found around the SAF No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy
None None ---
Dippmann et al (2014)
Questionnaire concerning nerve dysfunction possible localization and erectile dysfunction
--- --- ---Nerve dysfunction (46 at one week 28 at 6 weeks 22 at 22 weeks and 18 at one year)8 pedal perineum 14 lateral femoral 3 sciatic temporary
None ---
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
erectile dysfunction
Domb et al (2013) (1)
Evaluating for intra-op acetabular labral injury
--- --- 2 patients (067) suffered intraoperative labral injuriesOne injury occurred during revision arthroscopy while the second involved a hyperplastic labrum in a dysplastic hip
No patient with normal hip morphological characteristics undergoing a hip arthroscopy suffered a labral tear as a result of portal placement
None None ---
Domb et al (2013) (2)
Evaluatiing risk factors for LT tears Lateral convex index (LCI)
--- --- 226430 hips (49) had a partial or full-thickness LT tear
None None ---
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Patients with tears were significantly older (avg ages of 33 and 38) than patients without tears
Patients with tears had less acetabular retroversion
Using the LCI 115 hips (25) were classified as high 236 (50) as medium and 114 (25) as low Hips with low LCI were 174 times more likely to have LT tears than high LCI hips
Eberhardt et al (2012)
Mean acetabular index
355 degrees (30-40) 233 degrees (17-28)
-122 degrees 3 x AVN (60) None ---
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Eberhardt et al (2014)
AC Angle 40 degrees (34-47) 187 degrees (11-27)
-213 degrees 2 x Grade 2 necrosis of femoral head
None ---
Ejnisman et al (2013)
Relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with FAI
Mean femoral version 9deg (range 210deg to 27deg)
ROM abduction = 45deg (range 18deg to 95deg)
adduction = 19deg (range 2deg to 35deg)
flexion = 109deg (range 45deg to 145deg)
external rotation = 40deg (range 2deg to 96deg)
internal rotation = 25deg (range 3deg to 95deg)
All hips had a positive impingement sign
Group 3 (more than 15deg of femoral anteversion) 26 tears extended past the 3-orsquoclock position 33 did not
Group 1 (less than 15deg of anteversion) 37 extended past the 3-orsquoclock position and 103 did not
Patients with femoral version less than 5deg (Group 1) had significantly increased external rotation (45deg+- 14deg)
Femoral version greater than 15deg (Group 3) was related to larger labral tears (avg size 38 mm) Group 1 had tear sizes measuring 30 mm
Patients with angles between 5deg and 15deg (Group 2) had tear sizes averaging 34
None None ---
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
mm
External rotation for group 1 (average 45deg +- 14deg) was significantly higher than that for groups 2 (average 38deg +- 12deg) and 3 (average 36deg +- 13deg)
Mean femoral version angle (psoas release) 11deg and 8deg (non-psoas release)
Epstein et al (2010)
Pain instability dislocation
Pain instability recurrent dislocations
No further dislocation
Returned to dance
None None ---
Fabricant et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS
HOS-sports
mHHS 67 HOS 77 sports-HOS 49
mHHS 88 HOS 92 sports-HOS 82
mHHS 21 HOS 16sports-HOS 32
None None ---
Fickert et al (2014)
NAHS NAHS 675 (SD 22)
NAHS 956(SD 44)
NAHS 281 Temporal hypoesthesia
None ---
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
mHHS
SF-36 (physical amp mental)
mHHS 745 (SD 172)
SF-36 478 (SD 214)
mHHS 98 (SD 28)
SF-36 934(SD 27)
mHHS 235
SF-36 456
in both barefoot pain in scrotum and localized redness
Flanum et al (2007)
Harris 100 point hip score
58 (30-73) HHS 623 (6 weeks) 845 (12 weeks) 903 (24 weeks) 957 (52 weeks)
HHS 40 (6 weeks) 262 (12 weeks) 320 (24 weeks) 3740 (52 weeks)
Ipsilateral sacroiliac joint pain recurrent ischial bursitis
None ---
Fontana et al (2000)
Pain ROM Pain in groin Pain-free full ROM
--- None None ---
Franco et al (2011)
Predictors for early failure(gender age preop diagnosis minimum joint space lateral center edge
angle (LCEA) subchondral acetabular cysts and the size of cysts (lt1cm or gt1cm))
--- --- Mean minimum joint-space (successful cohort) 393mm (SD=11mm)
Mean minimum joint-space (Failure-cohort)263 mm (SD=17mm)
Mean LCEA (successful) 378deg (SD=107deg)
None None ---
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Mean LCEA (Failure) 325deg (SD=103deg)
Subchondral cysts (successful) 327 vs 1216 (Failure)
227 (successful) had a cyst lt1cm127 patient (Successful) had a cyst measuring ge1 cm816 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring lt1cm and 416 (Failure) patients had a cyst measuring ge1 cm
Frich et al (1989)
Diagnosis of admittance and the results of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Diagnosis was verified in 5 cases including arthroscopic removal of a
4 cases of inadequate visualization (286) 1 case of temporary
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
loose body resection of a plica bridging the space between the femoral head and acetabular roof
Diagnosis was rejected in 3 cases
5 cases no pathologic changes were found
One arthroscopy was inconclusive (narrow field of vision)
skin numbness in area of LCFN (71)
Gaudelli et al (2011)
PainMechanical symptom resolution
Pain and mechanical symptoms
Mild pain Less mechanical symptoms
Bilateral PE (4 weeks post-op)
