ART HISTORYTimeline

How did it all start?Art began over 27,000 years agoAs humans became smarter their

imagination and ability to create art increased

Art can be broken up over the span of time into eras and Movements:◦ Pre-historic & Pre-Columbian◦ Egyptian◦ Greek, & Roman◦ Medieval◦ Renaissance & Baroque◦ Modern◦ Contemporary

Stonehenge15,000 BC

Caves of Lascaux15,000 BC

Pre-Historic ArtEurope in 30,000 BC – 2,500 BC

Venus of Willendorf24,000 – 22,000 BC

People live in caves & survive by hunting and gathering that gradually evolve into learning how to use tools to make things

No organized government or religion so art is made for practical purposes to help with hunt or please natural forces

Art is made from natural resources like crushed berries and rock and sticks for brushes

Great Sphinx of Giza, 2558 - 2532 BC

Book of the Dead3100 BCE – 30

BCE

Egyptian3100 BC – 30 BC

Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE

First civilization to develop literature, science, mathematics and large-scale, unified & organized government

Led by a Pharaoh whom all artwork was created for & about

Egyptians were religious believing in many gods, the after life, and specific practices preparing and caring for the dead

Sculpture and Paintings are more realistic than pre-historic art, but remain simplistic and distorted using odd figural juxtapositions

Massive architectural monuments were built in the form of Pyramids to serve as a tomb for the Pharaoh

Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE

Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE

Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE

Greek850 BC – 31 BC

First glimpse at high realism in art

Perfection in art is more important that portraying reality

Symmetry in sculptural work is crucial to the Greeks

Temples are created to pay tribute to Gods and Goddesses

Ceiling-less architecture is more about the attributed God or Goddess rather than cover from the elements

Clay vessels are created for function, story telling and aesthetics

Very few Greek artworks remain due to the Romans wiping out much of the Greek Culture

Paintings insideVilla of

Mysteries in Pompeii

79 AD

Augustus of Prima Porta15 A.D.

The Colosseum70–80 AD

Roman500 BC – 476 AC

Heavily influenced by the Greek era

Roman art is more functional than religious and celebrates the Empire and Emperor

The Romans developed many advanced architectural features such as the “aqueduct” vaulted ceilings and domes made possible by their development of concrete

Realism is more important than perfection figures are sculpted and painted to looks as they do in reality

Paintings and other artworks are no longer intact or even remain due to the fall of Rome

Roman Art

Nigerian Sculpture500BC - AD500

Pre-Columbian30,000 BC – 1,600 CE

Mayan Temples250– 900 CE

Africa, North America, South and Central America were inhabited with Natives pre-European conquest.

Native American populations in all three Americas dwindled and were extinguished due to European disease, massacres and territorial wars in which the Europeans succeeded in expanding its civilization into the current Americas.

The Africa’s separated into countries and was able to maintain many tribal communities while other parts were colonized by the Europeans much like in the Americas.

Native American Pottery

1,000 BCE – 1492 CE

Giotto di Bondone Ognissanti Madonna, 1310

Cathedral Stained Glass Windows

500 – 1400

Illuminated Letter & Manuscripts400 – 600

Medieval500 – 1400

Considered “The Dark Ages”

Most common people were illiterate so artwork took the place of words in books and windows of cathedrals

Very futile time – most artwork didn’t survive and those that did were religious in nature preserved by the church

Figures in painting and sculpture begin to approach realism with slightly distorted proportions and lack of value

DavidMichelangelo

1501-04

The Mona LisaLeonardo Da

Vinci1503-06

The Tribute MoneyMasaccio

1425

Renaissance1400 – 1500

A rebirth of art after the dark and depressing “dark ages”

Art is Primarily religious in nature that starts off flat, unrealistic disproportionate figures to later evolve into highly realistic proportion figures

Tempera is used initially in painting until Oil paint is developed later heightening the realism and color quality that artist can generate

Birth of the “Triangle Composition,” “Perspective,” & “Self Portraiture”

The Kitchen MaidJohannes Vermeer

1658

The Garden of LoveRubens1633

The Conversion of St. PaulCaravaggio

1600-01

Baroque1600 – 1750

Mainly in Europe Oil Paint is used to

create dramatic imagery using high contrast in lights and darks called ”chiaroscuro”

Eventually moves into a very frilly and ornate style called Rococo

Subject matter is generally of a religious nature or portraits of the wealthy

The StarEdgar Degas

1876-77

ImpressionismFrance, 1865 – 1885

Started in France Light and visual

sensation are more important realism

Thick, loose brush strokes are used to capture the life and light of a scene, situation or object

Children Playing at the Beach

Mary Casatt1884

GrainstackClaude Monet

1890

At the Moulin RougeLautrec1892-95

Still Life with SkullCezanne895-1900

Café Terrace at Night

Vincent Van Gogh1888

Post-ImpressionismFrance, 1885 – 1910

Started in France Uses thick textural

applications of paint Color choices are

brighter and bolder than that of Impressionism

The simplification and exaggeration of color and shape begin here creating a path for “Expressionism” to take place next

I and VillageMark Chagall

1911

The ScreamEdvard Munch

1893

The Yellow Cow1911

Oil on Canvas

ExpressionismGermany, 1900 – 1935

Started in Germany and moved into France (Fauvism)Conveys feeling and emotion rather than direct representations of reality

Use violent and harsh elements like line, shape and color to convey mood

This way of using the elements and principles was a reaction against traditional art methods and become a vehicle for social truth and bitterness after WWI

Still Life with Checked Table ClothJuan Gris

1915

House at L’EstaqueGeorges Braque

1908

GuernicaPablo Picasso

1937

Cubism1905 – 1920

Started in France Influenced by tribal

art of Africa Analytic Cubism:

Showing a subject by spreading out pieces across the canvas

Synthetic Cubism: Showing a subject’s different sides/angles from different viewpoints or distance.

Cubism uses simplified shapes, colors, patterns and lines to show the figure, and everyday scenes and objects.

The Persistence of MemorySalvador Dali

1931

Time TransfixedRene Magritte

1938

The Two FridasFrida Kahlo

1939

Surrealism1917 – 1950

Started in France and spread across the globe

Expresses the imagination and dream like states using realistic & unrealistic art techniques

Art that is free from conscious control or hallucinatory scenes that defy common sense are more important than depicting reality accurately

No. 10Mark Rothko

1950

Composition VIIIWassily Kandinsky

1983

Autumn RhythmJackson Pollock

1950

Abstract Expressionism1940s – 1950s Started in the US –

New York, East Hampton

Relied on Instinct, action and art materials

The technique in using art materials is more important than the concept

Question: What type of art is an artist creating when they focus on elements and principles not subject matter?

Answer: Formalism

Pop Art1960s Started in England &

US A reaction to Mass

Media - TV, radio, magazines & pop culture in general Used a lot of

symbolism, simplistic compositions, repurposing of materials.

The social message was more important than the art process

Question: What type of sculptural art can be seen from all sides?

Answer: In-the-round

MarilynsAndy Warhol

1968

Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar TracksClaus Oldenbuerg

1969

HopelessRoy Lichtenstein

1963