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ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES
ROMANESQUE STYLE
• Truly began c. 1000• Sprang up all over western Europe at the
same time…regional differences in style• Reflected the triumph of Christianity
everywhere in Europe• Growing spirit of religious enthusiasm• Increased pilgrimage traffic to sacred sites• Revival of trade, commerce and
manufacturing• Growth of city life
The Romanesque arch
Church plans and parts
Nave of the cathedral in Pisa
How did they build the arches and vaults?
• Wooden centering allowed the masons to install the voussoirs and key stone, then take it down and move on to the next arch
ELEMENTS OF ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
• Ste. Madeleine, Vézelay• round, roman arches• square squatty towers• dark interiors• scary sculpture
The Last Judgment…tympanum of Cathedral of St. Lazare, Autun
Other examples of Romanesque style…
Speyer CathedralGermany
Begun 1080
Italian Romanesque…Pisa
GOTHIC STYLE• Began about 1150 in the Île de
France• Most often applied to
architecture• The age of great cathedrals• By 1400, regional differences
gave way to a homogeneous “International Gothic” style
What are the elements of a Gothic cathedral?
• Soaring spaces• Flying buttresses• Pointed arches• Stained glass windows• Sculpture that told stories• Oriented on an East/West axis• Generally cruciform in shape
The Gothic arch
Flying Buttresses…held up the walls…
Buttresses at Chartres
Chartres 1194-1220
GARGOYLES…THE HOLY TERRORS…
• What was their purpose??
Great Gothic Cathedrals…
Notre Dame, Paris…begun 1163
West façade, Nôtre Dame
Reims Cathedral c. 1225-1299…French kings were crowned here
The golden age of stained glass
One of the great rose windows…and famous Chartres blue
Modern example of a rose window at St. John the Divine, NYC
St. Patrick’s CathedralFifth AvenueNew York City1858-1878James Renwick Case,architect