None ---
Gdalevitch et al (2009)
Evaluation of pre-op radiographs with a labral tear at hip
--- --- 1519 hips (12) had a tear of the labrum and delamination
None 2 patients THA within 2 years of their arthroscopy (16)
Due to increasing pain and progressive arthritic changes
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
arthroscopy for the presence of a delamination cyst
of the acetabular articular cartilage
Overall 47125 hips (38) had a lateral acetabular cyst
16125 (13) Delamination cyst was seen on the radiographs (11 having the adjacent cyst type and five having the cracked cyst type)412 hips with adjacent cysts also had a crack in the acetabular subchondral bone
Geyer et al (2013)
mHHS HOS
Patient satisfaction score
mHHS 589 (28-100)
HOS ADL 69 (12-96)
mHHS 83 (47-100)
HOS ADL 81 (25-100)
mHHS 241HOS ADL 12
HOS sport 26
None 18 patients (24) progressed to THA in (average of 28
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
HOS sport 41 (0-97)
SF12 physical 423 (227-573)
SF12 mental 547 (239-707)
HOS sport 67 (0-100)
SF12 physical 501(246-626)
SF12 mental 532 (282 -654)
SF12 physical 78
SF12 mental15
Patient satisfaction 8
months) 1 resurfacing (13)
Giordano et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS
mHHS 4895NAHS4602HOS-ADL4747HOS-SSS2818VAS 68
mHHS846NAHS7674HOS-ADL881HOS-SSS 7883VAS 14
mHHS 3565NAHS3072HOS-ADL4063HOS-SSS 5065VAS -54
None Spinal fusion at 6 months
Patient was non-compliant with post-op orders
Guanche et al (2005)
WOMAC (affectednon-affected hip)
Pain mechanical symptoms
Pain mechanical symptoms (catching)
WOMAC (non-affected hip) 97
WOMAC (affected hip) 94
Return to running at pre-injury level
None None ---
Gupta et al (2015)
mHHSNAHSHOS-ADL
NON OBESE
mHHS 6341
NON OBESEmHHS 8362
NON OBESEmHHS 204NAHS 2276
7 x heterotopic ossifications
None ---
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
HOS-SSS NAHS 6086HOS-ADL6624HOS-SSS 4401
Class 1mHHS 5481NAHS 4898HOS-ADL 5322HOS-SSS 3056
Class 2mHHS 5081NAHS 4236HOS-ADL 4811HOS-SSS 2825
NAHS 8362HOS-ADL 8624HOS-SSS 7326
Class 1mHHS 7595NAHS 7251HOS-ADL 7299HOS-SSS 6075
Class 2mHHS 8001NAHS 7250HOS-ADL 7443HOS-SSS 6256
HOS-ADL 2000HOS-SSS 2925
Class 1mHHS 2114NAHS 2353HOS-ADL 1977HOS-SSS 3019
Class 2mHHS 292NAHS 3014HOS-ADL 2662HOS-SSS 3431
(1) 5 x superficial wound infections (07) 4 x sciatic nerve palsies (06) 3 x pudendal nerve palsies (04) 3 x lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (04) 4 x DVTs (06) 1 PE (01)
Hammoud et al (2011)
NA --- --- 3638 return to play
None None ---
Hetsroni et al (2011)
MHHS HOS-ADL HOS-SPORT Alpha angle Acetabular version Femoral version Lateral center-
--- --- MHHS725 plusmn 141 (men)638 plusmn 119 (women)
HOS-ADL 757 plusmn 149 (men)
None None ---
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
edge angle Neck-shaft angle
683 plusmn 164 (women)
HOS-SPORT 523 plusmn 229 (men)427 plusmn 238 (women)
Hyman et al (1999)
Evaluation via IampD and debridement of late acute periprosthetic infections
--- --- No radiographic loosening of components no recurrence of infection
None None ---
Ikeda et al (1988)
NA Pain on passive flexion and medial rotation
--- --- None 2 repeat arthroscopies partial resection of the labrum via open arthrotomy
Due to persistent pain and symptoms in the hip
Jackson et al (2014) (1)
mHHS NAHS HOS ADL HOS SSS VAS SATISFACTION
mHHS 637 plusmn 179 HOS-ADL 669 plusmn 212 HOS-SSS 465 plusmn 248 NAHS609 plusmn 211 VAS65 plusmn 22
mHHS 899 plusmn 130 HOS-ADL 910 plusmn 144 HOS-SSS 792 plusmn 254 NAHS879 plusmn 157 VAS23 plusmn 23SATISFACTION86 plusmn 20
mHHS 262 NAHS 270HOS-ADL 241HOS-SSS 327VAS -42
1x Heterotopic ossification (19) 1x dysplasia (19)
3 repeat arthroscopies
2 conversion to THA
2 chondroplasties
Due to recurrent pain dysplasia and heterotropic ossification
Jackson et Evaluating for Anterior groin pain --- Amorphous None None ---
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
al (2014) (2)
findings of amorphous calcification involving the acetabular labrum
calcifications 32 mm (range 19 mm to 56 mm) located in the anterosuperior (AS) labrum
Jaekers et al (2012)
NA --- --- --- 1x Intra-abdominal fluid collection (16L)
Diagnostic laparoscopy
To evaluate damage and remove fluid
Jamali et al (2014)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain decreased ROM (rightleft) 100deg90deg (flexion) 50deg35deg (ext rotation) 10degminus5deg (int rotation) 15deg15deg (abduction) +anterior impingement sign
Uneventful recovery
--- None intra- or immediately post-op
Pelvic ring injury
Percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring injury
Anterior plating with hardware removal at 1 year
Due to a motorcycle accident 12 months after the procedure on the left hip and 7 months after the procedure on the right hip
James et al (2006)
Accuracy of MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with acetabular dysplasia
--- --- MRI correctly identified the severity of chondral abnormality in 2427 hips (89) when compared with
None None ---
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
arthroscopic findingsThe acetabular labra in the dysplastic hips demonstrated abnormal signal intensity and had an elongated appearance when compared with the control group (mean length 109 mm vs 64 mm)
Jensen et al (2013)
Pain resolution
Pain tenderness at left trochanteric region
Full resolution of trochanteric pain
Arthroscopic removal of her proximal locking screw
None None ---
Jerosch et al (2006)
HHS 684 (SD 801) 895 (SD 884)
211 None4 (18) had THA (range 6 months - 2 years)
---
Kalore et al (2012)
mHHS 58 77 19 None None ---
Kamath et mHHS 5679 8044 2365 4 transient 3 THA (57) ---
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
al (2009) nerve palsies (77) (2 lateral femoral cutaenous 2 pudendal) 1 transient paresthesias in skin of penis (19) and scrotum 1 broken wire putting in anterior portal (19)
[range 6-11 months]
Kandemir et al (2003)
Symptom resolution from calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM flexion 120deg extension 10deg abduction 40deg adduction 20deg ext rotation 35deg int rotation 25deg
Decreased pain and mechanical symptoms
At 3 months symptom free no limitations
None None ---
Keeney et al (2004)
Comparison between MRA results with hip arthroscopy findings technique in evaluating acetabular labral tears and
--- --- MRA-Labral tears detected 7193 (76) in 92 patients) with five false positive studies in five patients (49) MRA-labral pathology sensitivity of 71 specificity of 44 PPV
None None ---
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
concurrent articular hip pathology via assessing sensitivity specificity PPV NPV
93 NPV 13 and accuracy 69MRA-Articular cartilage pathology sensitivity 47 specificity 89 PPV 84 NPV 59 and accuracy of 67 Articular cartilage findings diagnosed by MRA were confirmed by arthroscopy in 64 hips in 64 patients (627)
Kelly et al (2012)
Femoral anteversion 99
(+-66)
276 (+- 64)
180 (+-71)
276 (+- 64) 180 (+-71)None None ---
Khanna et al (2014)
Comparing the incidence of intra-articular hip pathologic findings identified using arthroscopy versus conventional imaging in patients with
--- Arthroscopy identified 1729 hips (59) as having loose bodies 1129 (38) hips as having an intra-articular step deformity 1429 (49)
Plain radiographs and CT scans low sensitivity vs arthroscopy in identification of loose bodies (6 vs 14) and step deformities (45 vs 67)
None None ---
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
acute trauma to the hip
hips as having an osteochondral lesion and 2729 (93) hips as having a labral tear
MRIMRA comparison with arthroscopic findings identified 91 of tears seen on arthroscopyIn 4 hips MRI MRA failed to identify osteochondral lesions that were subsequently identified by arthroscopy
Kim et al (1988)
NA --- --- 12 showed significant improvement of symptoms
None None ---
Kim et al (2014)
Pain symptoms
--- Fracture united no symptoms
--- None None ---
Kim et al (2008)
Pain mechanical symptoms ROM
Pain tenderness in groin limited ROM flexion 90deg abduction 20deg adduction 15deg internal rotation 10deg and external rotation 20deg
--- Painless full ROM no recurrence of synovial haemangioma
None None ---
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Kim et al (2003)
HHS --- 979 --- None None ---
Kocher et al (2005)
mHHS 531(SD 73)
829(SD 81)
298 3 x Transient pudendal nerve palsy 1 x instrument breakage and 3 x recurrent labral tear
None ---
Konan et al (2011)
NAHS (last 50 patients)
Group 1 NAGroup 2 38 (21-80) Group 3 40 (26-73)
Group 1 69 (39-84) Group 2 79 (58-92) Group 3 86 (51-98)
Group 1 69 Group 2 41 Group 3 46
6 x chondral scuffing4x perineal injuries
None ---
Krych et al (2014)
VAS NRS Score
--- NRS scores (average) 39 (day 0) 36 (day1) 34 (day 2) 29 (day3) 30 (day 4) and 27 (day 5)VAS scoresVAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 0) VAS 47 plusmn 25 (day 1) VAS 46 plusmn 22 (day 2) VAS 40 plusmn 22 (day 3) VAS 39 plusmn
--- None None ---
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
20 (day 4) VAS 34 plusmn 19 (day 5)
Kuklo et al (1999)
Pain ROM Pain limited ROM flexion 105deg abduction 25deg internal rotation 25deg
Reduced pain Improved ROM Flexion 120deg abduction 45deg internal rotation 60deg
No pain good range of motion
None intra- or post-op However lesion not fully removed
None ---
Kusma et al (2004)
Pain mechanical symptoms resolution ROM
Pain mechanical symptoms
--- No symptoms normal range of motion at 3 months
None None ---
Ladner et al (2010)
NA --- --- --- 1x Abdominal fluid extravasation abdominal pain
None ---
Lansford et al (2012)
NA --- --- One patient returned to normal activities one patient could not return to running
--- 1 repeat arthroscopy due to pain and decrease ROM
---
Larson et a (2011)
mHHS 61 80 19 Failure rates (mHHS lt70) 12 for normal FAI 33 for mild-moderate pre-
1 arthroplasty (048) 10 arthroscopic revisions (476) 1 continued
---
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
op joint space narrowing 82 for advanced narrowing
discomfort to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (048)
Lee et al (2009)
Pain mechanical symptom resolution
Pain limping restricted ROM
--- Pain free full ROM near normal ROM no restriction
None None ---
Lee et al (2013) (1)
HHS 476(plusmn224) 836 (plusmn 94) 36 Failure (HHSlt80) in 8 (20) 3 transient perineal paresthesia 75) 1x numbness due to lateral femoral cutaenous nerve (25)
None ---
Lee et al (2014)
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the hip joint
--- --- 49 cases were positive for S aureus
1 septic arthritis relapse (111)
1 x arthroscopy (111)
Lee et al(2012)
VAS HHS UCLA activity scale ROM
VAS81 (5-10)
VAS31 (0-6)
VAS -5
HHS 43
4 recurrences of symptomatic
1 patient had 3 arthroscopies
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
HHS39 (22-65) UCLA activity scale32 (2-6)
ROM flexion 92deg plusmn 109deg extension 18deg plusmn 45deg abduction 28deg plusmn 58deg adduction 16deg plusmn 37deg internal rotation 25deg plusmn 54deg and external rotation 32deg plusmn 61deg
HHS82 (43-100) UCLA activity scale85 (5-10)
ROM flexion 108deg plusmn 113deg extension 27deg plusmn 520deg abduction 40deg plusmn 64deg adduc- tion 22deg plusmn 48deg internal rotation 41deg plusmn 57deg and external rotation 40deg plusmn 53deg
UCLA activity scale 53
ROM Flexion 16deg extension 9deg Abduction 12deg Adduction 6deg IR 16deg ER 8deg
disease (1x2 recurrences)
Lee et al (2013) (2)
HHS
WOMAC
UCLA activity score
HHS 5852
WOMAC 6961
UCLA activity score 44
HHS 9398
WOMAC 2616
UCLA activity score 89
HHS 3546
WOMAC -45-45
UCLAactivityscore 45
None None ---
Lo et al (2006)
Complications of hip arthroscopy
--- --- Intraoperative and postoperative complications totalled 17 (236)
No major complications
No complications related to
None ---
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
12 had mild scope trauma to femoral head (706)
5 transient sciatic nerve neuropraxia (294)
portals
Londers et al (2007)
NA --- 80 would undergo procedure again
Subjective improvement 68 no complaints 2 had to give up running 11 temporary relief (6 months to 4 years) 7 had no relief
1 scrotal haematoma spontaneously resolved
7 THA (125) (at average of 27 months (11-72)
Majewski et al (2010)
Pain ROM return to activity
--- ROM flexion 120deg (40ndash150deg) extension 0deg (ndash5 to 10deg) abduction 20deg (0ndash40deg) adduction 30deg (0ndash40deg) external rotation 30deg (5ndash60deg) and internal
No or only mild symptoms of hip 9 could play in any position 2 could play only when sitting ROM Flexion 20deg Extension 0deg Abduction 15deg
None 3 x femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy (273)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
rotation 30deg (-10 to 55deg)
Adduction 30deg IR 20deg ER 15deg
Martin et al (2012)
VAS 537 393 -144 None None ---
Mas Martinez et al (2015)
mHHS 693 396 -297 None Arthroplasty at 4 months
2 months post-op groin pain restriction of motion and mild limping
Matsuda et al (2012) (1)
NA --- --- Septic hip and multi organ failure drained and treated Patient survived
None 1 arthroscopy (one year later)
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Matsuda et al (2013)
NAHS 53 76 23 None None ---
Matsuda et al (2012) (2)
NAHS 34 88 54 1x recovery with a transient pudendal neuropraxia lasting 3 months
None ---
Matsuda et al (2014)
AL amp AM femoroplasty
208 (10-29) 427 (32-61) 219 None None ---
McCarthy NA --- --- No further 1 x residual None ---
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
et al (2007) hip dislocations
acetabular dysplasia (333)
McCormick et al (2012)
mHHS
HOS ADL
HOS SS
--- HOS ADL 871 (294-100)HOS SS 723 (8-100)MHHS 844 (28-100)
--- None None ---
McDonald et al (2014)
Return to sport
--- --- 1417 (823) made a return to sport
None None ---
Meftah et al (2011)
mHHS 793 (58-86) 922 (46-100) 129 None 2 THA (4)(45 52 years)
1 repeat arthroscopy (2)
Mineo et al (2003)
Arthroscopic bullet removalReturn to activty
--- --- Bullet removal no symptoms 2 years post-op returned to all activities
None None ---
Mineta et al (2014)
JOA (Japan Orthopaedic Association Score)
62 95 33 None None ---
Narvani et al (2003)
Evaluating for acetabular labral
--- --- MRAs in 418 athletes (22)
None None ---
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
tears via MRA Sensitivity and specificity for Clicking sensation of the hip as a clinical symptom
acetabular labrum tear
Clicking sensation of the hip to predict labral tears 100 sensitive 85 specificto predict labral tears
Internal rotation-flexion-axial compression manoeuvre 75 sensitive 43 specific
The Thomas test was neither sensitive nor specific
Nelson et al (2014)
mHHS 43 (26-59) 88 (65-100) 45 1x avascular necrosis of the femoral head (33) 2x chronic greater trochanteric
2 arthroscopic release of tendon at lesser trochanter
1x THA
Recurrent painful snapping
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
bursitis (66)Nepple et al (2011)
Evaluating clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of mild dysplasia cam and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns
Pain impingement Labral tears were present in 901 of hips
Acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 673 (including 417 with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia)
male sex older age (gt30 30-50 50 years old) Tonnis osteoarthritis grade and alpha angle gt 50deg on frog lateral radiograph to be independently associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 acetabular chondromalacia
Cam-type FAI (alpha angle gt 50deg) was strongly associated with more severe labral disease
None None ---
Nossa et al (2014)
--- --- --- --- 88 minor (temporary sensation alteration of pudendal nerve 68
None ---
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
lateral dorsal cutaenous nerve of the foot 16 chondral iatrogenic injuries 20)
4 major 3 heterotopic ossification 1 infection)
Nusem et al (2006)
mHHS --- 975 --- None None ---
Nwachukwu et al (2011)
NA --- --- --- 2 transient pudendal nerve palsy 1x instrument breakage 1x suture abscess
None ---
Ochs et al (2012)
SSEPs --- --- 1935 (54) patients 26 instances of SSEP wave changes ndash consisted of significant changes
1635 patients (46) no
None None ---
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
changes in the SSEP signals
Oh et al (2007)
mHHS 594 658 91 95 306 292 None None ---
Orsquoleary et al (2001)
NA --- --- 60 had significant improvement over 30 months especially labral tears (89) loose bodies (89) worse with osteonecrosis40 and degenrative joint disease 44
None 18 had THA average 84 months after arthroscopy (214)
---
Pardiwala et al (2007)
Pain resolution ROM
Pain loss of ROM Significant pain relief correction of deformity
Pain-free full ROM
None None ---
Park et al (2014) (1)
mHHS 6996 (plusmn61) 8045 (plusmn 7) 1049 4 instrument breakage 3 suture anchor failures 1x second degree burn 5 incomplete reshaping 4 pudendal neuropraxia 2
5 repeat arthroscopies (51)
---
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
ankle joint pain 2 iatrogenic labral perforations 2 lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia 4 femoral head scuffs 1x snapping sound and heterotopic ossification
Park et al (2014) (2)
NA --- --- All patients pleased with surgical outcome
None None ---
Park et al (2013)
mHHSWOMAC
mHHS 58
WOMAC 49
mHHS 83
WOMAC 15
mHHS 28
WOMAC -34
None None ---
Peng et al (2013)
NA --- --- No pain all returned to activity
None None ---
Petchprapa et al (2014)
Sensitivity specificity accuracy NPV and PPV of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral
--- --- Sensitivities of iMRA for the labrum 1000 (AI) 950 (AS) and 857 (PS) Acetabular cartilage 588 (AS) and 395 (PS) Femoral
None None ---
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
pathology detection
cartilage 500 (AI) 333 (AS) 750 (PI) and 750 (PS)
Specificities of iMRA for the labrum [950 (AI) 1000 (AS) 951 (PI) 675 (PS)] Acetabular cartilage [1000 (AI) 857 (AS) 926 (PI) 795 (PS] Femoral cartilage [1000 (AI) 947 (AS) 962 (PI) 859 (PS)]
Phillippon et al (2008)
Measurement of the size of the chondral defect (primary arthroscopy) percent fill of the defect and repair grade
--- --- Avg acetabular chondral lesion size 163 mm2 Average fill of the acetabular chondral
None 1 THA (111)
Due to osteoarthritis
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
(revision arthroscopy)
lesions 91 (range 25 to 100)
89 patients 95-100 coverage of an isolated acetabular chondral lesion or acetabular lesion
Phillippon et al (2009)
Return to sport
--- --- Cleared for unrestricted return to sport
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2014)
Evaluation of a pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions in subset of patients with mixed-type FAI Return to sport
--- Mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination in 7 patients
Femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse
Return to sport at 10-16 weeks
None None ---
Phillippon et al (2012)
mHHS 528 85 272 None None ---
Polat et al (2013)
NAHS mHHS Oxford hip
NAHS 555 (30-72) mHHS 687 (40-84)
NAHS 803 (45-94)
NAHS 248 mHHS 233
2 transient pudendal
None ---
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
score WOMAC VAS
Oxford hip score 348 (25-43)WOMAC 728 (49-86) VAS 68 (4-10)
mHHS 92 (74-100) Oxford hip score 444 (36-48) WOMAC 934 (75-100)VAS 19 (0-9) VAS
Oxford hip score 96 WOMAC 206VAS -96
nerve neuropraxia (6) 1x transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia (3) 1x asymptomatic heterotropic ossification (3)
Potter et al (2005)
mHHS --- --- Group 1 (non-disability) 814 Group 2 (Disability) 610mHHS was significantly lower in patients on disability status than in those who were not
None None ---
Ranawat et al (2009)
NA --- --- --- 2 months post-op fell on hip and had recurrent anterior
1 x repeat arthroscopy
Due to mechanical ground level fall and anterior
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
dislocation dislocationRath et al (2013)
VASmHHSHOS
--- --- VAS723 (plusmn026) mHHS1101 (plusmn532)HOS 1818 (plusmn425)
None None ---
Rosen baum et al (2014)
NA --- --- --- Posterior dislocation post-op day 19 and day 26
None ---
Roy et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
667 of patients had o symptoms return
none reported 2 repeat arthroscopies 1 THA 3 years later
returned symptoms progression
Ruch et al (2001)
diagnostic correlation between modalities
--- --- --- none none NA
Rupp et al (2012)
peripheral vs central starting point
--- --- --- 4 paresthesia (67) 8 minor cartilage injury(133) 3 moderate cartilage injury (50) 2 labral penetration (33)
none NA
Safran et al (2014)
IHOT score 32 85 53 none none
Santori et al (2012)
HHS 56 (44-65) 94 (84-89) 36 1 patient partial
none NA
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
recurrence of pain after 12 months (53) 1 case of extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal cavities (53)
Schilders et al (2011)
mHHS 6104 (24-96) 9209 (35-100)
3105 (0-76) none reported none NA
Schindler et al (1995)
improvement of symptoms
21 patients 10 patients saw improvement
476 of patients saw improvement of symptoms
2x transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia (95) 1x obesity prevented manipulation of arthroscope (48) 1x stiffness due to juvenile arthritis and joint could not be adequately (48)distracted 1x loose
none NA
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
body dislodged by not removed
Sharma et al (2009)
severe complciation
--- --- --- significant abdominal distension apnea hypotension
mini-laparotomy diagnostic laparotomy
abdominal compartment syndrome
Singleton et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Souza et al (2010)
complications --- --- --- 12 complications (62) 4 pudendal nerve palsy (21)1 loss of erection (05) 2 femoral head fracture (10) 2 breakage of guidewire in soft tissue (10) 1 DVT (05) 1 vulva edema (05) 1 partial skin necrosis in scrotum (05)
none NA
Stabile et al (2014)
symptoms bucket labral tear and fracture
repair of tear and fracture
--- none reported none NA
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
healingSvoboda et al (2003)
symptoms loose body removal of loose body
--- none reported none NA
Teloken et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
no pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Tey et al (2012)
symptoms pain limited ROM pain resolution increased ROM
--- none reported none NA
Byrd et al (2001) (3)
mHHS 57 92 35 1 transient partial neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spontaneously resolved
2 repeat arthroscopies (48) 1 THA (24)
recurrent symptoms avascular necrosis
Vendittoli et al (2012)
acetabular lesions and hip morphology
--- --- --- none reported 11 THA at mean time of 11 months (136)
progression of s lesions
Watanabe et al (2014)
mHHS 55 78 22 none reported none NA
Wilkin et al (2014)
WOMAC pain WOMAC function mHHS SF-12 physical SF-mental
54 (20-90) 604 (162-956) 566 (99-846) 332 513
694 (0-100) 691 (103-100) 639 (297-100) 393
154 55 73 61
none 7 revision arthroscopy at mean 213 months (171) 5 THA at mean of 188
recurrent symptoms
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
months (122) 1 resurfacing arthroplasty (24)
Yamamoto et al (2003)
use in trauma cases
--- --- can be used in setting of trauma
none 4 ORIF arthroscopy was deemed impossible (instability of acetabular bone fragment and 3 x severe displacement of bone fragments)
Yamamoto et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain increased ROM
can walk with a cane
none reported none NA
Yang et al (2010)
symptoms acetabular fracture fracture healing return to sport
--- none reported none NA
Yanke et al (2013)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
decreased pain full ROM
--- none reported none NA
Yu et al (2011)
mHHS --- 937 (90-99) --- none 1 revision arthroscopy (111)
not specified
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS Oxford VAS
669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none reported none NA
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Casartelli et al (2013)
HOS ADL HOS sport
--- 92 (89-100) 82 (53-100)
--- none reported none NA
Domb et al (2014)
patient -reportedoutcome scores
patients with Workerrsquos Compensation status had lower scores
--- --- none 2x THA (54) 2x arthroscopy revision (54)
recurrent symptoms
Sener et al (2011)
HHS --- 95 --- none none NA
Trompeter et al (2013)
NAHS --- --- all significant improvement compared to pre-op scores
none reported 12 psoas injections (102) 2 psoas release (17) 5 trochanteric injections (42) 2 trochanteric decompression (17) 1 x steroid injection and manipulation under anesthesia (08) 1 tensor fascia latte release (08) 9 hip resurfacing arthroplasty (76) 5 THA (42)
not specified
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Appendix Table 4 Outcomes complications and revisions of all lateral studies
Study Hip Outcome Score Measurement
Pre-Op Post-Op Difference Complications Further Surgery
Reason for Additional Surgery
Amenabar et al (2013)
mHHS 836 (771-901)
980 (956-100) 144 none 5 repeat arthroscopy (192)
1 degnerative joint disease 4 cam impingement
Aprato et al (2012) (1)
mHHS 573 743 17 None reported 56 repeat arthroscopy (106)
Not specified
Aprato et al (2012) (2)
mHHS 58 74 16 none none NA
Baber et al (1999)
NA --- --- --- 7 failure to get access (21)
none NA
Bajwa et al (2011)
symptoms symptommatic
asymptomatic --- none 7 revision THA (146)
5 for aspectic loosening 1 for corrosion of an uncemented Furlong femoral component which has impinged against margin of acetabular component 1
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
for apseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion
Baker et al (2007)
VAS mHHS mHHS physical functio mHHS pain
72 51 336 287
31 77 54 515 -41 26 204 228
1 post-op seroma (33) 1 failed arthroscopic bursectomy (33)
1 ampD of seroma 1 open bursectomy
seroma failed arthroscopic bursectomy
Bartlett et al (1998)
symptoms acetabular fracture instability pain
pain free stable --- intra-abdominal compartment syndrome cardiopulmonary arrest
exploratory laparotomy
due to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome
Boden et al (2014)
NAHS 57 72 15 6 chondral scruffs (50) 4 transient parathesias (2 lateral femoral 2 dorsal lateral cutaneous) (33) 1 female groin bruising (08)
7 arthroscopic revisions
persistent symptoms and further resection of bony anatomy
Budd et al (2012)
radiation dose from fluoroscopy
0mSv 0328mSv --- none none NA
Daivajna et al (2015)
mHHS NAHS 58 (28-87) 64 (27-93)
72 (47-91) 77 (59-95)
14 13 none 34 patients (44)required THA at mean time of 18 months (6-
not specified
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
48) Dudda et al (2011)
alpha angle Anterior position was 4785deg +-1113090 788deg Superior position 6862deg +- 1985deg Superior-anterior 7254deg +- 1463deg Anterior-superior 6315deg +- 1038deg
Anterior position 3846deg +- 456deg Superior position 4885deg +- 476deg Superior- anterior 4354deg +- 621deg Anterior-superior 4038deg +- 602deg
Anterior position 939deg +- 332deg Superior position 1977deg +- 1509deg Superior- anterior 29deg +- 842deg Anterior-superior 2277 +- 436deg
none none NA
Eardley et al (2014)
mHHS NAHS Hip disability and outcome score
418 4625 45
957 875 938 539 4125 488
none none NA
Egerton et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 673 664 807 800 135 134
none none NA
Ellender et al (2008)
symptoms groin pain decreased ROM
pain free improved ROM
--- none none NA
Farjo et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
reduced pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 sciatic nerve palsies (71) 1 pudendal nerve palsy (36)
14 THA (50)
8 had no arthritic changes 6 had arthriti on radiographsc changes
Flecher et al (2011)
Merle drsquoAubigne HHS Christensen
11 (9-18) 76 (46-80)
16 (14-18) 91 (87-100) 84 (72-
5 15 20 26
1 (4) iatrogenic injury to femoral
none NA
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
score WOMAC 64 (48-88) 58 (42-96)
100) 84 (74-100) head cartilage
Fontana et al (2012)
HHS Group A 483 (454-512) Group B 464 (435-493)
Group A 877 (845-903) Group B 563 (534-591)
Group A 391 Group B 99
7 cartilage defects (233) 1 calf-vein thrombosis (33) 1 transient neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (33)
none NA
Funke et al (1996)
--- --- --- --- 1 neuropraxia of pudendal nerve (53) 1 acute abdominal pain following regional anesthesais causing termination of procedure (53) 1 hematoma of labia majora (53)
none NA
Futami et al (1992)
symptoms pain and mechanical symptoms
resolution of pain and mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Gaymer et al (201 3)
radiation dose to fetus from fluoroscopy
0 milligray 299 combined procedure 198 labral resection 117 microfracture
--- none none NA
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
026 washout Goldman et al (1987)
bullet retrieval --- --- --- missed major fragment later embedded in acetabulum
arthrotomy fragment extraction
Gray et al (1997)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased ROM
pain free decreased mechanical symptomsimproved ROM
--- none THA (number not specified)
persistent symptoms
Haene et al (2007)
looking for hip dysplasia in patients with torn labrum
--- hip dysplasia found in 46
--- none none NA
Hase et al (1999)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
pain free no mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2014)
WOMAC central (transcapsular)release WOMAC peripheral (lesser trochanter) release
56 (31-74) 4633 (23-83)
8957 (80-92) 8933 (87-91)
3357 43
none 1 recurrent painful snapping (5)
periphera compartment iliopsoas tendon release
Ilizaliturri et al (2009)
WOMAC Group 1 701 Group 2 67
Group 1 837 Group 2 836
Group 1 136 Group 2 166
none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (1)
WOMAC 299 67 -233 none none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2011)
WOMAC 46 823 413 1 symptomatic osteonecrosis at 3 years follow up with femoral head collapse
2 THA 1 before 3 years and 1 after 3 years
not specified
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Ilizaliturri et al (2005) (2)
WOMAC 825 (74-87) 91 (90-93) 85 significant loss of flexion strength improved 8 weeks after surgery
none NA
Ilizaliturri et al (2006)
WOMAC 81 (78-87) 94 (89-96) 13 1 patient had non-painful snapping (10)
none NA
Kemp et al (2014)
symptoms decreased active ROM decreased hip strength
increased active ROM and hip strength
--- impairments in hip ROM and strength in patients with chondrolabral pathology
none NA
Khanduja et al (2008)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Lage et al (1996)
assessing for labral tears
--- 37 labral tears identified (139)
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2008)
symptoms chronic hip pain
resolution of symptoms
--- none none NA
Lee et al (2010)
predictors for longer than typical recovery after hip arthroscopy for labral tears
--- --- workerrsquos compensation status female gender use of pain medications presence of a limp presence of a lateral
none none NA
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
labral tear Malviya et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 61 68 84 88 23 27 none none NA
Malviya et al (2012)
mHHS NAHS QoL 61 (6-91) 67 (21-97) 0961 (07-1)
80 (42-91) 85 (44-100) 0982 (09-1)
19 18 0021
none none NA
Marchie et al (2011)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 2 transient perineal and pedal paresthesia
revision arthroscopy 1 at 1 year 2 at 4 years 1 at 5 years i at 7 years2 patients needed an arthrotomy for removal of oversized loose bodies (69) 5 underwent THA (17) at an average of 52 months (31-72)
recurrent symptoms loose bodies
Margheritini et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
McCarthy et al (2003)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 1 revision hip arthroscopy
new injury
McCarthy symptoms painful hip decreased pain --- 2 patients had none NA
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
et al (1995)
clicking mechanical symptoms
mechanical symptoms
lateral cutaneous nercve neuropraxia resolved in 2 weeks (21)
McCarthy et al (2011)
NAHS --- 873 for non-THA patients
--- none 41 (387) had THA within 10 years (average 48 (01-157))
not specified
McCarthy et al (1998)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none 2 (10) THA arthtritic changes
McCarthy et al (2002)
Identification of labral tears
--- 122 (72) had free margin articular surface tears and 113 (66) had anterior tears 100 (59) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions
--- none 17 THA (104) average 25 years (1-6)
not specified
McCormick et al (2013)
mHHS HOS-ADL HOS-sports
--- 847 891 768 --- none none NA
Mei-Dan et al
symptoms pain mechanical
persistent pain and stiffness
--- post-arthroscopic
THA severe pain and instability
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
(2012) symptoms persistent pain and stiffness
instability
Mei-Dan et al (2014)
WOMAC NAHS 294 624 963 832 -1977 208
none none NA
Meyer et al (2002)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Mullis et al (2006)
symptoms loose bodies
removal of loose bodies
--- 3 retained loose bodies from extravasated fluid into gluteal compartment
3x repeat arthroscopy
loose bodies
Noguchi et al (1991)
degenerative changes
--- --- --- none none NA
Okada et al (1989)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Ozkan et al (2007)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- none none NA
Sampson et al (2005)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- 20 transient nerve injuries 10 peroneal 4 pudental 4 sciatic 1 femoral + sciatic10x fluid extravasation3x scuffing of femoral head
core decompression
avascular necrosis
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
because of inadequate distraction
Santori et al (2000)
mHHS 496 736 24 none none NA
Santori et al (1999)
radiological findings
--- --- --- none none NA
Schiffman et al (2012)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms
decreased pain mechanical symptoms
--- ipsilateral ankle pain soft tissue swelling due to non-displaced medial malleolus fracture
none NA
Sozen et al (2010)
symptoms pain mechanical symptoms due to bullet
decreased pain mechanical symptoms with removal of bullet
--- none none NA
Telleria et al (2012)
traction length --- --- --- 14 complications(23) 4 sciatic nerve injuries 2 superficial wound infections 6 cases of arthroscope-related trauma (scuffing) to the articular cartilage of the hip and 1 case of equipment breakage 1
none NA
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
patient developed atrial fibrillation intraoperatively
Tran et al (2013)
mHHS NAHS 7739 7634 9415 9318 1676 1684
none none NA
Zhou et al (2013)
HHS OHS VAS 669 (+-121) 694 (+-164) 85 (+-25)
784 (+-193) 802 (+-188) 72 (+-25)
115 108 -13
none none NA
Jones et al (2009)
symptoms pain ldquocatchingrdquo sensation on flexion
pain free stable --- posterior dislocation of prosthetic hip joint x2
none NA
Owens et al (2006)
symptoms pain decreased ROM
pain free full ROM
--- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (1)
fluid extravasation --- --- --- none none NA
Stafford et al (2011) (2)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
619 (573-665) 218 (190-247) 400 (377-423)
794 (744-845) 358 (326-389) 436 (414-458)
145 14 36
3 iliopsoas irritation within 1 year
3x (107) revision hip arthroscopy
iliopsoas pathology
Tzaveas et al (2010)
mHHS mHHS pain mHHS function
583 (SD 205) 157 (SD 107) 372 (SD 94)
803 (SD 213) 289 (SD 160) 441 (SD 472)
22 132 69
persistent pain or disability
5x (263) revision arthroscopy 1x (53) resurfacing arthroplasty
persistent pain (iliopsoas tendinitis residual femoroacetabular and pectineofoveal impingement) rapidly
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
destructing OA persistent discomfort
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)
Appendix Table 5 Incidence of Complications
Complication Supine Lateral
Femoral head necrosis avascular necrosis 8 (010) 1 (002)
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis 1 (001) 0 (0)Latrogenic injury
a) chondral scuffsb) labral penetrationc) iatrogenic fractures
41 (049)55 (065)4 (005)
23 (045)0 (0)0 (0)
Heterotropic Ossifcation Myositis Ossificans
- symptomatic
18 (021)
16 (019)
0 (0)
Deep Vein Thrombosis 8 (001) 1 (002)Pulmonary Embolism 3 (004) 0 (0)Sexual Dysfunction 2 (002) [temporary] 0 (0)Genital Trauma
a) scrotalb) penisc) vulvad) edemae) burns
3 (004)1 (001)0 (0)1 (001)2 (002)
0 (0)0 (0)2 (004)0 (0)0 (0)
Fluid extravasation 4 (005) 11 (021)Equipment Breakage 9 (011) 1 (002)Superficial wound infection stich abscess seroma
8 (010) 3 (006)
Deep Infection Septic Arthritis 3 (004) 0 (0)Neuropraxia
a) lateral femoral cutaneousb) pudendalc) sciaticd) pedale) perinealf) unspecified
Total 20633 (040) [001 permanent]93 (111) [0 permanent]7 (008) [0 permanent]24 (029) [0 permanent]11 (013) [0 permanent]4 (005) [0 permanent]
Total 0474 (008) [0 permanent]7 (014) [0 permanent]11 (021) [008) permanent]2 (004) [0 permanent] 0 (0) [0 permanent]
Acute Abdominal Pain 1 (001) 1 (002)Missed Loose Bodies 1 (001) 4 (008)Post-Operative Dislocation 3 (004) 2 (004)Atrial Fibrillation 0 (0) 1 (002)Acetabular Epiphyseal Dysplasia 3 (004) 0 (0)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 2 (002) 0 (0)